Vegetative Growth Distribution During Water Deficits in Vitis vinifera L

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Schultz ◽  
MA Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Water Deficits

The expansion of plant organs is inhibited by water deficits but the effect of ontogeny on growth sensitivity is not known. Therefore, growth responses of shoot organs (internodes, leaves, tendrils) of Vitis vinifera L. cv. White Riesling to developing water deficit were investigated under controlled environmental conditions. Growth of organs at a node position was asynchronous, with internode growth being more restricted than leaf and tendril growth in time (duration of growth) and space (number of node positions at which growth occurred). The timing of initial growth inhibition and final growth cessation caused by soil water deficits was identical in internodes, leaves, and tendrils. The degree of growth inhibition at low water potential was similar among organs, whether linear or volume changes were considered and whether the most rapidly expanding organs or organs of similar developmental stage were compared. In addition, the relative partitioning of growth among internodes, leaves, and tendrils along single shoots was unaltered when growth was inhibited by water deficits. Growth of each organ was inhibited initially at soil water potential of -0.065 MPa and ceased completely at -0.54 MPa. Therefore, it was concluded that the sensitivity of growth to water deficits did not differ among shoot organs. The region along the shoot in which organs expanded was reduced during water deficits. Similarly, the regions within organs in which growth occurred diminished as water deficits developed. Although growth was inhibited in all tissues, inhibition was complete in older tissues when some growth was maintained in younger tissues. Therefore, it was concluded that sensitivity of growth to water deficits increased with ontogeny.

scholarly journals Growth responses to soil water potential indirectly shape local species distributions of tropical forest seedlings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan J. Kupers ◽  
Bettina M. J. Engelbrecht ◽  
Andrés Hernández ◽  
S. Joseph Wright ◽  
Christian Wirth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Local Species

scholarly journals Onion Response to Water Stress

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 837D-837
Author(s):  
Clinton C. Shock ◽  
Erik B.G. Feibert ◽  
Lamont D. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Granular Matrix ◽  
Response To Water

Six soil water potential irrigation criteria (–12.5 to –100 kPa) were examined to determine levels for maximum onion yield and quality. Soil water potential at 0.2-m depth was measured by tensiometers and granular matrix sensors (Watermark Model 20055, Irrometer Co., Riverside, Calif.). Onions are highly sensitive to small soil water deficits. The crop needs frequent irrigations to maintain small negative soil water potentials for maximum yields. In each of 3 years, yield and bulb size increased with wetter treatments. In 1994, a relatively warm year, onion yield and bulb size were maximized at –12.5 kPa. In 1993, a relatively cool year, onion marketable yield peaked at –37.5 kPa due to a significant increase in rot during storage following the wetter treatments.

Modifying sexual expression of containerized jack pine by topping, altering soil nitrogen and water, and applying gibberellins

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 869-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H. Fogal ◽  
S.J. Coleman ◽  
M.S. Wolynetz ◽  
H.O. Schooley ◽  
S.M. Lopushanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Sexual Expression ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Water Potentials

The numbers of seed strobili and pollen strobilus clusters and the extent of branch terminal growth were determined on 6-year-old containerized jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) trees following modification of the soil nitrogen (N) supply (NH4NO3 at 3, 100, or 300 mg N/L; NO3− at 100 mg N/L; or NH4+ at 100 mg N/L in a nutrient solution), soil water supply (soil water potentials above −20 kPa compared with potentials near −70 kPa), and tree crown size (intact trees outside polythene shelters and lightly versus severely topped trees under polythene shelters). These factors were tested with or without biweekly foliar applications of spray solutions containing 400 mg/L of GA4/7. Intact trees outside polythene shelters did not display sexual or growth responses to N or GA4/7 treatments. Seed strobilus production on topped trees under shelters was not influenced by the level of topping or N supply, but it was depressed by low soil moisture potentials and stimulated by GA4/7 with high or low soil water potentials. Pollen strobilus production was depressed by severe topping and by low soil water potential; it was stimulated by GA4/7 on lightly topped trees but not on severely topped trees and by a low (3 mg N/L) N supply. In the year after treatment, terminal growth of a branch from the 2-year-old nodal whorl was not influenced by nitrogen supply or by light topping but it was increased by severe topping; it was increased by GA4/7 treatment if soil water potential was high but not with low water potential; it was depressed by low soil water potential.

scholarly journals Germination of rye brome (Bromus secalinus L.) seeds under simulated drought and different thermal conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Haliniarz ◽  
Jan Kapeluszny ◽  
Sławomir Michałek
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Bromus Secalinus ◽  
Simulated Drought

