Fruit Set in Lupinus angustifolius Cv. Unicrop. II. Assimilate Flow During Flowering and Early Fruiting

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Pate ◽  
P Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Using Data ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Stem Leaf

Assimilate distribution in Lupinus angustifolius was studied during 7 weeks after emergence of the main inflorescence by feeding [14C]urea to a single leaf or group of leaves on a plant and measuring 14C in plant parts 24 h after feeding. Nine times of feeding were involved, each with 14C treatments encompassing leaves of the main stem and first-order laterals. The inflorescence was a minor sink for assimilates compared with root, main stem and developing lateral shoots. During the first 4 weeks the inflorescence relied on main stem leaves, especially the upper leaves, but in the fifth week leaves of upper laterals became principal sources of assimilates. The transition occurred after four to six basal fruits had set, and just as upper flowers were commencing to abscise. Estimates were made of transfer of photosynthetically fixed carbon from the uppermost main stem leaf to the inflorescence, using data on carbon dioxide exchange and changes in carbon content of this leaf and its translocatory commitment to the inflorescence as determined by 14C feeding. Assimilate flow from leaves to flowers was confined largely to organs of the same or adjacent orthostichies (2/5 phyllotaxis), but these affinities became less definite during fruiting. Import of 14C by reproductive units was related to phenology, position on an inflorescence, and accumulation of dry matter. All flowers attracted assimilates strongly at the bud stage but lost sink strength progressively after opening. Upper flowers destined to abscise failed to import assimilates or to bleed from phloem for several days before being shed. Lower flowers which set fruits showed a rapid resurgence of sink strength once their corollas had senesced and the young fruits had commenced to elongate.

Characteristics of the canopy, root system and grain yield of a crop of Lupinus angustifolius cv. Unicrop

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
EAN Greenwood ◽  
P Farrington ◽  
JD Beresford
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Parts

The time course of development of a lupin crop was studied at Bakers Hill, Western Australia. The aim was to gain insight into the crop factors influencing yield. Weekly measurements were made of numbers and weights of plant parts, and profiles of roots, leaf area and light interception. A profile of carbon dioxide in the crop atmosphere was taken at the time of maximum leaf area, and the net carbon dioxide exchange (NCE) of pods was estimated for three successive weeks. The crop took 10 weeks to attain a leaf area index (LAI) of 1 and a further 9 weeks to reach a maximum LAI of 3.75, at which time only 33% of daylight reached the pods on the main axis. Once the maximum LAI was attained at week 19, leaf fall accelerated and rapid grain filling commenced almost simultaneously on all of the three orders of axes which had formed pods. Measurements of NCE between pods on the main axis and the air suggest that the assimilation of external carbon dioxide by the pods contributed little to grain filling. Grain dry weight was 2100 kg ha-1 of which 30%, 60% and 10% came from the main axis, first and second order apical axes respectively. Only 23% of the flowers set pods and this constitutes an important physiological limitation to grain yield.

scholarly journals Impact of residence altitude on readmission in patients with heart failure

Open Heart ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e000865
Author(s):  
Makoto Saito ◽  
Manami Yamaoka ◽  
Mayuri Ohzawa ◽  
Emi Tominaga ◽  
Kayo Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
A Minor

ObjectiveMountain districts normally have tougher geographic conditions than plain districts, which might worsen heart failure (HF) conditions in patients. Also, those places frequently are associated with social problems of ageing, underpopulation and fewer medical services, which might cause delay in detection of disease progression and require more admissions. We investigated the association of residence altitude with readmission in patients with HF.MethodsWe followed 452 patients with HF to determine all-cause readmissions over a median of 1.1 years. The altitude of patient residences, population, proportion of the elderly and number of hospitals or clinics in a minor administrative district (Cho-Aza district) located at the residences were examined using data from the 2010 census and Google Maps.ResultsAll-cause readmissions were observed in 269 (60%) patients. The altitude of ≥200  m was significantly associated with readmissions (HR, 1.49; 95 % CI 1.12 to 1.96; p=0.006) after adjustment for physical and haemodynamic parameters, left ventricular ejection fraction, brain natriuretic peptide and components of the established score for predicting readmission for HF. Altitude was significantly associated with ageing, underpopulation, fewer hospitals or clinics and lower temperature (all p<0.01), with an increased tendency for readmission during the winter season; however, it was not associated with patient clinical parameters.ConclusionsHigh altitude residence may be an important predictor for readmission in patients with HF. This relationship may be confounded by unfavourable sociogeographic conditions at higher altitudes.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of invasive alien species Parthenium hysterophorus L. on seed germination of paddy and wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Binita Shrestha ◽  
Chandra Bahadur Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Stem Leaf

