Control by Indole-3-Acetic Acid of Wood Production in Pinus radiata D. Don Segments in Culture

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Sheriff
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Stem Segments

The effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on stem radius growth, tracheid lumen diameter, and tracheid wall thickness in P. radiata was investigated. Stem segments from trees that normally produce high-density wood and from trees that normally produce low-density wood were grown in vitro at a number of IAA concentrations between 0 and 20 mg l-1. Maximum increase in stem radius and maximum tracheid lumen diameter were found at IAA concentrations of 6-10 mg l-1. Tracheid wall thickness increased approximately linearly as IAA concentration was increased up to 20 mg l-1. Absolute differences in radial stem increase and in cell lumen diameter between the high- and the low-density stems were greatest at IAA concentrations of 4-10 mg l-1. At low or high IAA concentrations, absolute differences between the clones in their stem radial increase and in their tracheid lumen diameter were small. Proportional differences between the clones in these two factors were greatest at IAA concentrations of 10 mg l-1. Clonal differences in the tracheid wall volume per unit stem volume could account for the differences in wood density only at IAA concentrations of 4-10 mg l-1.

scholarly journals The ectopic expression of Arabidopsis glucosyltransferase UGT74D1 affects leaf positioning through modulating indole-3-acetic acid homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanghui Jin ◽  
Bingkai Hou ◽  
Guizhi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Kinase Substrate ◽  
Auxin Distribution ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Photosynthesis Efficiency ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

AbstractLeaf angle is an important agronomic trait affecting photosynthesis efficiency and crop yield. Although the mechanisms involved in the leaf angle control are intensively studied in monocots, factors contribute to the leaf angle in dicots are largely unknown. In this article, we explored the physiological roles of an Arabidopsis glucosyltransferase, UGT74D1, which have been proved to be indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) glucosyltransferase in vitro. We found that UGT74D1 possessed the enzymatic activity toward IAA glucosylation in vivo and its expression was induced by auxins. The ectopically expressed UGT74D1 obviously reduced the leaf angle with an altered IAA level, auxin distribution and cell size in leaf tissues. The expression of several key genes involved in the leaf shaping and leaf positioning, including PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE (PKS) genes and TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, and PCF (TCP) genes, were dramatically changed by ectopic expression of UGT74D1. In addition, clear transcription changes of YUCCA genes and other auxin related genes can be observed in overexpression lines. Taken together, our data indicate that glucosyltransferase UGT74D1 could affect leaf positioning through modulating auxin homeostasis and regulating transcription of PKS and TCP genes, suggesting a potential new role of UGT74D1 in regulation of leaf angle in dicot Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals Effects of Variations in Hormonal Treatments Upon In vitro Regeneration Potential in Embryo Explants of Arenga pinnata

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-503
Author(s):  
Shamsiah Abdullah ◽  
Siti Nurain Roslan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Hormonal Treatments

One of the challenges related to propagation of Arenga pinnata is its lengthy period of seed dormancy. In this study, in vitro regeneration was carried out to determine the effect of hormonal treatment on the embryo explant of Arenga pinnata. Embryos were surface sterilized and cultured into different media supplemented with various hormones concentrations and combinations. Each treatment contained of Kinetin (KN) hormone (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg/l) and in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg/l. The height of plumule and length of radical was observed and recorded. Treatment 8 (3 mg/ml KN + 0.1 mg/ml IAA) showed 59.09% in plumule height increment while treatment 4 (1 mg/ml KN + 0.3 mg/ml IAA) showed the highest radical increments with 93.62%. The knowledge gained in this study consequently helps us to better understand the role of KN and IAA in the in vitro regeneration protocol. Since in vitro method able to produce higher number of in vitro seedlings at one time, it is important to establish the in vitro regeneration protocol for this plant.

Characterization of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthetic pathway in an epiphytic strain of Erwinia herbicola and IAA production in vitro

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 586-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brandi ◽  
E. M. Clark ◽  
S. E. Lindow
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Erwinia Herbicola ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

An epiphytic strain of Erwinia herbicola (strain 299R) synthesized indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) from indole-3-pyruvic acid and indole-3-acetaldehyde, but not from indole-3-acetamide and other intermediates of various IAA biosynthetic pathways in enzyme assays. TLC, HPLC, and GC–MS analyses revealed the presence of indole-3-pyruvic acid, indole-3-ethanol, and IAA in culture supernatants of strain 299R. Indole-3-acetaldehyde was detected in enzyme assays. Furthermore, strain 299R genomic DNA shared no homology with the iaaM and iaaH genes from Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi, even in Southern hybridizations performed under low-stringency conditions. These observations strongly suggest that unlike gall-forming bacteria which can synthesize IAA by indole-3-acetamide, the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway is the primary route for IAA biosynthesis in this plant-associated strain. IAA synthesis in tryptophan-supplemented cultures of strain 299R was over 10-fold higher under nitrogen-limiting conditions, indicating a possible role for IAA production by bacterial epiphytes in the acquisition of nutrients during growth in their natural habitat.Key words: indole-3-acetic acid, Erwinia, tryptophan, indole-3-pyruvic acid, nitrogen.

scholarly journals Effects of sugars on the growth and chlorophyll content in excised tulip stem in the presence of Indole-3-acetic acid

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Węgrzynowicz-Lesiak ◽  
Marian Saniewski ◽  
Justyna Góraj ◽  
Marcin Horbowicz ◽  
Kensuke Miyamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Delayed Senescence ◽  
Sugar Response ◽  
Tulip Bulbs ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Stem Segments

