A Carbohydrate-Binding Arabinogalactan-Protein From Liquid Suspension Cultures of Endosperm From Lolium multiflorum

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Anderson ◽  
AE Clarke ◽  
MA Jermyn ◽  
RB Knox ◽  
BA Stone
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Arabinogalactan Protein ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Liquid Suspension ◽  
Artificial Antigen ◽  
Lima Beans ◽  
Protein Portion

Water-soluble arabinogalactan-proteins have been isolated from tissue-cultured rye grass endosperm cells and their culture medium by precipitation with the β-glucosyl Yariv artificial antigen. The intracellular and extracellular polymers are similar in composition and molecular size (apparent mol. wt 2.2 — 2.8 × 105). The protein portion represents up to 7% of the molecule and is rich in hydroxyproline, alanine and serine. The carbohydrate portion (84%) consists solely of arabinose (36%) and galactose (64%) and methylation analysis shows it to be a branched 1,3 : 1,6-galactan substituted by arabinofuranosyl residues. The carbohydrate compositions and methylation analyses for polymers precipitated by the β-glucosyl Yariv antigen from lima beans, cashew, tomato, silver beet and asparagus and an arabinogalactan-peptide from wheat endosperm are compared. As a group, they show homologies both in their peptide and polysaccharide portions. A histochemical method, based on precipitation with the β-glucosyl Yariv antigen, showed the binding polymers to be localized in discrete irregular vesicles in the tissue-cultured rye grass endosperm cells. Native rye grass endosperm cells show staining between starch granules, and staining is also seen in the aleurone cells of barley, wheat and rye grass.

scholarly journals Characterization of the hydroxyproline-rich protein core of an arabinogalactan-protein secreted from suspension-cultured Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass) endosperm cells

1989 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Gleeson ◽  
M McNamara ◽  
R E H Wettenhall ◽  
B A Stone ◽  
G B Fincher
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Arabinogalactan Protein ◽  
Myeloma Protein ◽  
Protein Core ◽  
Liquid Suspension ◽  
Peptide Component ◽  
Immunodominant Epitopes

An arabinogalactan-protein (AGP) purified from the filtrate of liquid-suspension-cultured Italian-ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) endosperm cells by affinity chromatography on myeloma protein J539-Sepharose was deglycosylated with trifluoromethanesulphonic acid to remove polysaccharide chains that are covalently associated with hydroxyproline residues in the peptide component of the proteoglycan. The protein core, which accounts for less than 10% (w/w) of the intact proteoglycan, was purified by h.p.l.c. It has an apparent Mr of 35,000, but reacts very poorly with both Coomassie Brilliant Blue R and silver stains. Amino-acid-sequence analysis of the N-terminus of the h.p.l.c.-purified protein core and of tryptic peptides generated from the unpurified protein reveals a high content of hydroxyproline and alanine. These are sometimes arranged in short (Ala-Hyp) repeat sequences of up to six residues. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the protein core do not cross-react with native AGP, the synthetic peptide (Ala-Hyp)4, poly-L-hydroxyproline or poly-L-proline. The results suggest that the polysaccharide chains in the native AGP render the protein core of the proteoglycan inaccessible to the antibodies and that the immunodominant epitopes include domains of the protein other than those rich in Ala-Hyp repeating units.

Molecular, rheological and physicochemical characterisation of puka gum, an arabinogalactan-protein extracted from the Meryta sinclairii tree

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MSM Wee ◽  
Ian Sims ◽  
KKT Goh ◽  
L Matia-Merino
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Radius ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Arabinogalactan Protein ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Weight Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
Physicochemical Characterisation ◽  
Increasing Temperature

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd A water-soluble polysaccharide (type II arabinogalactan-protein) extracted from the gum exudate of the native New Zealand puka tree (Meryta sinclairii), was characterised for its molecular, rheological and physicochemical properties. In 0.1 M NaCl, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of puka gum is 5.9 × 106 Da with an RMS radius of 56 nm and z-average hydrodynamic radius of 79 nm. The intrinsic viscosity of the polysaccharide is 57 ml/g with a coil overlap concentration 15% w/w. Together, the shape factor, p, of 0.70 (exponent of RMS radius vs. hydrodynamic radius), Smidsrød-Haug's stiffness parameter B of 0.031 and Mark-Houwink exponent α of 0.375 indicate that the polysaccharide adopts a spherical conformation in solution, similar to gum arabic. The pKa is 1.8. The polysaccharide exhibits a Newtonian to shear-thinning behaviour from 0.2 to 25% w/w. Viscosity of the polysaccharide (1 s−1) decreases with decreasing concentration, increasing temperature, ionic strength, and at acidic pH.

