Gibberellic Acid-Induced Alpha -Amylase Synthesis in Wheat Aleurone Layers: a Distinction Between Site Saturation and Lag Times.

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Gibson ◽  
LG Paleg
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Saturation Time ◽  
Site Saturation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lag Times ◽  
Amylase Induction ◽  
Aleurone Tissue ◽  
Time Required

We have examined a number of parameters relating to the gibberellic acid (GA3) requirement for the induction process which leads to the formation of �-amylase in wheat aleurone tissue. (1) Over a wide range of hormone concentrations, aleurone tissue was found to produce less �-amylase after hormone withdrawal by washing at a time soon after GA*3 application. (2) The approximate length of this washing-sensitive period was found to vary inversely to the applied GA*3 concentration. (3) Following this early period, a time was found when the response could not be lowered by this same washing procedure which had earlier lowered the response. (4) Separate experiments determined that these results could not be accounted for by variation in the lag/latent period, since the lag period was about the same for a wide range of GA*3 concentrations. To help explain these results we have suggested the term 'site saturation time' which is separate from but intimately involved with the lagllatent period. This term is defined as the time required for the saturation and activation of all sites which ultimately lead to the production of �-amylase. It is suggested that site saturation time must be taken into account when the early events of �-amylase induction are examined.

Gibberellic Acid and Rna Synthesis in Barley Aleurone Layers: Metabolism of rRNA and tRNA and of RNA Containing Polyadenylic Acid Sequences

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
JV Jacobsen ◽  
JA Zwar
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Rrna Synthesis ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Polyadenylic Acid ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trna Species ◽  
Barley Aleurone ◽  
Regulation Of Synthesis ◽  
Amylase Induction

RNA containing polyadenylic acid sequences [poly(A)-RNA] was detected in and isolated from barley aleurone layers. Gibberellic acid (GA3) stimulated the synthesis of this RNA by about 70% over a 16-h period during which amylase induction occurred. The poly(A)-RNA was polydisperse on polyacrylamide gels and the effect of GA3 was to enhance synthesis of poly(A)-RNA species with a wide range of molecular weights. GA3 had no major effects on the synthesis of rRNA, 5 S RNA and tRNA species, and since it also had no effect on levels of total RNA in aleurone, it probably had no effect on RNA breakdown. Furthermore, rRNA synthesis could be essentially stopped with 5-fluorouracil with no effect on amylase synthesis, indicating that synthesis of new ribosomes was unnecessary for normal amylase induction. These results indicate that for amylase synthesis to occur in response to GA3, regulation of synthesis of mRNA but not that of the major species would appear to be necessary.

Microwaves: Application in Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
Anthony S-Y Leong ◽  
David W Gove
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Tissue Fixation ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Dipolar Molecules ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Cryostat Sections

Microwaves (MW) are electromagnetic waves which are commonly generated at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. When dipolar molecules such as water, the polar side chains of proteins and other molecules with an uneven distribution of electrical charge are exposed to such non-ionizing radiation, they oscillate through 180° at a rate of 2,450 million cycles/s. This rapid kinetic movement results in accelerated chemical reactions and produces instantaneous heat. MWs have recently been applied to a wide range of procedures for light microscopy. MWs generated by domestic ovens have been used as a primary method of tissue fixation, it has been applied to the various stages of tissue processing as well as to a wide variety of staining procedures. This use of MWs has not only resulted in drastic reductions in the time required for tissue fixation, processing and staining, but have also produced better cytologic images in cryostat sections, and more importantly, have resulted in better preservation of cellular antigens.

TIME TO THE END OF PRIMARY CONSOLIDATION (EOP) OF SOFT CLAYEY SOILS: CONCERNING THE EFFECT OF ATTERBERG’S LIMIT AND CYCLIC LOADING HISTORY

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (2B) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Trần Thanh Nhàn
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Loading History ◽  
Cyclic Shear ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Primary Consolidation ◽  
Time Required

In order to observe the end of primary consolidation (EOP) of cohesive soils with and without subjecting to cyclic loading, reconstituted specimens of clayey soils at various Atterberg’s limits were used for oedometer test at different loading increments and undrained cyclic shear test followed by drainage with various cyclic shear directions and a wide range of shear strain amplitudes. The pore water pressure and settlement of the soils were measured with time and the time to EOP was then determined by different methods. It is shown from observed results that the time to EOP determined by 3-t method agrees well with the time required for full dissipation of the pore water pressure and being considerably larger than those determined by Log Time method. These observations were then further evaluated in connection with effects of the Atterberg’s limit and the cyclic loading history.

