Diets of, and trophic resources exploited by, bathyal penaeoidean shrimps from the western Mediterranean

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 889 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Cartes
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Stomach Fullness ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Fullness Index ◽  
Trophic Resources ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Aristaeomorpha Foliacea

The stomach contents of 115 specimens of Aristaeomorpha foliacea, 67 specimens of Parapenaeus longirostris, and 122 specimens of Solenocera membranacea were examined to establish the composition of the diets. All material was collected by bottom trawls at depths between 198 and 590 m in the Catalan Sea during 1991-93. S. membranacea and P. longirostris had highly diversified diets based mainly on benthic organisms (polychaetes, bivalves, gastropods and echinoderms). In addition, the diet of P. longirostris also included suprabenthic organisms (mainly gammarid amphipods) and a small proportion of pelagic organisms. These two penaeoidean species had high stomach fullness index values. Both trophic diversity and stomach fullness index values were lower in A. foliacea than in the other two penaeoidean species. A. foliacea is a highly specialized feeder on pelagic and suprabenthic organisms (i.e. euphausiids, isopods, Plesionika martia). Thus, a disparity in the food resources exploited was recorded for the three penaeoidean species. Analysis of the diets of Mediterranean bathyal penaeoideans yielded characteristically high values of H' of around 5 or above, substantially higher than the values for other bathyal decapod species in the same region. This finding may be generally typical of penaeoidean species in other geographical regions in both the bathyal and the abyssal zones as well as in shallow waters.

scholarly journals Biogeography of acoustic biodiversity of NW Mediterranean coralligenous reefs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Di Iorio ◽  
Manon Audax ◽  
Julie Deter ◽  
Florian Holon ◽  
Julie Lossent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Mediterranean Habitats ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Nw Mediterranean

AbstractMonitoring the biodiversity of key habitats and understanding the drivers across spatial scales is essential for preserving ecosystem functions and associated services. Coralligenous reefs are threatened marine biodiversity hotspots that are challenging to monitor. As fish sounds reflect biodiversity in other habitats, we unveiled the biogeography of coralligenous reef sounds across the north-western Mediterranean using data from 27 sites covering 2000 km and 3 regions over a 3-year period. We assessed how acoustic biodiversity is related to habitat parameters and environmental status. We identified 28 putative fish sound types, which is up to four times as many as recorded in other Mediterranean habitats. 40% of these sounds are not found in other coastal habitats, thus strongly related to coralligenous reefs. Acoustic diversity differed between geographical regions. Ubiquitous sound types were identified, including sounds from top-predator species and others that were more specifically related to the presence of ecosystem engineers (red coral, gorgonians), which are key players in maintaining habitat function. The main determinants of acoustic community composition were depth and percentage coverage of coralligenous outcrops, suggesting that fish-related acoustic communities exhibit bathymetric stratification and are related to benthic reef assemblages. Multivariate analysis also revealed that acoustic communities can reflect different environmental states. This study presents the first large-scale map of acoustic fish biodiversity providing insights into the ichthyofauna that is otherwise difficult to assess because of reduced diving times. It also highlights the potential of passive acoustics in providing new aspects of the correlates of biogeographical patterns of this emblematic habitat relevant for monitoring and conservation.

Feeding by Hatchery-Reared and Wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Parr in Streams

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1408-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Sosiak ◽  
R. G. Randall ◽  
J. A. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Stomach Fullness ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Feeding Experience ◽  
Salmon Parr

Hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr were captured 1–3 mo after release in streams, along with wild parr from the same streams. Identification of their stomach contents showed total number of organisms and number of taxa per stomach were greater and there was a higher index of stomach fullness in wild than in hatchery parr resident ≤ 2 mo in a stream. Wild parr consumed more Brachycentridae, Hydroptilidae, Diptera, and Plecoptera than did hatchery parr, but sometimes less Odontoceridae and Heptageniidae. These differences may have arisen from size-dependent food selection, the effects of feeding experience, or possible microhabitat differences between wild and hatchery parr. Key words: salmon parr, hatchery-reared, wild, feeding

scholarly journals A Histological Study of Ovarian Development in the Giant Red ShrimpAristaeomorpha foliacea(Crustacea: Decapoda: Aristeidae) from the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (Western Mediterranean)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Perdichizzi ◽  
Laura Pirrera ◽  
Valeria Micale ◽  
Ugo Muglia ◽  
Paola Rinelli
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Southern Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Aristaeomorpha Foliacea ◽  
Trawl Surveys

The reproductive features of the giant red shrimp,Aristaeomorpha foliacea, were investigated in the southern Tyrrhenian sea by experimental trawl sampling. The annual length-frequency distribution showed a multimodal trend in females, ranging between 16 and 67 mm carapace length (CL), and a unimodal trend in males (18–45 mm CL). Mature males occurred in different proportions all year round, while females displayed seasonal maturity (June—September), with a peak in July. Six oocyte developmental stages were identified, the most advanced of which (Pv, postvitellogenic) had never been described before in this species. Ovary development followed a group-synchronous pattern, with the yolked oocyte stock clearly separated from the reservoir of unyolked oocytes, suggesting thatA. foliaceais a total spawner, with determinate fecundity. Based upon histological findings, a revision of macroscopic maturity staging employed in Mediterranean bottom trawl surveys (MEDITS) is proposed.

