scholarly journals High Temperature Electrical Breakdown in Sodium Chloride

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Hanscomb
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Alkali Halide ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Electrical Breakdown ◽  
Thermal Breakdown ◽  
Voltage Transients ◽  
Alkali Halide Crystals ◽  
Time And Energy

Doubt exists as to the mechanism responsible for electrical breakdown in alkali halide crystals at temperatures where the breakdown strength has generally been found to fall with rise in temperature. As thermal breakdown may be involved, experiments designed to examine this possibility in sodium chloride at 350 �0 have been conducted. It is shown that when linearly rising voltage transients are applied the dependence of breakdown strength on electrical conductivity, time, and energy input is in agreement with the impulse thermal theory for times to breakdown of the order of milliseconds. Conduction of heat is found to be an important factor as the time to breakdown is increased. Effects, such as dendrite growth, which are seen after breakdown with 10-second transients, are also discussed.

Method of controlling the ionic electrical conductivity of alkali-halide crystals

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
I. Ya. Melik-Gaikazyan ◽  
L. I. Roshch�na ◽  
M. I. Ignat'eva ◽  
�. P. Kurakina
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Alkali Halide ◽  
Ionic Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Alkali Halide Crystals

High Temperature Dielectric Breakdown of Alkali Halides

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ O'Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Temperature Region ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Alkali Halides ◽  
Thermal Breakdown ◽  
High Temperature Region ◽  
The Difference

In the high temperature region much of the experimental work on the dielectric breakdown of the alkali halides is apparently conflicting. If, however, it is assumed that, breakdown is thermal in nature instead of intrinsic, reasons can be given which reduce the difference between various sets of existing experimental results. A calcula� t,ion of the thermal breakdown strength is given based on the assumption that the electrical conductivity is principally ionic. The magnitude and temperature variation of the breakdown strength is given correctly without disposable constants. Some suggestions are given for experimental work which may clear up outstanding difficulties.

Minimizing Transmission Electron Microscopy Beam Damage during the Study of Surface Reactions on Sodium Chloride

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather C. Allen ◽  
Martha L. Mecartney ◽  
John C. Hemminger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Alkali Halide ◽  
Surface Reactions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Alkali Halide Crystals ◽  
Beam Damage

Electron beam damage is a significant limitation for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of beam-sensitive samples. An approach for studying surface reactions on alkali halide crystals using 200 kV TEM is presented. Experiments were designed to monitor the reaction of NaCl crystals with HNO3 gas followed by water vapor to form solid NaNO3. During beam damage experiments, TEM micrographs record structural changes to both NaCl and NaNO3, including dislocation loops, void formation, and decomposition. Sample decomposition can be successfully minimized by a combination of commonly used techniques: (1) focusing the beam adjacent to the area of interest, (2) lowering the electron density, (3) choosing to image larger (micrometer- versus submicrometer-sized) alkali halide crystals, and (4) lowering temperature by the use of a liquid nitrogen cooling stage. From these results, additional studies were designed that monitored sequential experiments. Sensitive micrometer-sized sodium chloride single crystals before and after exposure to nitric acid vapor and water vapor and the subsequent growth of submicrometer-sized sodium nitrate single crystals could then be successfully imaged using TEM.

Anion polarizability functions in alkali halide crystals

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1033
Author(s):  
A. BATANA ◽  
J. BRUNO ◽  
R.W. MUNN
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Halide ◽  
Alkali Halide Crystals
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