scholarly journals "Paradise" and "Cloverdowns": following natural systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Dean melvin
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Perennial Vegetation ◽  
Average Rainfall

Two properties, "Paradise" and "Cloverdowns", are farmed by the Melvin family near Dowerin in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia (see Fig. 1, Hobbs 2003). The annual average rainfall is 350 mm and, before Europeans settled the area, it was well vegetated with perennial vegetation. The sandplain soils were dominated by mallees Eucalyptus spp., Kwongan or heath (predominantly Myrtaceae, Proteaceae and Leguminosae), and patches of York Gum E. loxophleba woodland. The heavier soils such as the brown sandy loams and red brown loams were clothed in woodland of Salmon Gum E. salmonophloia and York gum. The gravelly sands were covered by Tamma scrub which was dominated by sheoak Allocasuarina spp.

Subspeciation in the White-tailed Black Cockatoo, Calyptorhynchus baudinii, in Western Australia

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lower Mandible

The nomenclatural history of the two forms of white-tailed black cockatoo is discussed. Their correct names are Calyptorhynchus baudinii baudinii Lear for the long-billed form, and C. b. latirostris Carnaby for the short-billed form. C. b. latirostris differs from baudinii in having a slightly shorter wing and shorter culmen, there being virtually no overlap in the range of culmen lengths between adults of the two subspecies. The adult skull of baudinii is wider and higher, with a longer culmen, lower mandible and gonys than latirostris. C. b. baudinii is found in areas with an annual average rainfall of 750 mm or more, whereas lativostris occurs where it is 300–750 mm. C. b. baudinii appears to be resident throughout the year whereas latirostris moves to the higher-rainfall areas during the non-breeding season, returning to the drier areas during the breeding season. For food baudinii depends on the seeds of the marri, Eucalyptus calophylla, whereas latirostris depends on seeds from the small hard fruits of species of Hakea and Dryandra. A mechanism for the separation of the two forms during the breeding season is suggested.

Successful reintroduction of the brushtail possum to Wadderin Sanctuary in the eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Short ◽  
Andrew Hide
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Initial Release ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Ready Availability ◽  
Extant Population

The brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) was reintroduced to the fox-free habitat of the Wadderin Sanctuary in the eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia in 2008. Subsequent monitoring through to 2013 has revealed a small but healthy extant population that occupies all suitable habitat with some animals moving beyond the predator-free sanctuary to adjoining woodland patches. Possums occurred at a low density and had large home ranges relative to other studies at more mesic sites elsewhere. This is likely linked to the low productivity of the site (annual average rainfall of 332 mm) and one-way dispersal of young across the barrier fence. Possums preferentially occupied woodlands of York gum and salmon gum, utilised rock she-oak habitat, but made little use of shrubland and mallee habitats within the sanctuary. Female possums appeared to mature at an early age and to have young for much of the year. Recruitment was biased towards males in the first four years of establishment; although many appeared to rapidly disappear from the population. The success of this reintroduction is most likely linked to the initial release of possums into vacant habitat, the absence of foxes, and the ready availability of hollows in mature eucalypts and shelter sites in rock crevices.

Rainfall salt accessions in the Queensland Murray - Darling Basin

Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. W. Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Salt Deposition ◽  
Ionic Concentrations ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
East West

Two east–west transects were established in southern Queensland to quantify rainfall inputs of chloride and associated ions. Electrical conductivity, pH, and major and minor ions were measured at 9 sites within the Queensland Murray–Darling Basin and 1 site to the east. Variability at some sites was high, possibly a function of the sample collection method. Ionic concentrations decreased with distance inland, a trend similar to that observed elsewhere in Australia, although values closer to the coast were higher than observed in southern and western Australia. Equations to predict both annual average rainfall chloride mass deposition and total salt deposition were derived.

scholarly journals A Study on Urban Inundation Using SWMM in Busan, Korea, Using Existing Dams and Artificial Underground Waterways

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1708
Author(s):  
Yeon-Moon Choo ◽  
Sang-Bo Sim ◽  
Yeon-Woong Choe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Urbanized Areas

