Sensitivity of root and leaf water status in maize (Zea mays) subjected to mild soil dryness

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Schmidhalter ◽  
Z. Burucs ◽  
K.H. Camp
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Diurnal Courses ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Soil Dryness

The aim of this work was to test the sensitivity of the water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψs) and turgor (Ψp) of roots and leaves of maize seedlings (Zea mays L. cv. Carla) subjected to a mild stress in drying soil in a growth chamber. To the best of our knowledge there are no experimental data which describes diurnal courses of Ψw in soil, roots, and leaves and the parallel changes in the osmotic potential (Ψs) and turgor (Ψp) of roots and leaves from plants grown in moist and drying soil. Root and leaf Ψw varied diurnally, the amplitude being much more marked in leaves than in roots. Root and leaf Ψw did not achieve equilibrium at predawn with the bulk soil matric potential (Ψm) but became higher. Our results are at variance with data indicating root Ψw is a sensitive indicator of soil dryness. Root Ψw in the well-watered and drought-stressed treatments did not differ, whereas daytime leaf Ψw in the droughted treatment was lower 6 days after water was withheld. Diurnal changes in Ψs and Ψp were more marked in leaves than in roots. Withholding water lowered leaf Yp, whereas root Ψp substantially increased after only 3 days of withholding water. Early mild stress can be more easily and more quickly identified by changes in root Ψs, increases in root Ψp, or the divergence in root and leaf Ψp than by a lower Ψw of root or leaf. Relative water contents of roots and leaves measured in the light period indicated also sensitively falling Ψm.

Sensitivity to Desiccation of Leaf Extension in Prairie Grass

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
ACP Chu ◽  
HG Mcpherson
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Common Environment ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Leaf Extension ◽  
Term Response ◽  
Severe Leaf

The short-term response of leaf extension rates and leaf water potential (Ψ1) to controlled diurnal changes in the environment of a pasture species, prairie grass (Bromus catharticus) was followed over a soil drying cycle. Consistent relationships between rates of leaf extension and leaf water status were found only when measurements had been made under a common environment or when the effects of the environmental differences were allowed for by comparing the response of desiccated plants to that of well watered control plants under the same conditions. In the early stages of desiccation, leaf extension rates were extremely sensitive to reduction in Ψ1. Water potentials of only 2-3 bars below that of well watered control plants were sufficient to depress leaf extension rates by 50%. However, as desiccation became more severe, leaf extension rates became much less responsive to further reductions in Ψ1. We infer that it will be possible to resolve some of the apparent discrepancies among various reports on the sensitivity of leaf extension rates to desiccation when allowance can be made for the actions of other important influences, such as temperature in this experiment, and when Ψ1 at the site of measurement can be related unequivocally to Ψ1 at the region of elongation.

Divergence in plant water-use strategies in semiarid woody species

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael H. Nolan ◽  
Kendal A. Fairweather ◽  
Tonantzin Tarin ◽  
Nadia S. Santini ◽  
James Cleverly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Status

Partitioning of water resources amongst plant species within a single climate envelope is possible if the species differ in key hydraulic traits. We examined 11 bivariate trait relationships across nine woody species found in the Ti-Tree basin of central Australia. We found that species with limited access to soil moisture, evidenced by low pre-dawn leaf water potential, displayed anisohydric behaviour (e.g. large seasonal fluctuations in minimum leaf water potential), had greater sapwood density and lower osmotic potential at full turgor. Osmotic potential at full turgor was positively correlated with the leaf water potential at turgor loss, which was, in turn, positively correlated with the water potential at incipient stomatal closure. We also observed divergent behaviour in two species of Mulga, a complex of closely related Acacia species which range from tall shrubs to low trees and dominate large areas of arid and semiarid Australia. These Mulga species had much lower minimum leaf water potentials and lower specific leaf area compared with the other seven species. Finally, one species, Hakea macrocarpa A.Cunn ex.R.Br., had traits that may allow it to tolerate seasonal dryness (through possession of small specific leaf area and cavitation resistant xylem) despite exhibiting cellular water relations that were similar to groundwater-dependent species. We conclude that traits related to water transport and leaf water status differ across species that experience differences in soil water availability and that this enables a diversity of species to exist in this low rainfall environment.