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of sucrose on auxin-induced growth of stem excised from growing tulips and excised directly from cooled and not cooled bulbs, and on the growth of excised IV internode from growing plants in the presence of auxin. In all cases flower bud was replaced by IAA (indole-3- acetic acid, 0.1%, w/w in lanolin) and basal part of excised segments of stem was kept in distilled water or in solution of various sugars at different concentrations. IAA-induced growth of excised stems isolated from growing tulips was inhibited by sucrose at concentrations of 5.0% and 10.0%, but sucrose at 1.25% and 2.5% did not. Sucrose at all concentrations used evidently delayed senescence and increased chlorophyll contents in excised stems in the presence of IAA. Sucrose induced stiffing in isolated stems in the presence of IAA, and much less infective by pathogen in comparison to stem treated with IAA only. Mannitol and sorbitol at concentrations of 5.0% and 10.0% substantially inhibited IAA-induced growth of stem segments. Stem segments excised from cooled and not cooled tulip bulbs were more sensitive than those isolated from growing shoots due to application of sucrose and glucose; more inhibitory effect was observed. Sucrose at concentrations of 5.0% and 10.0% only slightly inhibited growth of IV internode treated with IAA and all concentrations of sucrose (1.25%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0%) substantially increased chlorophyll content. The possible mode of actions of sucrose interacting with auxin to regulate stem growth is also discussed although sugar response is complicated by the fact that plants have multiple sugar-response pathways.

scholarly journals In vitro callus induction of gerbera from leaf explant

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sadia Afrin Jui ◽  
Md. Mijanur Rahman Rajib ◽  
M. Mofazzal Hossain ◽  
Sharmila Rani Mallik ◽  
Iffat Jahan Nur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Leaf Explant ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on leaf explant of Gerbera for callus induction. Various kinds of plant growth regulators such as 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were used to initiate cultures. These were added to Murashige and Skoog medium in different combinations and concentrations. Leaf explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP+ 2, 4-D+ IAA in T4 treatment & BAP+ 2,4-D in T5 treatment showed the best results for callus induction. On the other hand callus was induced early in the combination of BA+ 2,4-D + IAA hormone in T5, T9 & T8 treatment respectively. The rate of callus induction was very low in BA + NAA combinations but it was much earlier.   

scholarly journals Indole-3-Acetic Acid Improves Postharvest Biological Control of Blue Mold Rot of Apple by Cryptococcus laurentii

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Yu ◽  
Jishuang Chen ◽  
Huangping Lu ◽  
Xiaodong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Biocontrol Efficacy ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Cryptococcus laurentii is a well-known postharvest biocontrol yeast; however, it cannot provide satisfactory levels of decay control when used alone. Here, we evaluated the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a plant growth regulator, on the biocontrol efficacy of the yeast antagonist C. laurentii against blue mold rot caused by Penicillium expansum in apple fruit. Results showed that the addition of IAA at 20 μg/ml to suspensions of C. laurentii greatly enhanced inhibition of mold rot in apple wounds compared with that observed with C. laurentii alone. The addition of IAA at 20 μg/ml or lower did not influence the population growth of C. laurentii in wounds, but adverse effects were seen on C. laurentii when the concentration of IAA was increased to 200 μg/ml or above in vitro and in vivo. P. expansum infection in apple wounds was not inhibited when the pathogen was inoculated into the fruit wounds within 2 h after application of IAA; however, infection was reduced when inoculated more than 12 h after IAA application. Treatment of wounds with IAA at 20 μg/ml 24 h before pathogen inoculation resulted in significant inhibition of P. expansum spore germination and host infection. Application of IAA at 20 μg/ml also reduced P. expansum infection when it was applied 48 h before pathogen inoculation in the intact fruit. Thus, IAA could reinforce the biocontrol efficacy of C. laurentii in inhibiting blue mold of apple fruit by induction of the natural resistance of the fruit.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Genista aetnensis [(Raf. ex Biv.)DC]

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 542-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni IAPICHINO ◽  
Marcello AIRÒ ◽  
Emilio LO PRESTI ◽  
Leo SABATINO
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
In Vitro Rooting ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Genista aetnensis [(Raf. ex Biv.)DC] is a large deciduous shrub or small tree native to the Italian islands of Sardinia and Sicily. Being winter hardy and characterized by high plasticity in altitude and ecology, the species is grown in gardens and landscaping, both for flower and for its attractive shape. Genista species are generally propagate by seed or semi-hardwood cuttings. In this report an efficient in vitro technique for propagation of G. aetnensis was investigated. Multiple shoots were induced on nodal segments of a mature plant of Genista aetnensis. The Murashige and Skoog medium, augmented with different concentrations of N-6-benzyladenine either singly or in combination with indole-3-acetic acid, as potential medium for shoot multiplication by nodal segments was tested. In the following experiment equal molar concentrations of four cytokinins (2-isopenthenyladenine, kinetin, zeatin and N-6-benzyladenine) were tested for ability to induce axillary shoot development from single node stem segments. The highest rate of axillary shoot proliferation was induced on the medium supplemented with 0.44 µM BA. Growth regulator requirements for shoot proliferation in G. aetnensis were satisfied by BA alone. Explants were divided, subcultured and continued to proliferate shoots. A proliferation rate of 3.5 shoots per single node explants every four weeks occurred. Seven indole-3-acetic acid concentrations (0, 0.23, 0.45, 0.91, 1.82, 3.64 or 7.29 µM) were tested to determine the optimum conditions for in vitro rooting of microshoots. The highest rooting percentage was obtained with indole-3-acetic acid at 3.64 mM (57%). Eighty percent of the in vitro rooted plantlets were successfully established in soil. This micropropagation system of G. aetnensis based on axillary shoot development from nodal segments followed by in vitro rooting should be preferred for rapid and efficient mass propagation of selected clones and could represent an alternative method to sexual and conventional asexual propagation.

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