Male Sterility in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Induced by Low Night Temperature. II. Genotypic Differences in Sensitivity

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Brooking
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Quantitative Response

Three genotypes of sorghum grown in controlled environments were compared for low temperature sensitivity during the leptotene stage of microsporogenesis. Treatment regimes imposed during this period were 21°C day and 14,11, 8 or 5°C night. A known sensitive hybrid (CK60 × Tx415) showed progressive reduction in pollen proline level, percentage starched pollen, and seed set with decreasing night temperature, indicating that sterility induction was a quantitative response to night temperature. The line 606, deveIoped at high altitudes in Mexico, was fertile under all treatment regimes. The hybrid CK60 × 606 was intermediate in response for pollen fertility, but pollen fertility was still sufficient to enable near complete seed set in all treatments. Factors considered important in breeding grain sorghums with low-temperature-tolerant microsporogenesis are discussed.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Fertility Transition Response to the Cumulative Effective Low Temperature in a Two-Line Male Sterile Rice Cultivar

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linxuan Wu ◽  
Huazhen Rong ◽  
Chun Chen ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Jiafeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Male Sterile

Abstract Background Photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) rice (Oryza sativa L.) is usually considered two-line male sterile rice because of its dual-purpose in two-line hybrid rice system: under short days and low temperatures, it is fertile and used for self-propagation, but under long days and high temperatures, it is sterile and used for hybrid seed production. Therefore, photoperiod and temperature conditions are extremely important for the fertility transition of two-line male sterile rice. In recent years, there have been frequent occurrences of abnormally low-temperature (ALT) resulting in failure of two-line hybrid rice seed production. The daily average temperature (DAT) during ALT events is sometimes higher than the critical sterility-inducing temperature (CSIT) of two-line male sterile rice, of which the night temperature is lower than the CSIT. DAT has been traditionally used as the single indicator of pollen fertility transition, but it is unknown why the fertility of two-line male sterile rice in seed production restored fertility under ALT conditions. Results For Hang93S (H93S), a newly released PTGMS line, we hypothesized fertility transition is determined mainly by the cumulative effective low temperature (ELT) and only a certain duration of low temperature is required every day during the fertility-sensitive period. This study simulated ALTs where the DAT was higher than the CSIT while some segments of night temperature were lower than the CSIT. The results showed H93S exhibited a fertility transition to varying degrees. Moreover, fertility was restored under simulated ALT conditions and pollen fertility increased with increasing cumulative ELT, indicating that the fertility transition was affected primarily by the cumulative ELT. Results also indicated that pollen fertility increased as the number of treatment days increased. Conclusions The fertility transition is caused mainly by the cumulative ELT. In two-line male sterile rice breeding, the effects of day length, ALT at night, and continuous response days should be considered together. The present study provides new insight into fertility transition so breeders can more effectively utilize the two-line male sterile rice, H93S, in breeding programs.

Accumulation of free proline in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) pollen

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Lansac ◽  
C. Y. Sullivan ◽  
B. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Proline Concentration ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Suboptimal temperatures cause grain yield reductions generally associated with low seed-set in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Low proline concentration in pollen has been associated with cold-induced male sterility. This study was done to (i) determine free proline concentrations in grain sorghum pollen after low temperature exposure, (ii) determine the relationship between seed-set and proline concentration in pollen, and (iii) determine the association of proline concentration in pollen with grain yield in sorghums of different maturity. Eleven sorghum genotypes, grown in a greenhouse at 27/22 °C (day/night) until the early boot stage were transferred to 20/10 °C in growth chamber until physiological maturity. Concentration of proline in pollen was determined at anthesis and related to seed number and grain yield. Proline concentrations in pollen increased from 19 to 36 μg∙mg−1 fresh wt. to 30 to 49 μg∙mg−1 fresh wt. at low temperatures. Seed number and grain yield were reduced by low temperature in most of the genotypes. Percent seed-set in male sterile lines was significantly correlated (r = 0.45**) with free proline concentrations in the pollen from 13 fertile hybrids grown under cold or control conditions. Higher concentrations of proline in pollen under cool and also control temperatures seemingly contribute to greater pollen viability in grain sorghum. In 21 sorghum hybrids grown under control temperatures, seed number per panicle was found correlated (r = 0.42*) to free proline concentrations in pollen. Genotypic differences in pollen proline concentration were not associated with differences between maturity groups. Keywords: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, pollen, free proline, low temperatures, seed-set, grain yield.

scholarly journals Inheritance of fertility restoration of A4 cytoplasm in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jorben ◽  
S. P. Singh ◽  
C. Tara Satyavathi ◽  
S. Mukesh Sankar ◽  
Jayant S. Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Duplicate Genes ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Regional Centre ◽  
Fertility Restorers ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

Present investigation was carried out to study the mode of inheritance of fertility restoration for A4 cytoplasm using pollen fertility and seed set per cent as criterion in determining the fertile and sterile plants. Two CMS lines of A4 cytoplasm were crossed with two fertility restorers generating four F1 crosses, namely, ICMA 99111 x PPMI 1003, ICMA 99111 x PPMI 1087, ICMA 03999 x PPMI 1003 and ICMA 03999 x PPMI 1087, their F2s and backcross generations. All the F1s were completely fertile indicating complete fertility restoration. F2s and backcross generations were evaluated at IARI, New Delhi and IARI Regional Centre, Dharwad during summer 2017 and χ 2 test was applied to test the significance. At both the locations, all the F2 segregating populations fit well into a Mendelian ratio of 15:1 indicating digenic duplicate dominance of fertility restoring genes with χ 2 value of 0.82, 2.90, 0.04, 3.97, 4.86, 4.98, 0.02, 1.26, 3.15, 4.98, 3.15 and 0.02. The F2 hypothesis was verified with the observed frequency of segregating plants fitting well into 3:1 ration with χ 2 value of 5.45, 1.93, 4.93, 0.60, 2.83, 0.44, 4.94, 2.77, 3.33, 0.13, 4.08 and 1.51. It is further confirmation of the findings that fertility restoration is indeed governed by two duplicate genes. Association between pollen fertility and seed set per cent was significant and positive.

