Effect of Oxygen Supply on Nitrogenase Activity of Nitrate- and Dark-Stressed Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Plants

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Carroll ◽  
AP Hansen ◽  
DL Mcneil ◽  
PM Gresshoff
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Autonomous Activity ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen ◽  
Substrate Deprivation ◽  
Dark Stress ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

Nitrate and dark stress were used to induce decline in nitrogenase activity of root nodules of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Bragg). Response to this treatment and to various oxygen concentrations was assessed by short-term acetylene reduction assays. Decreases in oxygen partial pressure reduced nitrogenase activity substantially in unstressed soybean nodules and even further in nodules of nitrate- or dark-stressed plants. Increasing oxygen concentrations from 21 to 60% severely restricted nitrogenase activity in control plants, but stimulated activity in soybeans exposed to 10 mol m-3 nitrate or darkness for 2 days. Less stressed plants (treated with 7.5 mol m-3 nitrate) were stimulated less by high oxygen tension. Soybeans deprived of light for 4 days were symbiotically inactive and did not respond to raised O2 concentrations. Bacteroids isolated from these plants had lost their autonomous activity but recovered in the presence of succinate, indicating substrate deprivation. The data presented suggest that suboptimal oxygen concentration near the bacteroids is an important factor limiting nitrogenase activity in nitrate-or dark-stressed soybeans.

Metabolite Regulation of Phosphenolpyruvate Carboxylase in Legume Root Nodules

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Woo ◽  
S Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate ◽  
Metabolite Regulation

The effects of metabolic activators and inhibitors on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity were examined at pH 7 in partially purified enzyme from nodules of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus DC. and Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc. Glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate, fructose 1-phosphate, fructose 1,6- bisphosphate and phosphoglycerate stimulated the activity about 2-fold at low (0.5 mM) but not saturating (2.5 mM) PEP concentration. Glc 6-P and fru 6-P were the most effective activators and they increased the affinity of the enzyme for PEP by 2-4-fold. The dicarboxylates, malate, succinate, malonate, 2-oxoglutarate and aspartate inhibited PEPC activity. Malate was the most inhibitory, and strongly inhibited PEPC activity even at saturating PEP concentration. The Ki values for malate were 0.3-0.4 mM for soybean and P. tetragonolobus. However, glc 6-P and fru 6-P alleviated maiate inhibition and increased the Ki values by 11- to 28-fold in these two species. We propose that glc 6-P (fru 6-P) activates PEPC in a feedforward regulation and protects it against feedback inhibition by malate and thus coordinates the supply of photosynthate availability with malate synthesis required by the bacteroids to support symbiotic nitrogen fixation in nodules.

scholarly journals Proteomic and ecophysiological responses of soybean (Glycine max L.) root nodules to Pb and hg stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Affan Baig ◽  
Javed Ahmad ◽  
Rita Bagheri ◽  
Arlene Asthana Ali ◽  
Asma Abdulkareem Al-Huqail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Ecophysiological Responses

Short-term recovery of Bradyrhizobium japonicum during an inoculation process using mineral microgranules

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Fouilleux ◽  
Cécile Revellin ◽  
Gérard Catroux
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Retention Characteristics ◽  
Granule Type ◽  
Commercial Inoculants

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) can be inoculated by delivering inoculant mixed with mineral microgranules to the seedbed. An average decline of 0.61 log units in the number of viable Bradyrhizobium japonicum was found during the 1sth, using available commercial inoculants and granules. These losses were shown to be influenced by inoculant type (peat based, liquid, lyophilized) and granule type. When mixed with granules, a peat-based inoculant was found to be desiccated immediately and subjected to a water potential as low as −170 MPa. Bradyrhizobium japonicum recovery was improved when the moisture content of the granules increased. It was concluded that water suction by granules can subject the bacteria to rapid desiccation and significantly decrease their number. Thus, the nature of inoculant and granular material and their relative water retention characteristics must be taken into account to improve the efficiency of this inoculation process.Key words: Bradyrhizobium japonicum, granular inoculant, inoculation, soybean, survival.

Stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and acetylene reduction rate in soybean genotypes

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Djekoun ◽  
C. Planchon
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Acetylene Reduction Activity ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
Leaf Osmotic Potential ◽  
Glycine Max L

Yield limitation in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) can result from decreases in photosynthesis and N2 fixation during periods of water deficiency. In this study, the relationships among stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and N2 fixation were analyzed in connection with drought tolerance of genotypes. Plants were grown in pots and exposed to field conditions. Carbon dioxide exchange rate was measured by gas analysis and nodule activity by the acetylene reduction method. Leaf water status was determined with a pressure bomb, and nodule water potential and leaf osmotic potential were measured psychrometrically. The differing tolerances of the cultivars Kingsoy and Hodgson to leaf water deficit resulted in a more or less developed ability of the lower side of the leaf to maintain good stomatal conductance during water stress. Stomatal conductance affects photosynthetic rate directly and acetylene reduction activity indirectly. Early stomatal closure, by limiting H2O exchange, contributes to conservation of nitrogenase activity. On the contrary, maintenance of high conductance during a water stress decreases soil water availability and nodule water content, which in turn has a decisive and limiting effect on acetylene reduction activity. Thus, if tolerance at low leaf water potentials associated with osmotic adjustment is an important drought mechanism for maintaining photosynthetic processes under water-limited conditions, the result would be obtained at the expense of symbiotic N2 fixation.Key words: Glycine max L. Merr., nitrogenase activity, photosynthesis, drought stress, soybean

scholarly journals Application of Nitrate, Ammonium, or Urea Changes the Concentrations of Ureides, Urea, Amino Acids and Other Metabolites in Xylem Sap and in the Organs of Soybean Plants (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4573
Author(s):  
Yuki Ono ◽  
Masashige Fukasawa ◽  
Kuni Sueyoshi ◽  
Norikuni Ohtake ◽  
Takashi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Nitrate Treatment ◽  
First Finding ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Ureide Degradation

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants form root nodules and fix atmospheric dinitrogen, while also utilizing the combined nitrogen absorbed from roots. In this study, nodulated soybean plants were supplied with 5 mM N nitrate, ammonium, or urea for 3 days, and the changes in metabolite concentrations in the xylem sap and each organ were analyzed. The ureide concentration in the xylem sap was the highest in the control plants that were supplied with an N-free nutrient solution, but nitrate and asparagine were the principal compounds in the xylem sap with nitrate treatment. The metabolite concentrations in both the xylem sap and each organ were similar between the ammonium and urea treatments. Considerable amounts of urea were present in the xylem sap and all the organs among all the treatments. Positive correlations were observed between the ureides and urea concentrations in the xylem sap as well as in the roots and leaves, although no correlations were observed between the urea and arginine concentrations, suggesting that urea may have originated from ureide degradation in soybean plants, possibly in the roots. This is the first finding of the possibility of ureide degradation to urea in the underground organs of soybean plants.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Symbiotic Diversity of Rhizobia Isolated from Root Nodules of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] in Côte d’Ivoire

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 766-774
Author(s):  
Amani Kouadio ◽  
Konate Ibrahim ◽  
Mako François De Paul N’gbesso ◽  
Attien Yao Paul ◽  
Lassina Fondio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Glycine Max L

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max L.) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN VERMIKOMPOS DAN BIOCHAR DI TANAH ULTISOL

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Elisa Ester Sirait ◽  
Nelvia Nelvia ◽  
Hafiz Fauzana
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The use of organic matter in agricultural production is important in increasing crop production, especially in Ultisols. This study aimed to study the interaction between vermicompost and biochar on the growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) in Ultisols. The research was carried out in the experimental station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, Bina Widya Tampan campus, Pekanbaru from July - September 2018. The research used factorial design form in a completely randomized design. The first factor is vermicompost which consists of 4 levels (doses of 0, 25, 50 and 75 g of polybag-1) while the second factor is biochar consisting of 4 levels (doses of 0, 25, 50 and 75 g of polybag-1) for each combination repeated 4 times. The parameters observed were the number of effective roots, proportion of effective nodules, plant height, number of primary branches, age of plants, age of harvest, proportion of well-fused pods, number of seeds, seed weight and weight of 100 seeds. The results showed that the interaction of vermicompost at a dose of 25 g.polybag-1 following a dose of 50 g.polybag-1 biochar increased the number of effective root nodules, the proportion of effective root nodules, the number of primary branches, the proportion of pithy pods, and accelerated plant age and soybean plant age compared without treatment but not significantly compared to other combinations.Key words : Soybean, vermicompost, biochar

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