Western Australian Species-Rich Kwongan (Sclerophyllous Shrubland) Affected by Drought

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Hnatiuk ◽  
AJM Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Vegetative Regeneration ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Western Australian

Observations of responses to aseasonal water stress are reported for 238 above-ground perennial species of native vascular plants in a 20 km2 area of Western Australia surveyed during the second consecutive year of below average rainfall. Eighty-six species (36%) were found with dead individuals. Both vegetative regeneration and seedling regeneration appeared to be successful means of surviving drought stress in this region. The drought affected species of the families Proteaceae and Epacridaceae more than those of other major families. There are similarities in the response of the vegetation to the two main, irregularly occurring phenomena, aseasonal drought and fire: both can affect vegetation over large areas and yet leave considerable patches within the area that are little affected. Together these two factors contribute to the production of complex and dynamic mosaic-patterns in the vegetation.

scholarly journals A newly recognised species of Cryptes Maskell 1892 (Hemiptera: Coccidae) from Western Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4508 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEN-PO LIN ◽  
TAKUMASA KONDO ◽  
TAKUMASA KONDO ◽  
PENNY J. GULLAN ◽  
LYN G. COOK
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Nuclear Loci ◽  
Acacia Aneura ◽  
Western Australian

Cryptes utzoni Lin, Kondo & Cook sp. n. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is described based on adult female morphology and DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear loci. This Australian endemic species was found on the stem of Acacia aneura (Fabaceae) in Western Australia. All phylogenetic analyses of three independent DNA loci show that C. utzoni is closely related to C. baccatus (Maskell), the type and only species of Cryptes Maskell, 1892. The adult female of C. utzoni is described and illustrated and a table is provided of the characters that differ among adult females of the two species of Cryptes now recognised (C. baccatus and C. utzoni) and a morphologically similar Western Australian species, Austrolichtensia hakearum (Fuller). There is deep genetic divergence in COI among samples of C. baccatus, suggesting the possibility of a species complex in this taxon. 

Flowering in darkness: a new species of subterranean orchid Rhizanthella (Orchidaceae; Orchidoideae; Diurideae) from Western Australia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 334 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
KINGSLEY W. DIXON ◽  
MAARTEN J. M. CHRISTENHUSZ
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Eastern Seaboard

Few plants are so cryptic as the underground orchids, Rhizanthella Rogers (1928: 1), of Australia. Unlike the species on the eastern seaboard of Australia, the Western Australian species spend their entire life cycle, including flowering, below the soil surface (only rarely with the tips of the bracts showing), making them unique among orchids and indeed, among flowering plants generally (Brown et al. 2013). Discovery in 1928 of the first underground orchid in Western Australia was an international sensation where the plant was described as ‘a remarkable subterranean orchid’ (Wilson 1929). The new taxon described in this paper resolves the enigmatic, disjunct distribution of Rhizanthella in Western Australia, where there was thought to be a central and southern node of a single species, R. gardneri Rogers (1928: 1).

Clarification of the type-locality of Nascio chydaea Olliff (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Nascionini), with further notes on its biology, distribution and relationships

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
MAGNUS PETERSON
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
South West ◽  
Colour Photograph ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Eucalyptus Wandoo

The precise type-locality of the infrequently encountered Western Australian species Nascio chydaea Olliff, 1886 is redefined from 28˚44ʹS, 116˚24ʹE to 34˚11ʹS, 118˚19ʹE, and thus George Masters is identified as the original collector and January–February 1869 as the date of collection of its lectotype and paralectotype. The first larval and adult hostplant records, Eucalyptus wandoo and an unidentified Asteraceae species respectively, as well as three further distributional records from south-west Western Australia, are provided for N. chydaea and discussed. A colour photograph of its dorsal habitus is also provided, as well as a distribution map for this species. Relationships, general zoogeography and biology of all Nascio species are briefly discussed.

Temperature Effects on the Seed-Germination of 10 Kwongan Species From Eneabba, Western-Australia

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Bellairs ◽  
DT Bell
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
High And Low Temperatures ◽  
Western Australian

The germination responses of 10 species (Acacia blakelyi, A. pulchella, Allocasuarina humilis, Beaufortia elegans, Conostylis neocymosa, Eucalyptus tetragona, Kennedia prostrata, Leptospermum spinescens, Melaleuca acerosa and Xanthorrhoea drummondii) to constant temperatures ranging from 5 to 35� C were studied. These Western Australian perennial species had optimum germination percentages between 15 and 20�C, except Eucalyptus tetragona which had an optimum at 25�C and Leptospermum spinescens which had an optimum at 10�C. Seeds were transferred from high and low temperatures to 15�C to determine whether high or low temperatures induced dormancy. Low temperatures tended not to affect subsequent germination but high temperature decreased subsequent germination for some species. Wetting and drying stimulated the germination of Acacia blakelyi, A. pulchella and Kennedia prostrata seeds.