The annual average rainfall in Busan area is increasing, causing frequent flooding of Busan’s Suyeong and Oncheon rivers. Due to the increase in urbanized areas and climate change, it is difficult to reduce flood damage. Therefore, new methods are needed to reduce urban inundation. This study models the effects of three flood reduction methods involving Oncheon River, Suyeong River, and the Hoedong Dam, which is situated on the Suyeong. Using EPA-SWMM, a virtual model of the dam and the rivers was created, then modified with changes to the dam’s height, the installation of a floodgate on the dam, and the creation of an underground waterway to carry excess flow from the Oncheon to the Hoedong Dam. The results of this study show that increasing the height of the dam by 3 m, 4 m, or 6 m led to a 27%, 37%, and 48% reduction in flooding, respectively, on the Suyeong River. It was also found that installing a floodgate of 10 × 4 m, 15 × 4 m, or 20 × 4 min the dam would result in a flood reduction of 2.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the construction of the underground waterway could lead to an expected 25% flood reduction in the Oncheon River. Measures such as these offer the potential to protect the lives and property of citizens in densely populated urban areas and develop sustainable cities and communities. Therefore, the modifications to the dam and the underground waterway proposed in this study are considered to be useful.

Western Australian Species-Rich Kwongan (Sclerophyllous Shrubland) Affected by Drought

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Hnatiuk ◽  
AJM Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Vegetative Regeneration ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Western Australian

Observations of responses to aseasonal water stress are reported for 238 above-ground perennial species of native vascular plants in a 20 km2 area of Western Australia surveyed during the second consecutive year of below average rainfall. Eighty-six species (36%) were found with dead individuals. Both vegetative regeneration and seedling regeneration appeared to be successful means of surviving drought stress in this region. The drought affected species of the families Proteaceae and Epacridaceae more than those of other major families. There are similarities in the response of the vegetation to the two main, irregularly occurring phenomena, aseasonal drought and fire: both can affect vegetation over large areas and yet leave considerable patches within the area that are little affected. Together these two factors contribute to the production of complex and dynamic mosaic-patterns in the vegetation.

A New Mode and System of Decision Support in Ecological Environment Construction Applied to Southern and Northern Mountains in Lanzhou City

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 1093-1100
Author(s):  
Zhen Liang Yin ◽  
Song Bing Zou ◽  
Zhi Xiang Lu ◽  
Hong Lang Xiao ◽  
Bao Rong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Lanzhou City ◽  
System A ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Made In

Since the ecological environment of southern and northern mountains in Lanzhou city, which is vulnerable and fragile, can’t meet the demands of urban landscaping naturally, it is required to enhance construction of ecological environment artificially. In allusion to the complication of decision support made in ecological environment construction, this paper propose a decision support mode for ecological environment construction which is comprised of decision support system and expert’s knowledge. Firstly, via carrying out the decision support system, a water conservancy scheme that contains two parts for southern and northern mountains of Lanzhou city is presented as below: 1. Collecting rainwater together used for environmental protection in the area where annual average rainfall exceeds in 400 mm. 2.Irrigating supplementally in the area where annual average rainfall below 400 mm (capacity of irrigation water equals to precipitation of 200 mm). Furthermore, by employing expert’s knowledge, a planning map of ecological environment construction for southern and northern mountains in Lanzhou city is demonstrated to assist decision makers.

scholarly journals Threats of sedimentation to agricultural land due to land use and degradation of watershed physical environmental

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ramlan . ◽  
Muhammad Basir-Cyio ◽  
Mahfudz . ◽  
Abdul Rahman ◽  
Faisal . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Predictor Factors

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The Lake Lindu sub-watershed has experienced environmental damage, mainly as a result of various activities of the surrounding community who are less aware of the principles of environmental sustainability. This study aims to determine the effect of land use area and environmental physical conditions on sedimentation and water debit in the Lake Lindu sub-watershed.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This research was carried out by implementing survey and non-experimental method at 3 rivers: Langko (P1), Wongkodono (P2), and Kati (P3). The dependent variable in this study is the area of land use (area of farm, shrub, paddy field, forest, and settlement) and the physical condition of the environment (the width of the catchment area and annual average rainfall). Then, the independent variables are sedimentation and water debit. Statistical analysis used is a multiple regression model.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The results of this study are that the wider shrub (X<sub>2</sub>) reduces the sedimentation (Y<sub>1</sub>) and increases the water debit (Y<sub>2</sub>). Each addition of one shrub unit will reduce the sediment by 0.208 mg/L and affect the water debit of 0.258 m<sup>3</sup>/ s-1. The regression equation is Y<sub>1</sub>=185.903 - 0.208X<sub>2</sub>-587.269X<sub>8</sub> and Y<sub>2</sub>=6.854+0.258 X<sub>2</sub> - 71.708 X<sub>8</sub>. As for the coefficient of the shape of the river (X<sub>8</sub>). The bigger the shape of the river, the smaller the average of the water debit. Thus, each reduction of one coefficient unit of the river shape will affect the water debit of 71,708 m<sup>3</sup> /s-1.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The significant predictor factors for sedimentation and river water debit are the shrubs and the coefficient of the river shape.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals 50 year rainfall data analysis and future trend in Saharanpur region

