scholarly journals Guidelines for Marine Protected Areas

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Mark Westera
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Aspect ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Broad Application

Guidelines to marine protected areas is a collation of efforts from the IUCN, NOAA and Cardiff University, among others. It is aimed at managers and would be managers of marine parks, but will also be of use to anyone involved in the Marine Protected Area (MPA) process from conceptual planning to establishment, monitoring and management. Its broad application takes into account the hurdles that a manager is likely to encounter. There are nine sections, an introduction, an evaluation of the legal framework required to successfully establish MPAs, a discussion on dealing with all the relevant parties, involving communities and other stakeholders, site selection, planning and managing MPAs, zoning, evaluating economic aspect and financial sustainability, and finally a section on research, monitoring and review. Boxes are used throughout the text within each chapter to summarize important points and make for quick reference to the topic of that chapter.

scholarly journals Spain and Marine Protected Areas: Recent Developments

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-855
Author(s):  
Mariano J. Aznar
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Barcelona Convention ◽  
Specially Protected Areas

Abstract Spain has just declared a new marine protected area in the Mediterranean. This follows a protective trend taken by Spanish authorities during the last decades and has permitted Spain to honour its international compromises under the Convention on Biological Diversity. It contributes to a framework of protected areas established under conventional regimes such as OSPAR, RAMSAR or EU Natura 2000. The new area protects a ‘cetacean corridor’ and will be inscribed in the list of Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance under the Barcelona Convention regional framework.

scholarly journals Benthic impacts of recreational divers in a Mediterranean Marine Protected Area

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Luna ◽  
Carlos Valle Pérez ◽  
Jose Luis Sánchez-Lizaso
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Frequent Type ◽  
Recreational Scuba ◽  
Benthic Impacts

Abstract Luna, B., Valle Pérez, C., and Sánchez-Lizaso, J. L. 2009. Benthic impacts of recreational divers in a Mediterranean Marine Protected Area. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 517–523. The features of many Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have increased scuba diving tourism in these areas. Impacts caused by recreational scuba activity vary widely among different divers with differing underwater behaviour. We studied diver underwater behaviour, the effects on the natural environment, and the characteristics that may influence diver behaviour. In all, 181 recreational divers were followed, and contacts and the effects produced were recorded. Information on diver profile and dive features was recorded. Field sampling revealed that 175 of the divers observed (96.7%) made at least one contact with the seabed, with a mean contact of 41.20 ± 3.55 (mean ± s.e.) per diver per 10 min. Flapping was the most frequent type of contact, and the main damage by this action was to raise sediment. Contact with the seabed was greater for males than for females, inexperienced divers than for experienced divers, camera or lantern (dive light) users than for non-users, and divers unaccompanied by a dive leader or who had not been briefed about avoiding seabed contact before undertaking a dive than for accompanied or briefed divers. A greater understanding of the causes of harmful behaviour may be useful for stricter management, reducing diving damage and assuring the sustainability of this activity in MPAs.

scholarly journals Marine protected area governance: Prospects for co-management in the European Mediterranean

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Hogg ◽  
Pedro Noguera-Méndez ◽  
María Semitiel-García ◽  
María Giménez-Casalduero
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
The Mediterranean

Marine protected areas (MPAs) raise serious challenges in terms of their governance. By applying a participatory approach co-management can help in overcoming many of the deficiencies of top-down management processes. Yet, despite benefits of co-management, it is still found to be the exception in the Mediterranean. This paper provides a review of co-management and the prospects for decentralisation in the European Mediterranean. The role of social capital (SC) in co-management is discussed and a framework for SC and participation to attain effective co-management is proposed.

scholarly journals Marine protection targets: an updated assessment of global progress

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Boonzaier ◽  
Daniel Pauly
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Past Century ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dimensional Measure ◽  
Marine Protection

AbstractDespite the considerable expansion in the number and extent of marine protected areas during the past century, coverage remains limited amid concerns that many marine protected areas are failing to meet their objectives. New estimates of global marine protected area, based on the database maintained by Sea Around Us, revealed a degree of progress towards protecting at least 10% of the global ocean by 2020. It is estimated that > 6,000 marine protected areas, covering c. 3.27% (12 million km2) of the oceans, had been designated by the end of 2013. However, protection is generally weak, with c. one-sixth (1.9 million km2) of the combined area designated as no-take areas (i.e. fishing and other extractive activities are prohibited). Additional large tracts of ocean will need to be protected to reach the 10% target, and we investigate hypothetical scenarios for such expansion. Such scenarios offer a one-dimensional measure of progress as they do not address aspects of other global targets, such as Aichi Target 11, which will help to ensure that marine protected areas meet their objectives and achieve conservation outcomes.

scholarly journals MARINE PROTECTED AREAS IN MALAYSIA: TOWARDS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 50-66
Author(s):  
Darwinah Darwin Lim ◽  
Nor Hasni Osman
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Protected Areas Management ◽  
Marine Park ◽  
Key Aspects

Nowadays, sustainable development brings a different kind of meaning especially among scholars who have their own purposes. This principle is not only limited to the preservation of the environment and its resources, but it also included human resources and financial management as well as physical development. The awareness towards sustainable development had been started in 1987 which was pioneered by the report of Brundtland (UNWCED), then it was recognized by Rio de Jeneiro Summit in 1992. Next, the concept of this agenda is also has been reinforced during the World Conference in 2002 on sustainable development in Johannesburg, South Africa by bringing the world's attention to the challenges and importance of sustainable development. In Malaysia, there are not all of the activities on Marine Protected Area (MPA) that are carried out in line with the concept of sustainable development, although there are various efforts and policies that have been introduced to preserve the natural environment and ecosystems for the sake of future generations. Therefore, this article highlights the key aspects that stakeholders should consider in order to introduce a philosophy of sustainable development in the Marine Protected Areas management sector. The initiative proposed in this article provides a strategic focus on maintaining harmony between those involved in the management of the Marine Park and the industry of maritime tourism. It also takes into account the legal framework and economic interests of stakeholders in this sector to focus on exploiting the national resources of the National Park and protecting the integrity of the Marine Park environment in line with the concept of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Effort allocation and marine protected areas: is the North Sea Plaice Box a management compromise?

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1203-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Kjærsgaard ◽  
Hans Frost
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Bioeconomic Model ◽  
Effort Allocation ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

Abstract Kjærsgaard, J., and Frost, H. 2008. Effort allocation and marine protected areas: is the North Sea Plaice Box a management compromise? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1203–1215. A complex bioeconomic model is used to study the economic and biological consequences of establishing a marine protected area (MPA). The model is a multispecies age-structured bioeconomic model that treats days at sea and number of vessels, for different fleets fishing inside and outside the protected area, as endogenous variables. A simulation applies an adaptive investment rule that determines fleet size from year to year, and an optimization procedure provides a benchmark for a profit-maximizing solution over time. In contrast to most conventional studies on MPAs, fishing within the protected area is possible. Moreover, the stock is not divided between inside and outside the protected area, although the abundance of different age classes in each area differs. Therefore, the economic and biological impacts of fishing inside or outside are different. The North Sea flatfish fishery is used as a case study, so the analysis is particularly relevant because North Sea flatfish regulation is currently under revision.

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