scholarly journals Changes in leaf water status in grapevine graftlings treated with growth regulators

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Slavica Todic ◽  
Z. Beslic
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Relative Water

The effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators, paclobutrazol (1000 mg/L), chlorcholine chloride (200 mg/L) and gibberellic acid (100 mg/L) on leaf water status in grapevine graftlings of cv Cardinal was investigated. After stratification and waxing, young vines were planted into vegetation pots and grown in a glasshouse. Foliar treatments were applied once, twice or three times during the vegetative period, starting on 25 July and every 15 days thereafter. Values of total water potential (Tl) and of relative water content (RWC) were measured over the same period. Results indicate a tendency of increased TL values in leaves of plants repeatedly treated with a growth inhibitor paclobutrazol (-1.18 Mpa) compared with untreated (-1.36 Mpa) as well as plants treated twice with gibberellic acid (-1.37 Mpa). RWC in leaves was significantly increased in the second half of the vegetative period when paclobutrazol was applied twice (78%) in comparison with control (75%). Values of both investigated indices point to a more favorable water status of plants treated during the vegetative period with growth inhibitors compared with untreated and plants treated with gibberellic acid.

Assessment of flag leaf water status as drought tolerance discriminating trait in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 016-027
Author(s):  
Hadda Mebarki ◽  
Ouassila Ziane ◽  
Hadjer Merbah ◽  
Hamenna Bouzerzour
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Water Saturation Deficit ◽  
Saturation Deficit ◽  
Relative Water

Drought is a prominent limiting factor that impacts negatively durum wheat grain yield. Ten durum wheat breeding lines were evaluated under rainfall conditions at the Field Crop Institute Agricultural Experimental Station of Setif, Algeria, during the 2016/2017 cropping season. The investigation aimed to study the ability of flag leaf water status to discriminate among varieties for drought tolerance trait. Significant variability was observed among the tested varieties for leaf dry, wilted and turgid weights, leaf relative water content, water saturation deficit and excised water loss, after three wilting periods of 30, 60 and 90 minutes dehydration at 40°C. The assessed breeding lines were differentially categorized as drought tolerant and drought sensitive based on either relative water content or water saturation deficit or excised leaf water loss genotypic mean values. Correlation, principal components and cluster analyses indicated an unwanted significant association between excised leaf water loss and relative water content and water saturation deficit and classified the assessed entries into three clusters (CI, C2 and C3). Cluster C1 had high relative water content, low water saturation deficit but high excised water loss, while C3 had low relative water content, low excised leaf water but high-water saturation deficit, C2 being intermediate. Crosses between distant clusters (C1 vs C3) are proposed to generate more variability of the targeted traits in progeny population and to break undesirable linkage between alleles controlling leaf water status, allowing to select efficiently drought tolerant genotypes.

Physiological and anatomical responses of wheat to induced dehydration and rehydration

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-503
Author(s):  
Konstantina Kocheva ◽  
Peter Petrov ◽  
Georgi Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Relative Water

AbstractHydroponically grown wheat seedlings of two prominent Bulgarian cultivars (Katya and Prelom) were subjected to 48 h osmotic stress with PEG 8000 and were then rehydrated. The degree of stress was evaluated by monitoring relative water content, lipid peroxidation level, and accumulation of free proline and hydrogen peroxide in the leaves. Anatomy and ultrastructure of leaf tissue were observed under light microscopy. After imposition of stress, drought tolerant cultivar Katya displayed higher free proline content and significantly lower malondialdehyde and peroxide concentration in leaves than in the leaves of susceptible cultivar Prelom. After 24 h of rehydration Katya showed better ability to restore leaf water status and an apparent tendency towards recovery, whereas Prelom sustained higher levels of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation products and free proline and markedly low relative water content. Here, we have uncovered some of the characteristics displayed by cultivar Katya that enable it to survive and recover from severe osmotic stress. Interestingly, there was congruence between our results and the high level of cultivar Katya drought tolerance observed in the field.