Alexgeorgea, a bizarre new genus of Restionaceae from Western Australia

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Carlquist
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Sand Surface ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Female Flowers

The genus Alexgeorgea is described as new to science. Two species were discovered during field work in 1974: A. subterranea, from the Jurien Bay-Badgingarra sandplain, W.A., and A. arenicola, from sand areas short distances north and east of Perth. Alexgeorgea is highly distinctive in bearing single-flowered female inflorescences on sessile horizontal rhizomes c. 10-15 cm below the sand surface. In flower, only the tips of the bracts and the three ephemeral styles appear above the ground, so that female flowers are invisible most of the year and inconspicuous even at anthesis. Fruits are exceptionally large for Restionaceae, indehiscent, one-seeded and borne sessile on underground rhizomes. Difficulty in dispersal of these fruits would explain the existence of presumptive all-female colonies of A. arenicola which may have originated from single-fruit introductions to sites at the periphery of the range of that species. Increase in the size of colonies is mostly vegetative, by branching of the elongate subterranean rhizomes. It is suggested that the underground flowering and fruiting habit is related to fire resistance. Alexgeorgea appears most closely related to Western Australian species of Restio on account of striking vegetative similarities. The two species of Alexgeorgea are illustrated by habit photographs and macrophotographs of living plants taken during the field work.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of Paraustrosimulium Wygodzinsky & Coscarón: reassignment of Austrosimulium colboi and description of P. obcidens n. sp. from Western Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4337 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS A. CRAIG ◽  
JOHN K. MOULTON ◽  
DOUGLAS C. CURRIE
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Historical Biogeography ◽  
Generic Diagnosis ◽  
South American ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Western Australian

The hitherto monotypic South American genus Paraustrosimulium Wygodzinsky & Coscarón is revised to accommodate two Australian species: Austrosimulium colboi Davies & Györkös and Paraustrosimulium obcidens n. sp. The generic diagnosis is updated and the eastern Australian species Paraustrosimulium colboi (Davies & Györkös) n. stat. is re-described, including the male for the first time. The Western, Australian sister species of P. colbo, namely P. obcidens Craig, Moulton Currie n. sp. is also fully described. The relationship of Paraustrosimulium to other simuliid genera is discussed, as are aspects of historical biogeography. 

Seed ageing of four Western Australian species in relation to storage environment and seed antioxidant activity

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Merritt ◽  
T. Senaratna ◽  
D.H. Touchell ◽  
K.W. Dixon ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Seed Ageing ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Water Contents

AbstractThe influence of the storage environment on seed viability and antioxidant potential was examined for four species native to Western Australia: Acacia bivenosa DC., Anigozanthos manglesii D. Don, Banksia ashbyi E.G. Baker, and Mesomelaena tetragona (R. Br.) Benth. Seeds were stored at four water contents (at c. 5%, 11–15%, 20–23% and 50% relative humidity) at each of five temperatures (–196, –18, 5, 23 and 50°C), and seed germination and seedling vigour monitored over an 18-month period. Deterioration was apparent in all species (except A. bivenosa) stored at 50°C, with 11% RH maximizing longevity for B. ashbyi and M. tetragona seeds, and 5% or 11% RH preventing deterioration for A. manglesii seeds. Seed viability generally remained high for all species stored at 23°C or less. Notably, however, germination and seedling vigour of A. manglesii and M. tetragona seeds gradually declined when stored at –18°C, suggesting that storage at this temperature was detrimental. The antioxidant activity of lipid extracts of seeds after 18 months storage at 5, 23 and 50°C was also examined to determine whether the seed viability decline was associated with a loss of antioxidants. Antioxidant activity varied between storage treatments and was not related to seed viability.

Siphonoecetini Just, 1983 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Ischyroceridae) 13: Western Australian species of Bubocorophiina in Rhinoecetes, Cephaloecetes, Sinoecetes, Borneoecetes and Pararhinoecetes gen. nov.