Analysis and Reduction of the Waste in the Work Process Using Time Study Analysis: A Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 971-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Norzaim bin Che Ani ◽  
Siti Aisyah Binti Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unit Of Work ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Impact

Time study is the process of observation which concerned with the determination of the amount of time required to perform a unit of work involves of internal, external and machine time elements. Originally, time study was first starting to be used in Europe since 1760s in manufacturing fields. It is the flexible technique in lean manufacturing and suitable for a wide range of situations. Time study approach that enable of reducing or minimizing ‘non-value added activities’ in the process cycle time which contribute to bottleneck time. The impact on improving process cycle time for organization that it was increasing the productivity and reduce cost. This project paper focusing on time study at selected processes with bottleneck time and identify the possible root cause which was contribute to high time required to perform a unit of work.

scholarly journals Infection Prevention Time Required for Construction and Design at a Large Tertiary-Care Hospital, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s69-s70
Author(s):  
Angie Dains ◽  
Michael Edmond ◽  
Daniel Diekema ◽  
Stephanie Holley ◽  
Oluchi Abosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Class Iv

Background: Including infection preventionists (IPs) in hospital design, construction, and renovation projects is important. According to the Joint Commission, “Infection control oversights during building design or renovations commonly result in regulatory problems, millions lost and even patient deaths.” We evaluated the number of active major construction projects at our 800-bed hospital with 6.0 IP FTEs and the IP time required for oversight. Methods: We reviewed construction records from October 2018 through October 2019. We classified projects as active if any construction occurred during the study period. We describe the types of projects: inpatient, outpatient, non–patient care, and the potential impact to patient health through infection control risk assessments (ICRA). ICRAs were classified as class I (non–patient-care area and minimal construction activity), class II (patients are not likely to be in the area and work is small scale), class III (patient care area and work requires demolition that generates dust), and class IV (any area requiring environmental precautions). We calculated the time spent visiting construction sites and in design meetings. Results: During October 2018–October 2019, there were 51 active construction projects with an average of 15 active sites per week. These sites included a wide range of projects from a new bone marrow transplant unit, labor and delivery expansion and renovation, space conversion to an inpatient unit to a project for multiple air handler replacements. All 51 projects were classified as class III or class IV. We visited, on average, 4 construction sites each week for 30 minutes per site, leaving 11 sites unobserved due to time constraints. We spent an average of 120 minutes weekly, but 450 minutes would have been required to observe all 15 sites. Yearly, the required hours to observe these active construction sites once weekly would be 390 hours. In addition to the observational hours, 124 hours were spent in design meetings alone, not considering the preparation time and follow-up required for these meetings. Conclusions: In a large academic medical center, IPs had time available to visit only a quarter of active projects on an ongoing basis. Increasing dedicated IP time in construction projects is essential to mitigating infection control risks in large hospitals.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Enabling Agile Clinical and Translational Data Warehousing: Platform Development and Evaluation (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Spengler ◽  
Claudia Lang ◽  
Tanmaya Mahapatra ◽  
Ingrid Gatz ◽  
Klaus A Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Iterative Refinement ◽  
Cloud Infrastructure ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Loading ◽  
Time Required

BACKGROUND Modern data-driven medical research provides new insights into the development and course of diseases and enables novel methods of clinical decision support. Clinical and translational data warehouses, such as Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) and tranSMART, are important infrastructure components that provide users with unified access to the large heterogeneous data sets needed to realize this and support use cases such as cohort selection, hypothesis generation, and ad hoc data analysis. OBJECTIVE Often, different warehousing platforms are needed to support different use cases and different types of data. Moreover, to achieve an optimal data representation within the target systems, specific domain knowledge is needed when designing data-loading processes. Consequently, informaticians need to work closely with clinicians and researchers in short iterations. This is a challenging task as installing and maintaining warehousing platforms can be complex and time consuming. Furthermore, data loading typically requires significant effort in terms of data preprocessing, cleansing, and restructuring. The platform described in this study aims to address these challenges. METHODS We formulated system requirements to achieve agility in terms of platform management and data loading. The derived system architecture includes a cloud infrastructure with unified management interfaces for multiple warehouse platforms and a data-loading pipeline with a declarative configuration paradigm and meta-loading approach. The latter compiles data and configuration files into forms required by existing loading tools, thereby automating a wide range of data restructuring and cleansing tasks. We demonstrated the fulfillment of the requirements and the originality of our approach by an experimental evaluation and a comparison with previous work. RESULTS The platform supports both i2b2 and tranSMART with built-in security. Our experiments showed that the loading pipeline accepts input data that cannot be loaded with existing tools without preprocessing. Moreover, it lowered efforts significantly, reducing the size of configuration files required by factors of up to 22 for tranSMART and 1135 for i2b2. The time required to perform the compilation process was roughly equivalent to the time required for actual data loading. Comparison with other tools showed that our solution was the only tool fulfilling all requirements. CONCLUSIONS Our platform significantly reduces the efforts required for managing clinical and translational warehouses and for loading data in various formats and structures, such as complex entity-attribute-value structures often found in laboratory data. Moreover, it facilitates the iterative refinement of data representations in the target platforms, as the required configuration files are very compact. The quantitative measurements presented are consistent with our experiences of significantly reduced efforts for building warehousing platforms in close cooperation with medical researchers. Both the cloud-based hosting infrastructure and the data-loading pipeline are available to the community as open source software with comprehensive documentation. CLINICALTRIAL