Variation of Leaf Characteristics With Level of Insertion on a Grass Tiller. III. Tissue Water Relations

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stomatal Frequency ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Potential Component

Plants of a grass, green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume) were grown under controlled environmental and nutritional regimes. Throughout the growth of the plants, leaves from varying levels of insertion on the main stem were sampled at comparable physiological age (viz, when just fully expanded) and their water relations characteristics measured over a range from full turgidity to a moderately stressed condition to determine whether there were inherent differences between leaves on the shoot. Leaf water potential, osmotic potential, and pressure potential fell in a similar manner for the leaves from each insertion level as leaf relative water content declined. A small increase in the average water and osmotic potential, and also in the average matric potential component, estimated for a common reIative water content, was evident with increasingly higher level of leaf insertion. Despite marked increases in the proportion of cell wall material and a trend towards increasing lignification in leaves of higher insertion, the bulk coefficient of elasticity of the tissues showed no gradient of change, and the overall change in the matric potential component was small. Various other chemical and morphological characteristics showed definite gradients with insertion level: for example, stomatal frequency increased from 91 to 287 mm-2 from leaf 5 to the flag leaf. There was no evidence of a progressive variation with insertion level in the water status of leaves sampled fresh from the plants, and thus no support for the theory that upper leaves on a tiller develop under inherently higher water stress, which could account for their xeromorphic chemical, anatomical and morphological features. It appears that in green panic at least, the water relations characteristics measured, with the exception of stomatal frequency, exhibit no strong inherent gradients with insertion level of leaves which could seriously confound comparisons of water status between plants in different treatments.

The Method of Plant Water Status Measurement in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas (L) Lam.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswati Prabawardani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Relative Water

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:UseFELayout /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The measurement of plant water status such as leaf water potential (LWP) and leaf relative water content (RWC) is important part of understanding plant physiology and biomass production. Preliminary study was made to determine the optimum amount of leaf abrasion and equilibration time of sweet potato leaf inside the thermocouple psychrometer chambers. Based on the trial, the standard equilibration time curve of a Peltier thermocouple for sweet potato leaf was between 2 and 3 hours. To increase the water vapour conductance across the leaf epidermis the waxy leaf cuticle should be removed or broken by abrasion. The result showed that 4 times leaf rubbings was accepted as the most effective way to increase leaf vapour conductance of sweet potato in the psychrometer chambers. In calculating the leaf relative water content, unstressed water of sweet potato leaves require 4 hours imbibition, whereas water stressed of sweet potato leaves require 5 to 6 hours to reach the saturation time. Either leaf water potential or relative water content can be used as a parameter for plant water status in sweet potato.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p>

Employment of artificial neural networks for non-invasive estimation of leaf water status using color features: a case study in Spathiphyllum wallisii

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Taheri-Garavand ◽  
Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad ◽  
Dimitrios Fanourakis ◽  
Soodabeh Fatahi ◽  
Masoumeh Ahmadi Majd
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Color Features ◽  
Artificial Neural

Visual estimation of plant water status in cereals

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Visual Scoring ◽  
Breeding Programmes

SummaryThe potential offered for plant breeding programmes by visual scoring techniques for plant water status was investigated in rice and spring wheat. It was found that differing plant morphology could seriously bias visual estimates of leaf water potential, particularly in spring wheat. In spite of this problem, it was found that at least for rice, this type of approach may have potential in future breeding programmes where an estimate of leaf water status is required, such as those for drought tolerance, so long as a high intensity of selection is not necessary.

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