Fine structure of the arabinogalactan-protein from Lolium multiflorum

1987 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Bacic ◽  
Shirley C. Churms ◽  
Alistair M. Stephen ◽  
Peter B. Cohen ◽  
Geoffrey B. Fincher
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Arabinogalactan Protein

Biosynthesis of Arabinogalactan-Protein in Lolium multiflorum Ryegrass Endosperm Cells. I. Hydroxylation of Peptidyl Proline

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
PC Pollard ◽  
GB Fincher
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Ferrous Ion ◽  
Arabinogalactan Protein ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid ◽  
Radioactive Label ◽  
Insoluble Material ◽  
Imino Acid ◽  
Proline Hydroxylation ◽  
Protein Moiety

Suspension-cultured endosperm cells from L. multiflorum secrete into the medium an arabinogalactan-protein in which the protein moiety is rich in hydroxyproline. When cells are grown in the presence of proline labelled with 14C or 3H, the imino acid is rapidly removed from the medium and radio- activity can subsequently be detected in extracellular trichloracetic acid-soluble, ethanol-insoluble material. In this fraction, which contains the arabinogalactan-protein and other polysaccharides, radioactive label is distributed between proline and hydroxyproline. α,α'-Dipyridyl, a chelator of ferrous ion, has no effect on the total radioactivity secreted but markedly alters the distribution of radioactivity in favour of peptidyl proline. Although this inhibition of peptidyl proline hydroxylation can be reversed by ferrous or zinc ions, it is not possible to conclude that ferrous ion, which is required for hydroxylation in other systems, participates specifically in the reaction in ryegrass endosperm cells. Concomitant with the inhibition of proline hydroxylation, α,α'-dipyridyl suppresses the biosynthesis or secretion of extracellular arabinogalactan-protein and arabinoxylan.

Responses of subterranean clover and Italian ryegrass to application of lime

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
Z. Rengel ◽  
L. Paszkudzka-Baizert ◽  
L. D. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Yield Responses

A glasshouse experiment evaluated dried herbage yield responses of dense swards of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Trikkala) or Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Aristocrat) to applications of different amounts of lime (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 t lime/ha) to either a loam or a sand. Yields were measured at 4 harvests [29, 51, 86 and 108 days after sowing (DAS)] when ryegrass plants had 3 leaves per tiller. Increasing amounts of lime raised the pH (1: 5, soil: 0.01 mol CaCl2/L) of the loam by 2.7 units and that of the sand by 2.0 units. Applications of lime significantly (P<0.05) increased dry herbage yields, by between 16 and 53%, for: (i) clover on the loam soil at 86 and 108 DAS, and for the sand at 108 DAS; (ii) ryegrass on the loam at 51, 86 and 108 DAS, and on the sand at 108 DAS. Increasing amounts of lime had no effect on the concentration of nutrient elements in dried herbage of either clover or ryegrass, except that the concentration of calcium increased, and the concentration of sodium, manganese and zinc (and boron for ryegrass only) all decreased. Additions of lime had no effect on dry matter digestibility, metabolisable energy, concentration of crude protein or water-soluble carbohydrates in dried herbage at any of the 4 harvests.

scholarly journals Studies on lolium multiflorum endosperm in tissue culture I. Nutrition

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
M MeryI Smith ◽  
BA Stone
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Equimolar Mixture ◽  
Liquid Suspension ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Liquid Suspension Culture

Stocks of L. multiflorum endosperm callus have been maintained in liquid suspension culture on a modified White's medium for 5 years. The mean doubling time under the conditions used is 3� 2 days. Best growth is obtained on sucrose; fructose and glucose are good carbon sources, whereas growth is only moderate on an equimolar mixture of both.