Quantification of Bioerosion by Sphaerechinus Granularis on ‘Coralugène’ Concretions of the Western Mediterranean

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Sartoretto ◽  
Patrice Francour
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Biological Agent ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Mediterranean

Sphaerechinus granularis (Echinodermata: Echinidea) is involved in the erosion of ‘coralligène’ concretions in the Mediterranean. In shallow water (10 m), a high abundance of this species (>20 ind 25 m−2) is associated with small diameter individuals (56·7 ±7·7 mm). In deep clean waters (>40 m), the abundance is lower (<1 ind 25 m−2) and the mean diameter is higher (86·0±9·3 mm). Daily erosion of Corallinaceae by this species is related to the urchin diameter (r=0.87). Local variations in urchin abundance and diameter influence the amount of CaCO3 eroded annually. In shallow waters, the eroded CaCO3 mass reaches 210 g m−2 y−1 vs 16 g m−2 y−1 in coralligène concretions in deep clean waters. Sphaerechinus granularis is an important biological agent which substantially erodes the Mediterranean coralligène concretions.

Predation on cephalopods by the giant red shrimp Aristaeomorpha foliacea

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giambattista Bello ◽  
Carlo Pipitone
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Bony Fish ◽  
Strait Of Sicily ◽  
Aristaeomorpha Foliacea

The stomachs of 427 giant red shrimps, Aristaeomorpha foliacea, caught in the Strait of Sicily (Mediterranean Sea) during four seasonal surveys contained 73 cephalopods, or 8·6% of prey. Cephalopods ranked third as prey following crustaceans (49·2% of prey) and bony fish (20·5% of prey). The following cephalopod taxa were identified: Heteroteuthis dispar, Sepietta oweniana, Brachioteuthis sp., Abraliopsis morisii, Onychoteuthis banksii, Ancistroteuthis lichtensteinii, Histioteuthis bonnellii, H. reversa, Taoniinae sp., Octopodidae sp.; the dominant species was Heteroteuthis dispar (13 specimens). All remains pertained to small and very small specimens, including early juveniles; rostral length of 13 beaks (=17·8% of cephalopods) measured <1 mm. Early juveniles were found in stomach contents only in summer and winter. Cephalopod size was found to be positively correlated to shrimp size. No seasonal nor predator sex-related differences were found in the quantities and frequencies of ingested cephalopods.

Trophic ecology of a benthic intertidal hydroid, Tubularia crocea, at Mar del Plata, Argentina

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel N. Genzano
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Food Items ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prey Items

The trophic ecology and seasonal changes in the diet of the intertidal hydrozoan Tubularia crocea were studied analysing the enteron contents of hydranths collected each season of the year. The relationship between feeding rate, prey availability, and re-suspension processes caused by tidal currents was also assessed. The most prevalent food items were diatoms and crustaceans. The most remarkable differences occurred during summer, when crustaceans were more abundant than diatoms. Conversely, diatoms were the most abundant prey during other seasons, and they were almost the only prey found during winter. There was no relationship between abundances of primary prey items in the water column and their occurrences in stomach contents. Instead, most prey items consisted of benthic organisms, primarily two species of diatoms (Grammatophora marina and Licmophora abreviatta) and fragments (usually appendages) of the amphipods Caprella sp. and Jassa falcata. Most food items were digested within 4–4·5 hours. The mean number of items captured per polyp per day was determined to be 115·2±19·2 in summer, 93·6±14·4 in autumn, 76·8±21·6 in winter and 199·2±31·2 in spring. Prey biomass (dry weight) polyp−1 d−1 was 5·1 μg in summer, 2·3 μg in autumn, 1·8 μg in winter, and 6·3 μg in spring. These values, in relation to hydranth biomass (55·3 μg; dry weight), were equivalent to a food intake polyp−1 d−1 of 9·3%, 4·2%, 3·2% and 11·5% of its own weight, respectively.

Comparative biology of four species of glyphocrangonid and crangonid shrimp from the continental slope of the middle Atlantic Bight

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1052-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Lewis Wenner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Continental Slope ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Otter Trawl ◽  
Comparative Biology ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Middle Atlantic Bight ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Ovarian Growth

Distribution, reproduction, food, and parasites of glyphocrangonid (Glyphocrangon sculpta and Glyphocrangon longirostris) and crangonid (Sabinea hystrix and Metacrangon jacqueti agassizi) shrimp were studied from otter trawl collections on the continental slope of the middle Atlantic Bight. Glyphocrangon sculpta and G. longirostris were found at depths of 2068–2679 m and 1111–2427 m respectively; S. hystrix was found from 452 to 2100 m and M. j. agassizi occurred from 616 to 1430 m. Among all four species, ovigerous females were significantly larger and more numerous than males. Sex ratio patterns expressed as percent male for depth and size are discussed for these species. Reproduction of all species was asynchronous and year-round; ovigerous females were captured during every month. Ovarian growth was continuous, enabling multiple spawnings of small numbers of large eggs. Stomach contents consisted almost entirely of benthic organisms and sediment, but the majority of stomachs were empty. Epibranchial bopyrid isopods were found on G. sculpta, G. longirostris, and M. j. agassizi. Parasite incidence among the species was low but, when present, retarded gonad development in female hosts.