The invasive species are the major cause of crop loss, across the globe, mainly due to their allelopathic effects on the growth of crop plants. In this study, we explored the allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus on germination of two major cereal crops of Nepal, Rice (Oryza sativa) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum). The experiment was conducted at laboratory of Department of Botany, Prithivi Narayan Campus, Pokhara, Nepal during 2017. In laboratory, seeds of rice and wheat were treated with aqueous extracts of P. hysterophorus plant parts viz. root, stem, leaf, inflorescence and whole plant with concentration of 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design (CRD) in a factorial arrangement with three replicates of each test. The result suggests that the effect was more on wheat than on rice. The maximum inhibition in seed germination of rice was recorded by the inflorescence extract however, in wheat seed germination was inhibited by leaf extract. In both rice and wheat, roots were highly affected than shoots because root first encounters the toxic allelochemicals and absorbs it. The highest concentration (20%) of leaf, inflorescence and whole plant extract was found to be most pernicious whereas root and stem were recorded to have little effects.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEED CONE OF DOUGLAS-FIR FOLLOWING DORMANCY

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Owens ◽  
Frank H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
Cycle Growth ◽  
Seed Cone ◽  
Lateral Shoots

Development of the megasporangiate cone during the period of enlargement and maturation following dormancy is described in detail. This work, in conjunction with the early development previously described, provides a complete description of the 17 month developmental cycle. Growth of the megasporangiate cone is resumed in early March near Corvallis, Oregon, and the cone buds burst about 1 month later. The cone elongates rapidly by intercalary growth. Bracts enlarge but the shape of the bract established prior to dormancy is essentially maintained. The scale assumes a spoon-shaped appearance as a result of a form of marginal growth. Vascularization, and development of other tissues within the bract and scale, indicates that bracts are homologous to leaves and basically similar in structure, but scales are highly modified fertile lateral shoots. Each bract is supplied by a single leaf trace and each scale by two separate branch traces. The seed wings differentiate from adaxial surface layers of each scale. A large zone of macrosclereids differentiates in the basal abaxial portion of the scale. The cone reaches its maximum size early in July and maturation of tissues occurs in July and August, and is generally complete early in September. Cone opening results from drying and shrinkage of the macrosclereids at the base of the scale.

Responses of Subterranean Clover Communities to Temperature. I. Dry Matter Production and Plant Morphogenesis

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Fukai ◽  
JH Silsbury
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Leaf Appearance

Subterranean clover communities were grown in temperature-controlled naturally lit glasshouses at 15, 20, 25 and 30�C. Dry matter yield, leaf area and the distribution of dry matter between plant parts were determined at about 14-day intervals for up to 130 days from planting. Leaf appearance, leaf death, leaf number and growth of laterals were observed for individual plants in the community over a similar time period. A logistic growth curve was found for each temperature and crop growth rate calculated from the equation fitted for each growth curve. The optimum temperature for growth was relatively high (20-25°C) when plants were young, but decreased during growth so that after 100 days total dry matter was inversely related to temperature over the range 15-30°C. Both the rate of leaf appearance and the rate of leaf death on the main stem were constant at each temperature during the experimental period and were directly related to temperature. The number of leaves per unit ground area was determined mainly by the rates of leaf appearance and leaf death on the main stem, since the contribution of laterals was small. The proportion of stem and petiole to total dry matter increased, and that of green leaf lamina decreased, with increase in total dry matter. Neither was markedly affected by temperature. An inverse relationship between specific leaf area and temperature resulted in a lower ratio of leaf area to total dry matter at 15°C compared with that at 20, 25 or 30°C.

The narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) as a nitrogen-fixing rotation crop for cereal production. I. Indices of nitrogen fixation

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Herridge
Keyword(s):  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Xylem Exudate ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Rhizobium Lupini ◽  
Nitrate Supply ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Rotation Crop

Experiments to develop indices of N2 fixation activity for the narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) are reported. In Experiment 1 Unicrop narrow-leafed lupins were inoculated at sowing with effective Rhizobium lupini WU425. The conversion factor relating C2H2 reduction to N2 fixation was not constant throughout growth but increased from 0.9 (50-60 day period) to 6.6 (110-120 days). A nodulation index [(nodule wt/shoot wt) x 100], developed to account for plant size, declined with increasing nitrate supply and with increasing plant age. However, minor shifts in the nodulation index represented large shifts in plant dependence on N2 fixation (p), when plants were 60-100% dependent on N2 fixation. Concentrations of nitrate in extracts of the shoot axes and nodulated roots increased with increasing nitrate supply. Although the presence of nitrate in the rooting medium was evidenced by its presence in xylem exudate, the relationship between nitrate supply and the nitrate contents of xylem exudate was generally poor. Functions were developed to describe the relationships between the nodulation index and p, and between both shoot and root nitrate and p. Other experiments highlighted the synchrony of nitrate supply and its appearance in root tissues and the lack of diurnal fluctuations in nitrate concentrations of plant parts.

