Lectins as Cytochemical Probes of the Developing Wheat Grain. IV. Demonstration of Mucilage Containing L-Fucose Associated With Roots in Ungerminated Grain

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Baldo ◽  
AL Reid ◽  
PA Boniface
Keyword(s):  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Ulex Europaeus

Fluorescein-labelled lectins from Ulex europaeus and Lotus tetragonolobus, each with a specific binding affinity for L-fucose, reacted with carbohydrate material in the root cap and surrounding the roots in the embryos of developing wheat grains. The reactions were completely inhibited by preincubation of the lectins with L-fucose and were observed throughout development of the grain from 6 days post-anthesis to physiological maturity 29 days later. These findings provide the first demonstration of the location of L-fucose in the wheat grain. Although a lectin-reactive slime or mucilage containing L-fucose has been studied by others in the roots of germinated cereal grains, particularly maize, our results demonstrate that such a mucilage already occurs around the roots prior to germination.

Lectins as Cytochemical Probes of the Developing Wheat Grain. Ii. Reaction of Wheat-Germ Lectin With the Nucellar Epidermis.

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Baldo ◽  
PA Boniface ◽  
DH Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
Wheat Germ Lectin

Fluorescein-labelled wheat-germ lectin, which has a specific binding affinity for N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, has been shown to react specifically with nucellar epidermal cell walls in frozen and JB-4-embedded sections of developing wheat grain. The reaction was completely inhibited by preincubation of the lectin with diacetylchitobiose or triacetylchitotriose, two sugars known to be good inhibitors of the wheat-germ lectin combining sites. Labelled lectins with different specificities, and labelled non-lectin proteins such as bovine serum albumin, failed to react. Reaction with the nucellar epidermis increased to a maximum at approximately 14 days post anthesis (p.a.) and then progressively declined. At 35 days p.a., clear fluorescence was visible only in the inner crease area. Labelled wheat-germ lectin did not stain the nucellar projection at any stage of the developmental period studied. Treatment of wheat grain sections with chitinase almost completely abolished reactivity between nucellar epidermal cell walls and the lectin. Reactivity was slightly diminished following treatment with cellulase, but hemicellulase and two preparations of �-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase had no effect. These observations indicate the probable presence of a chitin-like structure in nucellar epidermal cell walls, which may be an endogenous saccharide receptor for wheat-germ lectin in developing or germinating wheat grains.

scholarly journals Rationale design and synthesis of some novel imidazole linked thiazolidinone hybrid molecules as DNA minor groove binders

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-132
Author(s):  
Javeed Ahmad War ◽  
Santosh Kumar Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Minor Groove ◽  
Stable Complex ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Hybrid Molecules

A new series of imidazole linked thiazolidinone hybrid molecules was designed and subsequently synthesized through a feasible, three step reaction protocol. The structures of these molecules were established using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS techniques. In vitro susceptibility tests against some Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) exhibited broad spectrum potency of the molecules. The most potent molecule (S2A7) amongst the screened molecules, showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value not less than 2.0 µg/mL which was at par with the reference drug Streptomycin. Structure activity relationships revealed nitro and chloro groups being crucial for bioactivity when present at meta position of arylidene ring in 3-(3-(imidazol-1-yl)propyl)-5-(benzylidene)-2-(phenylimino)thiazolidin-4-one. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)and bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding studies for S2A7 under simulated physiological pH were probed using UV-Visible, fluorescence quenching, gel electrophoresis and molecular docking techniques. These studies established that S2A7 has strong binding affinity towards DNA and binds at the minor groove of DNA with binding constant (Kb) of 0.1287×102 L/mol. Molecular docking simulations of S2A7 with DNA and BSA predicted binding affinity of -9.2 and -7.2 kcal/mol, respectively. Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding interactions were predicted as the main forces of interaction. With DNA, S2A7 exhibited specific binding affinity towards adenine-thiamine base pairs. The compound S2A7 forms a stable complex with BSA by binding at subdomain IIIA implying high bio-distribution of the compound.