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
VARTIKA SINGH ◽  
PRAMENDRA DEV
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Negative Trend ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Rainfall

The environmental implications of rainfall pattern in replenishment of ground water system of Saharanpur region, located in western Uttar Pradesh, have been discussed. The mathematical analysis of rainfall dissimilarity of Saharanpur region for a period of 50 year (1959 to 2008) display a quite good range from 497.70 to 4357.5 mm with an annual average rainfall value of 1209.8 mm. The positive trend of departure from the computer value of average annual rainfall exhibits appropriate periods for recharge of ground water reservoir. The recorded data of annual rainfall during the last 3 year reveal values below the calculated annual average rainfall, pointing out negative trend. The statistical analysis of rainfall data involves computations of various statistical parameters, which also support the negative trend of rainfall. The prediction of expected future rainfall trend for a period up to 2018 has been made, which indicates a negative trend. The proposal have been incorporated to implement a plan for augmentation of ground water resource and also to develop possibilities of rainwater harvesting.

scholarly journals Climate trends and climate change scenarios in Ho Chi Minh City

2022 ◽  
Vol 964 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
Anh Ngoc Le ◽  
Thi Nguyen Vo ◽  
Van Hong Nguyen ◽  
Dang Mau Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Base Period ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Annual Average Temperature

Abstract This paper reviews the trends of climate and climate change scenarios in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The linear regression method is used to determine the trend and variation of past climate (1980-2019) at Tan Son Hoa station. The annual average temperature tends to increase about 0.024°C/year (r2=0.54) and the rainfall tends to increase about 6.03 mm/year (r2=0.67). For temperature scenario, by 2030 the annual average temperature in the whole city will increase from 0.80- 0.81°C (RCP4.5) and 0.92-0.98°C (RCP8.5). By 2050, it will increase 1.23-1.33°C (RCP4.5) and 1.55-1.68°C (RCP8.5). By 2100, it will increase 1.75-1.88°C (RCP4.5) and 3.20-3.55°C (RCP8.5) compared to the base period. Regarding rainfall scenario, in 2030, the city-wide average rainfall will increase by 12-21% (RCP4.5) and by 12-17% (RCP8.5). By 2050, the average rainfall is likely to increase by 13-15% (RCP4.5) and 15-17% (RCP8.5). By 2100, the average rainfall is likely to increase by 18-22% (RCP4.5) and 20-21% (RCP8.5) compared to the base period.

Persistence of several annual legumes in mixtures under continuous grazing in the south west of Western Australia

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (70) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Taylor ◽  
RC Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Annual Legumes ◽  
South West ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Average Rainfall

Two experiments are described: one in the wheatbelt in areas receiving 320 and 400 mm average annual rainfall, and the other in a medium rainfall area with an average rainfall of 640 mm. In the first experiment various combinations of barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) and cupped (Trifolium cherleri) and rose clovers (T. hirtum) with subterranean clover (T. subeterraneum) were grown at four sites. Each site was continuously grazed by sheep for periods ranging from three to five years. At all sites subterranean clover became dominant within a few years of establishment. The second experiment involved rose and subterranean clovers in ungrazed pure swards and mixed swards which were either grazed or ungrazed. Grazing was continued for three years. Grazing had a profound effect on the composition of the mixture: whereas subterranean clover dominated the grazed sward, in the absence of grazing rose clover over-topped the subterranean clover and dominated the mixture. The success of subterranean clover in grazed mixtures is attributed largely to relative inaccessibility to the grazing animal, particularly of seedlings but also of seeds.

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