40 Years Trajectory of Amorphous Semiconductor Research

2000 ◽  
Vol 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Hamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Amorphous Semiconductor ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Heterojunction Solar Cells ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTA review is given on a research trajectory of amorphous and microcrystalline semiconductors and their device applications proceeded since 1970. A brief explanation on the motivation to start amorphous semiconductor research is given to produce a new kind of synthetic semiconductor having continuous energy gap controllability with valency electron controllability through our experience of modulation spectroscopy in semiconductors.The first material we have challenged is Si-As-Te chalcogenide semiconductor which has a very wide vitreous region in Gibb's Triangle. A series of systematic experiments has been carried out in the terrestrial environment since 1971, and also within the TT-500A rocket experiment in 1980, and the Spacelab. J experiments FMPT (First Material Processing Test) project in 1992. The second material is hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and its alloys started in 1976 just after the Garmisch Partenkirchen ICALS-6. With some basic research on the a-Si:H film deposition technology and film quality improvement, our continuous effort to improve the efficiency bore the tandem type solar cells in 1979, and also new products of a-SiC:H and a-SiGe:H in the early period of 1980s are described. These innovative device structures and materials have bloomed in the middle of 1980s in R & D phase such as a-SiC/a-Si heterojunction solar cells, a-Si/a-SiGe and also a-Si/poly-Si tandem type solar cells, and industrialized in recent few years. New kind of trials on full-color thin film light emitting devices has also been recently initiated with wide range of band gap controllability of a-SiC:H.The third material is microcrystalline silicon (µc-Si) and their alloys which gathers a tremendous R & D effort as a promised candidate for the bottom cell of the a-Si/µc-Si tandem solar cells aimed for the all-round plasma CVD process for the next age thin film photovoltaic devices. In the final part of presentation, a brief discussion will be given on a technological evolution from “bulk crystalline age” to “multilayered thin film age” in the semiconductor optoelectronics toward 21 century.

Discrete modular system for automation of radioimmunoassay of serum choriomammotropin.

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L Hammond ◽  
P Leinonen ◽  
R Vihko
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Present System ◽  
Modular Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Assay Precision ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Glycol Solution ◽  
Remaining Time

Abstract We describe a discrete automated radioimmunoassay system for determining choriomammotropin (placental lactogen) in human serum. With the present system it can be measured in as many as 37 unknown sera (50 muL) and three quality-control sera, in duplicate, within 1.5 h. The time required for sample preparation, incubation (15 min), and separation of free and bound radioactivities (a 150 mL/L polyethylene glycol solution is superior to a twofold volume of absolute ethanol) is less than 45 min. The remaining time required is for counting and data processing. Intra-assay precision is 4.6% (CV). The modular approach endows the instrumentation with much flexibility, and consequently is suitable for automation of a wide range of assay protocols.

Low Temperature-Induced GA3 Sensitivity of Wheat. IV. Comparison of Low Temperature Effects on the Phospholipids of Aleurone Tissue of Dwarf and Tall Wheat

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
SP Singh ◽  
LG Paleg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Aleurone Tissue ◽  
Close Temporal Relationship

Low temperature effects on the phospholipids of F6 Rht 3/rht 3 isogenic lines of wheat were studied. Significant low-temperature-induced (5°C) augmentation in the phospholipids of the dwarf selection were detected. More specifically, a 20 h-5°C preincubation enhanced considerably the levels of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the aleurone tissue of the dwarf selection. In addition, these changes displayed a very close temporal relationship with the low- temperature-induced increase in gibberellic acid (GA3) sensitivity. In the case of the tall selection, only the imbibition of water was required to initiate the synthesis of major phospholipids of its aleurone tissue and low temperature preincubation had no effect on either the phospholipids or their fatty acid constituents. These results are discussed in the light of the hypotheses that GA3 receptor sites are membrane-based lipids and that the Rht gene causes an aberration in the phospholipid metabolism of the aleurone tissue which can be corrected by low temperature.

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