COMPARISON OF BARLEY GUMS ISOLATED BY VARIOUS PROCEDURES

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 653-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. S. Meredith ◽  
T. A. Watts ◽  
J. A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Molecular Complex ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Aqueous Extraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Insoluble Form

A barley gum that is believed to be the undegraded, water-soluble, nonstarch polysaccharide of the grain has been isolated. Aqueous solutions of this gum are extremely viscous and are stable. Enzymes that degrade gum during simple aqueous extraction were inactivated first by refluxing barley grist in boiling 85% alcohol followed by extraction of the dried grist with a 1% solution of papain. Gums of lower degree of polymerization, as judged by viscosity measurements, were obtained by aqueous extraction and acid treatments. Two enzyme systems that degrade gums are thought to be present in barley. One (which is inactivated by alcohol) degrades the initially soluble gum and brings an initially insoluble form into solution. The second system (which is inactivated by papain) accompanies and degrades the initially soluble gum during aqueous extraction or in aqueous solutions of the preparation. The purest gum contains only 0.1% nitrogen, and this may be part of the molecular complex. Mild, cold, alkali treatment of this gum reduces molecular size considerably as measured by viscosity of solutions. "X"-enzyme isolated from a bacterial source cleaves the gum into two oligosaccharides of glucose and a component containing D-glucose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, and D-galactose. No free sugars are produced.

In-vitro assessment of the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus plantarum KCC-24 isolated from Italian rye-grass ( Lolium multiflorum ) forage

Anaerobe ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayakrishnan Vijayakumar ◽  
Soundharrajan Ilavenil ◽  
Da Hye Kim ◽  
Mariadhas Valan Arasu ◽  
Kannappan Priya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
In Vitro Assessment

scholarly journals Radiochemical Studies of Hydrogen Exchange in Organic Compounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Colin Truscott Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Grignard Reagent ◽  
Hydrogen Exchange ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Incomplete Reaction ◽  
The One ◽  
Extreme Care

<p>A property of a new or unknown organic compound which must be determined once the empirical formula and molecular weight are known, is the number of active or replaceable hydrogen atoms which the compound contains. These include hydrogen atoms present in amine, hydroxyl, carboxyl and other groups, where the hydrogen is not bound to a carbon atom but to an oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur atom or is in a position where it can ionize. The most general method by which this may be done quantitatively, is the one originally due to Zerewitinoff Zerewitinoff - Berichte 40 2023 (1907) 41 2233 (1908) 42 4802 (1909) 43 3590 (1910) 47 1659 (1914) 47 2417 (1914) and since developed on a micro scale by Roth A. Soltys Mikrochemie 20 107 (1936), Flaschentrager A. Roth Mikrochemie 11 140 (1932), whose method incorporates work by Tschugaeff - Flaschentrager z. Physiol Chem. 146 219 (1923) and the other two authors, and Soltys L. Tschugaeff Berichte 35 3912 (1902), and incorporates many of the latest improvements. This involves the quantatatively evolution of methane from reaction of the Grignard reagent MeMgI on groups such as -SH, -OH, -NH2, -COOH etc., i.e. those groups containing active or replaceable hydrogen atoms. Analysis by this method requires extreme care in technique and exact attention to experimental details. High results are obtained if the solvent or any part of the apparatus contains moisture and the whole determination must be carried out in an atmosphere of nitrogen to avoid reaction of the Grignard reagent with any oxygen present. Low results are obtained if the test solution does not dissolve completely in the chosen solvent and it is essential to carry out a blank prior to each analysis. The proceedure is labourious and painstaking and gives an accuracy of not greater than 5% using 3-5 mgm of organic compound. It also has the disadvantage that the Grignard Reagent will also react with other groups, such as carbonyl, aldehyde, nitrile etc., which may be present. This method cannot be applied to highly water soluble compounds which do not dissolve in ethers or other organic solvents and as the molecular size or complexity of the sample increases, the accuracy of the gasometric reactions becomes less, due to side reactions and incomplete reaction.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document