The aim of the present study was to compare the germination of rye brome (<em>Bromus secalinus </em>L.) seeds and the initial growth of seedlings under simulated drought and different thermal conditions. The study included two experiments carried out under laboratory conditions in the spring of 2012. The first experiment involved an evaluation of the speed of germination as well as of the biometric characters and weight of seedlings in polyethylene glycol solutions (PEG 8000) in which the water potential was: -0.2; -0.4; -0.65; -0.9 MPa, and in distilled water as the control treatment. The experiment was conducted at the following temperatures: 25/22oC and 18/14oC day/night, at a relative air humidity of 90%. The other experiment, in which lessive soil was used as a germination substrate, was carried out in a plant growth chamber at two levels of air humidity (55–65% and 85–95%) and temperature (22/10oC and 16/5oC). The soil moisture content was determined by the gravimetric method and the water potential corresponding to it was as follows: -0.02, -0.07, -0.16, -0.49, -1.55 MPa. The germination capacity and emergence of <em>Bromus secalinus </em>as well as the weight of sprouts produced were significantly dependent on the water potential of the polyethylene glycol solution and on the soil water potential. The emergence of <em>Bromus secalinus </em>was completely inhibited by reducing the soil water potential below -0.16 MPa (the point of strong growth inhibition). The emergence and biometric characters of rye bro- me seedlings were significantly dependent on temperature and air humidity.

scholarly journals Maize nodal root growth under water deficits

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kara J. Riggs
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Nodal Root

The nodal root system is critical for the development of the mature root system in maize (Zea mays L.) and other grasses. Under drought conditions, nodal root axes may need to grow through surface soil that is dry, hard, and hot. These roots are known to have a superior ability to continue elongation at low water potentials relative to other organs of the plant, but the physiology of this response has been little studied. The objective of this study was to develop an experimental system that models the field situation in which upper soil layers dry, to enable studies of nodal root growth regulation under water deficit conditions. A divided-chamber experimental system was developed to allow the growth of maize primary and seminal root systems in well-watered conditions while the nodal root system is exposed to precise conditions of low soil water potential. The divided-chamber system was used to characterize nodal root growth responses to a range of soil water potentials under steady-state and reproducible conditions. Two contrasting genotypes, selected for differences in root growth response to water stress based on a previous study of the primary root, displayed similarly sensitive growth responses to -0.3 MPa soil, but different capacities to maintain high root tip water potential corresponding with different growth responses at lower soil water potentials. Both genotypes maintained relatively high nodal root tip water potentials in -2.0 MPa soil, despite the decreased soil water potential, suggesting a stress-induced response that enhances water transport to the root tip. The difference in high tissue water potential maintenance was seen not only between the contrasting genotypes but also between the first two developmental nodes of roots. The divided-chamber system provides a powerful experimental approach to investigate the physiological mechanisms regulating nodal root growth responses to adverse soil conditions. Future studies may include measurements of hydraulic conductivity, anatomical characterization of vascular elements near the growth zone, aquaporin content and activity, and suberin deposition in response to low soil water potentials.

Effect of Soil Water Potential of Two Soils on Soybean Emergence 1

1979 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Heatherly ◽  
W. J. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Potential

scholarly journals A Data-Driven Method for the Temporal Estimation of Soil Water Potential and Its Application for Shallow Landslides Prediction

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Bordoni ◽  
Fabrizio Inzaghi ◽  
Valerio Vivaldi ◽  
Roberto Valentino ◽  
Marco Bittelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Shallow Landslides ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Physically Based

Soil water potential is a key factor to study water dynamics in soil and for estimating the occurrence of natural hazards, as landslides. This parameter can be measured in field or estimated through physically-based models, limited by the availability of effective input soil properties and preliminary calibrations. Data-driven models, based on machine learning techniques, could overcome these gaps. The aim of this paper is then to develop an innovative machine learning methodology to assess soil water potential trends and to implement them in models to predict shallow landslides. Monitoring data since 2012 from test-sites slopes in Oltrepò Pavese (northern Italy) were used to build the models. Within the tested techniques, Random Forest models allowed an outstanding reconstruction of measured soil water potential temporal trends. Each model is sensitive to meteorological and hydrological characteristics according to soil depths and features. Reliability of the proposed models was confirmed by correct estimation of days when shallow landslides were triggered in the study areas in December 2020, after implementing the modeled trends on a slope stability model, and by the correct choice of physically-based rainfall thresholds. These results confirm the potential application of the developed methodology to estimate hydrological scenarios that could be used for decision-making purposes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document