The effect of temperature stress on grain development in wheat

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Asana ◽  
RF Williams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Stable Characteristic

Experiments were conducted in controlled environments to determine the effects of high temperatures on grain development and yield in wheat. Two Australian and three Indian cultivars of wheat were exposed, from a week after anthesis until maturity, to "day" temperatures of 25, 28, and 3l°C, and "night" temperatures of 9 and 12°C. There was a mean reduction in yield of 16%' for the 6° rise in day temperature, but the cultivars did not differ significantly in their response to these temperatures. There were no significant effects of night temperature on grain weight, but stem weight was less at 12°C. Senescence was hastened only slightly by high day temperature, and there were no differential effects between cultivars in this respect.In a subsidiary experiment one Indian and five Australian cultivars were subjected to three day-night temperature regimes (24/19°, 27/22°, and 30/25°C). Highly significant but complex interactions were established between temperature regime and cultivar. A growth analysis for the Australian cultivars Ridley and Diadem indicated that the developing grain of Ridley had a greater capacity for growth than that of Diadem from the earliest stage. This, together with the confirmation of grain size as a very stable characteristic for all the varieties, points to the developmental and synthetic activity of the grain as an important determinant of grain yield. The relevance of this study to the production of wheat in India is briefly discussed.

Importance of anther dehiscence for low-temperature tolerance in rice at the young microspore and flowering stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuziana Susanti ◽  
Peter Snell ◽  
Shu Fukai ◽  
Jaquie H. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Low Temperature Exposure

Low temperature, particularly during the reproductive stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.), leads to reduced fertility and yield and is a major constraint faced in temperate rice ecology. The floral trait anther dehiscence length has not been quantified in relation to low-temperature tolerance in rice. Two controlled-temperature glasshouse experiments evaluated 120 genotypes from BC1F6 recombinant inbred lines when exposed to low air temperature at the booting (young microspore) and flowering stages. Genotypic differences existed for spikelet sterility (SS) after low-temperature exposure at booting and flowering stages, and a significant positive correlation (R2=0.22**) was found between SS of individual genotypes at booting and flowering stages. Number of dehisced anthers had the highest correlation with SS, and accounted for 58% and 44% of variation in SS with exposure to low temperature at booting and flowering, respectively. Anther dehiscence length and number of dehisced anthers were highly correlated (r=0.90**). After low-temperature exposure at booting, pollen number in the anther as well as the pollen’s capacity to germinate effectively further differentiated low-temperature-tolerant and -susceptible genotypes. Positive relationships (r=0.56** and 0.46*) between SS in the glasshouse and in field experiments in 2015 and 2016 seasons, respectively, provided validation of the phenotypic glasshouse screening methods utilised for low-temperature tolerance in relation to target production environments. This repeatable phenotyping system in combination with improved understanding of underlying floral traits will lead to increased efficiency in breeding for low-temperature tolerance in rice.

Molecular mapping of the rf1 gene for pollen fertility restoration in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

2001 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1206-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Klein ◽  
P. E. Klein ◽  
A. K. Chhabra ◽  
J. Dong ◽  
S. Pammi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Flowering in Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis). 1. Studies in controlled environments

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Critical Daylength ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Lower Light ◽  
Main Factor

The flowering of seven selections of Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis HBK) representing a range of maturity types has been studied in the Canberra phytotron. Daylength is the main factor controlling flowering in these selections, all of which showed a strong short day response. At normal temperatures the maximum daylengths at which all plants flowered (the critical daylengths) were 13 hours for the early, 12 hours for the midseason and late-midseason, and 11 1/2 hours for the late selections. However, the midseason selections did flower in a 12 1/2-hour daylength if the light intensity of the supplementary illumination was 20 or 5 ft.c. instead of the normal 50 ft.c. The response of the other selections was not altered at the lower light intensities. Both high night temperature and low day temperature delayed or inhibited flower initiation in the early and midseason selections and these effects were greater at a critical daylength.

Temperature Regulation of the Development of Frost Hardiness in Pinus radiata D. Don

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Greer
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Hardening Treatment

The development of frost hardiness in seedlings of P. radiata was followed using a photoperiod of 9 h and a constant day temperature of 12°C. The seedlings were preconditioned to a night temperature of 6.5°C for 35 days and 4°C for 7 days. The temperature was then reduced to -4°C for 66 days in one hardening treatment (designated 12/-4°C) and to 3°C for 136 days in another (designated 12/3°C). At the end of those periods, the night temperature was increased back to 6.5°C for a further 15 days. Frost hardiness was determined at regular intervals by exposing the seedlings to a series of artificial frosts. During the low temperature regime, frost hardiness developed continuously in seedlings from both treatments, from -5 to -9.5°C in the 12/3°C treatment and to -16.5°C in the 12/-4°C treatment. The rate of development of frost hardiness was constant at constant temperatures. Using a temperature response model, specific rates of hardening were estimated for both this and an earlier experiment, and found to be approximately linear against temperature. The analysis establishes that temperature controls the hardening process of P. radiata by regulating the rate of development of frost hardiness. Frost hardiness was also shown to be related to thermal time. Before this relationship could be useful in predicting frost hardiness of field-grown seedlings, the relative contribution of the photoperiod-induced and temperature-induced hardening in natural environments needs to be more clearly defined.

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