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4554 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
JEAN JUST
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New Genus ◽  
First Record ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Southeast Coast ◽  
Western Australian

The Western Australia fauna of Bubocorophiina (Siphonoecetini) from the Albany area in the south to Port Hedland in the north-west, a coastal stretch of about 2000 km, is reported. One new genus and 11 new species are described: Rhinoecetes sinuduopopulus sp. nov., R. rockinghamia sp. nov., R. makritrichoma sp. nov., R. lowryi sp. nov., R. caetus sp. nov., R. karkharius sp. nov., R. wamus sp. nov., R. setosus sp. nov., Borneoecetes minimus sp. nov. (first record of Borneoecetes Barnard & Thomas, 1984 from Australia); Sinoecetes reni sp. nov. (first record of Sinoecetes Ren, 2012 from Australia), and Pararhinoecetes bicornis gen. et sp. nov. In addition, Cephaloecetes enigmaticus, previously described from the southeast coast of Australia, is recorded in the Albany area. A key to Western Australian Bubocorophiina is presented, and the distribution around Australian of the genera in the subtribe is commented upon. 

Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Poplar Plants to Drought Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARADHNA KUMARI ◽  
IM KHAN ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Poplar clone Kranti was selected to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses under drought at different levels of water stress, as it is a common clone used to be grown in Uttarakhand for making paper and plywood. The cuttings of Populus deltoides L. (clone Kranti) were exposed to four different watering regimes (100, 75, 50 and 25% of the field capacity) and changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related with drought tolerance were recorded. Alterations in physiological (i.e. decrease in relative water content) and biochemical parameters (i.e. increase in proline and soluble sugar content and build-up of malondialdehyde by-products) occurred in all the three levels of water stress, although drought represented the major determinant. Drought treatments (75%, 50% and 25% FC) decreased plant height, radial stem diameter, harvest index, total biomass content and RWC in all the three watering regimes compared to control (100% FC). Biochemical parameters like proline, soluble sugar and MDA content increased with severity and duration of stress, which helped plants to survive under severe stress. It was analyzed that for better wood yield poplar seedlings should avail either optimum amount of water (amount nearly equal to field capacity of soil) or maximum withdrawal up to 75% of field capacity up to seedling establishment period (60 days). Furthermore, this study manifested that acclimation to drought stress is related with the rapidity, severity, and duration of the drought event of the poplar species.

Factors that contribute to urban–rural gradients in risk of schizophrenia: Comparing Danish and Western Australian registers

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110096
Author(s):  
Oleguer Plana-Ripoll ◽  
Patsy Di Prinzio ◽  
John J McGrath ◽  
Preben B Mortensen ◽  
Vera A Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Indigenous Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Western Australian

Introduction: An association between schizophrenia and urbanicity has long been observed, with studies in many countries, including several from Denmark, reporting that individuals born/raised in densely populated urban settings have an increased risk of developing schizophrenia compared to those born/raised in rural settings. However, these findings have not been replicated in all studies. In particular, a Western Australian study showed a gradient in the opposite direction which disappeared after adjustment for covariates. Given the different findings for Denmark and Western Australia, our aim was to investigate the relationship between schizophrenia and urbanicity in these two regions to determine which factors may be influencing the relationship. Methods: We used population-based cohorts of children born alive between 1980 and 2001 in Western Australia ( N = 428,784) and Denmark ( N = 1,357,874). Children were categorised according to the level of urbanicity of their mother’s residence at time of birth and followed-up through to 30 June 2015. Linkage to State-based registers provided information on schizophrenia diagnosis and a range of covariates. Rates of being diagnosed with schizophrenia for each category of urbanicity were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for covariates. Results: During follow-up, 1618 (0.4%) children in Western Australia and 11,875 (0.9%) children in Denmark were diagnosed with schizophrenia. In Western Australia, those born in the most remote areas did not experience lower rates of schizophrenia than those born in the most urban areas (hazard ratio = 1.02 [95% confidence interval: 0.81, 1.29]), unlike their Danish counterparts (hazard ratio = 0.62 [95% confidence interval: 0.58, 0.66]). However, when the Western Australian cohort was restricted to children of non-Aboriginal Indigenous status, results were consistent with Danish findings (hazard ratio = 0.46 [95% confidence interval: 0.29, 0.72]). Discussion: Our study highlights the potential for disadvantaged subgroups to mask the contribution of urban-related risk factors to risk of schizophrenia and the importance of stratified analysis in such cases.

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