Concerning the Measurement and Magnitude of Heat, Water Vapor, and Carbon Dioxide Exchange from a Semiarid Grassland

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 982-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G. Alfieri ◽  
Peter D. Blanken ◽  
David Smith ◽  
Jack Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Turbulent Fluxes ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Seasonal Behavior ◽  
Eddy Diffusivities ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Grassland environments constitute approximately 40% of the earth’s vegetated surface, and they play a key role in a number of processes linking the land surface with the atmosphere. To investigate these linkages, a variety of techniques, including field and modeling studies, are required. Using data collected at the Central Plains Experimental Range (CPER) in northeastern Colorado from 25 March to 10 November 2004, this study compares two common ways of measuring turbulent fluxes of latent heat, sensible heat, and carbon dioxide in the field: the eddy covariance (EC) and Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) methods. The turbulent fluxes measured by each of these methods were compared in terms of magnitude and seasonal behavior and were combined to calculate eddy diffusivities and examine turbulent transport. Relative to the EC method, the BREB method tended to overestimate the magnitude of the sensible heat, latent heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes. As a result, substantial differences in both the diurnal pattern and long-term magnitudes of the water and carbon budgets were apparent depending on which method was used. These differences arise from (i) the forced closure of the surface energy balance and (ii) the assumption of similarity between the eddy diffusivities required by the BREB method. An empirical method was developed that allows the BREB and EC datasets to be reconciled; this method was tested successfully using data collected at the CPER site during 2005. Ultimately, however, the BREB and EC methods show important differences that must be recognized and taken into account when analyzing issues related to the energy, water, or carbon cycles.

scholarly journals Heat budget contribute rate in the Three Gorges Reservoir tributary bay between mainstream and tributary using stable isotope analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Cheng ◽  
Yuchun Wang ◽  
Huaidong Zhou ◽  
Mingming Hu ◽  
Rong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
Heat Budget ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
The Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
The Three Gorges ◽  
Using Data ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Understanding the interaction processes between the mainstream and its tributaries and detailing the rates of contribution of water and heat from two different water bodies in the tributary bay are essential for water management in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). The stable isotope ratios of hydrogen (δD) and oxygen (δ18O) were applied to explore the interactions between the TGR mainstream and the tributary, Zhuyi River. A heat budget of the TGR tributary bay was constructed for the year 2014 using data for water temperature, meteorological data and water mixing ratio. The results showed that approximately 91% of the water in the tributary bay was from the TGR mainstream. And the heat budget reveals that the tributary bay net heat flux is dominated by the mainstream advective heat, and the average contribution rate is 87% during the whole year, while the tributary advective heat and atmosphere make a minor contribution to the tributary bay heat budget.

scholarly journals Tetra-n-butylammonium orotate monohydrate: knowledge-based comparison of the results of accurate and lower-resolution analyses and a non-routine disorder refinement

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1632-1637
Author(s):  
Irene Ara ◽  
Zeineb Basdouri ◽  
Larry R. Falvello ◽  
Mohsen Graia ◽  
Pablo Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Temperature Structure ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Molecular Salt

The title hydrated molecular salt (systematic name: tetra-n-butylammonium 2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylate monohydrate), C16H36N+·C5H3N2O4 −·H2O, crystallizes with N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen-bonded double-stranded antiparallel ribbons consisting of the hydrophilic orotate monoanions and water molecules, separated by the bulky hydrophobic cations. The hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of the structure are joined by weaker non-classical C—H...O hydrogen bonds. An accurate structure analysis conducted at T = 100 K is compared to a lower-resolution less accurate determination using data measured at T = 295 K. The results of both analyses are evaluated using a knowledge-based approach, and it is found that the less accurate room-temperature structure analysis provides geometric data that are similar to those derived from the accurate low-temperature analysis, with both sets of results consistent with previously analyzed structures. A minor disorder of one methyl group in the cation at low temperature was found to be slightly more complex at room temperature; while still involving a minor fraction of the structure, the disorder at room temperature was found to require a non-routine treatment, which is described in detail.

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