Day- and night-time prey availability for waterbirds in a tropical lagoon

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond McNeil ◽  
Oscar Díaz Díaz ◽  
Ildefonso Liñero A. ◽  
José R. Rodríguez S.
Keyword(s):  
Prey Availability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Dabbling Ducks ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Marsh Birds ◽  
Tropical Lagoon ◽  
Time Availability

One of the main hypotheses formulated to explain why marsh birds, wildfowl, and shorebirds forage at night postulates that the birds prefer to feed at night because the feeding opportunities are most profitable then. To investigate this hypothesis, we compare day- and night-time availability and describe the diel abundance rhythm of swimming and benthic organisms inhabiting the shallow waters of a tropical lagoon complex in northeastern Venezuela. Three sampling techniques were used by day and by night: net sampling for swimming organisms, core sampling for those in the sediments (10 cm deep), and sight counts for organisms on the surface of substrata. Overall, in the case of swimming organisms, fishes, isopods, amphipods, shrimps (Penaeus spp.), and corixids were 3–30 times more abundant at night than during daytime. In general, infaunal organisms were about equally abundant during the day and the night, or slightly more abundant during the day. At the surface, isopods, amphipods, and polychaetes were greater than 10 times more abundant at night than during the day. However, gastropods were slightly more numerous during daytime on the substrata, while pelecypods were about equally numerous during day- and night-time. Fiddler crabs (Uca sp.) were generally more available during daytime. Considering all organisms together, the prey for marsh birds, wildfowl, and shorebirds were significantly more abundant at night. In conclusion, tactile-foraging species (e.g., spoonbills, skimmers, ibises, dabbling ducks, and several species of shorebirds) should profit by foraging only at night and resting during the day, and foraging during daylight only to top up a nighttime deficit. On the other hand, despite limited nighttime visual capacity, some sight-feeding species (e.g., herons, plovers) may take advantage of increased prey availability at night, at least on moonlit nights.

scholarly journals A little can be enough. Native fish from the Western Mediterranean Sea can act as a control agent for the invasive alga Caulerpa cylindracea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Santamaría ◽  
Fiona Tomas ◽  
Enric Ballesteros ◽  
Juan Manuel Ruiz ◽  
Jorge Terrados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Exclusion Experiment ◽  
Invasive Algae ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Invasive Alga

In the Mediterranean Sea, different organisms can feed on invasive algae species, yet, how these species provide biotic resistance against algal invasions remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed fish stomach contents to determine which fish species feed on Caulerpa cylindracea and we performed an exclusion experiment to experimentally test how this grazing activity may limit invasive algae abundance and spread. Our results show that several fish species, many of them not considered strictly herbivores, feed on the invasive alga; however, the Ivlev´s Index suggests that its consumption was accidental except for Sarpa salpa. Additionally, the exclusion experiment demonstrated that fish species can limit C. cylindracea coverage at 10m but not at 30m deep; which is likely linked to the higher abundance and activity of these fish species at depths above 25m. These results are in agreement with the current distribution of C. cylindracea, which is much more abundant at depths from 25 to 50m. In this study we show that fish herbivory is a form of biotic resistance against C. cylindracea at shallow depths, not being able to completely remove it, but controlling its abundance.

Stomach contents of immature lobsters (Homarus americanus) from Placentia Bay, Newfoundland

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Carter ◽  
D. H. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Stomach Fullness ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Placentia Bay ◽  
High Selection

Stomachs of immature lobsters (Homarus americanus) from Placentia Bay, Newfoundland, were examined to determine natural diet. The most frequently occurring prey were sea urchins, mussels, rock crabs, polynoid and nereid polychaetes, and brittlestars. There was high incidence of lobster exuviae during the moulting period in late summer. Rock crabs, brittlestars, and mussels were dominant (in terms of relative volumes of hard parts in each stomach) more often than other food items. Sea urchins, periwinkles, chitons, rock crabs, and polynoids were consumed more frequently in late summer compared with other seasons. Stomach contents constituted approximately 1% of the wet weight of individual lobsters. There were no significant seasonal differences in stomach fullness during the period June to November.The residencies of natural prey hard parts in immature lobster stomachs were estimated. Some items remained in stomachs for up to 180 days. Measures of stomach fullness of lobsters 3 days after ad libitum feeding on rock crabs, mussels, and sea urchins were similar. Linear selection indices indicated relatively high selection by immature lobsters for hard parts of rock crabs and mussels and positive selection for nereids, polynoids, and brittlestars. Immature lobsters showed negative selection for hard parts of sea urchins, starfish, and periwinkles.

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