A fluorescent probe for butyrylcholinesterase activity in human serum based on a fluorophore with specific binding affinity for human serum albumin

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (97) ◽  
pp. 14574-14577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyeon Yoo ◽  
Min Su Han
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Fluorescent Probe ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Turn On ◽  
High Binding ◽  
Butyrylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
High Binding Affinity

We report a novel turn-on sensing probe for the detection of butyrylcholinesterase activity in human serum using a fluorophore with high binding affinity for HSA.

Response of Chickpea to Nitrogen, and a Comparison of the Factors Affecting Chickpea Seed Yield with those Affecting Wheat Grain Yield

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Bonfil ◽  
M. J. Pinthus
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Adjacent Field

SummaryChickpea yields in Israel are usually considerably lower than wheat yields under comparable conditions. This study aimed to examine the possible yield limiting factors in chickpeas. Increasing the availability of nitrogen during seed development by a pre-sowing application of nitrate or by nitrogen top dressing at the onset of flowering led to an increase in the percentage of nitrogen in the straw but had no significant effect on seed yield. Growth analysis of chickpeas and wheat grown in two adjacent field experiments revealed that during the fruiting period these crops accumulated similar amounts of dry matter. However, the proportion of total wheat dry matter accumulated in the wheat grains was twice the proportion of total chickpea dry matter accumulated in the chickpea seeds. It was concluded that the main intrinisic factor limiting the seed yield of chickpeas is the continuation of vegetative growth during the period of seed development, which reduces the amount of assimilate allocated to the seeds.Los factores restrictivos del rendimiento en el garbanzo

Evaluation of ozonation as a method for mycotoxins degradation in malting wheat grains

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Reinholds ◽  
G. Juodeikiene ◽  
E. Bartkiene ◽  
D. Zadeike ◽  
V. Bartkevics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Triple Quadrupole ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
The Eu

The influence of ozone (O3) gas on reducing the contamination with Fusarium mycotoxins in malting wheat grains was investigated. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) and Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS) were used to determine mycotoxins in wheat grains before and 40 to 130 min after the exposure to 20 mg/l O3. Pearson’s analysis (R2=0.96-0.98) showed a good correlation between the performance efficiency of both mass spectrometry quantification techniques. The concentrations of determined mycotoxins (zearalenone (ZEA): 19.5-459 µg/kg, deoxynivalenol (DON): 3,370-4,620 µg/kg, T-2 toxin: 19.5-35.4 µg/kg, and HT-2 toxin: 258-819 µg/kg) decreased notably, depending on the duration of contact with ozone. A notable elimination of ZEA, HT-2, and T-2 in wheat grain was observed: the content of these compounds was reduced on average by 58.6, 64.6, and 62%, respectively, already after 40 min of ozonation. The effect was less pronounced in the case of DON, for which the average degradation rate reached the maximum of only 25% after 130 min exposure. We conclude that ozonation for up to 130 min was effective for reducing the content of most mycotoxins determined in this study, except for DON, in contaminated grains to concentrations below the acceptable maximum levels in wheat in accordance to the EU regulations.

Macro and micro-mineral profile of feeds, fodders and blood of livestock under farm condition in Mathura district of India

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Prasad Gupta ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Debashis Roy ◽  
Muneendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Cu And Zn

This study was conducted to find out the macro and micro-mineral profile of different feedstuffs and blood mineral profile of bovines in different physiological stages under farm condition in Mathura. Mineral analysis of feeds showed deficiency of Ca, P, Cu and Zn in wheat straw and Na in berseem. The cereal grains were deficient in Ca, Na, Cu and Mn. Maize and sorghum fodders were deficient in Na and Mn content than recommended critical level. Wheat straw, wheat grain, barley grain and mustered cake were deficient in Cu and all feeds contained excess of Fe. Plasma levels of macro (Ca, P and Na) and trace (Fe, Zn, Mn) minerals were above the recommended critical level except Cu. So it may be concluded that supplementation of Cu in the diet of farm animals containing high Fe feed ingredients is important for proper growth and production.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of the binding affinity of poly(ADP-ribose) to specific binding proteins as a function of chain length

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (21) ◽  
pp. e143-e143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Fahrer ◽  
Ramon Kranaster ◽  
Matthias Altmeyer ◽  
Andreas Marx ◽  
Alexander Bürkle
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Specific Binding
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