Biomass and above-ground productivity of salt-marsh plants in south-eastern Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Clarke ◽  
CA Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Sporobolus Virginicus ◽  
Eastern Australia

The above-ground biomass of three dominant salt-marsh vascular plants (Juncus kraussii, Sarcocornia quinquejlora and Sporobolus virginicus) was measured to assess both spatial and temporal variation and to provide baseline data. Additionally, the culm dynamics of the rush J. kraussii were measured so that aboveground productivity could be estimated. No distinct seasonal patterns were detected in above-ground biomass in J. kraussii. Averaged over all sites and times, the above-ground biomass of J. kraussii was 1116 g dry weight m-2. Culms are replaced annually, hence standing crop approximated annual above-ground productivity. Much of the dead aboveground biomass appears to accumulate in the upper marsh, as evidenced by the elevated nutrient and organic carbon content of the soil there relative to the sediment in the mangrove zone. Above-ground biomass of the decumbent perennial grass Sporobolus virginicus and the procumbent perennial chenopod Sarcocornia quinqueflora showed no consistent spatial or temporal trends. The above-ground standing crops of these species were about one-third that of J. kraussii.

Polyploidy in Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Smith-White
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Meiotic Division ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Meiotic Behaviour ◽  
Polyploid Complex ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Sporobolus Virginicus ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Tetraploid Cytotypes

Chromosome number and meiotic behaviour was examined in Sporobolus virginicus Kunth from south-eastern Australia. Var. minor Bail. forms a polyploid complex with diploid (2n = 20), triploid and tetraploid cytotypes. Meiosis in tetraploid plants of this variety is substantially normal, which indicates an alloploid origin. Var. virginicus, which has been found only in the tetraploid state, has irregular meiotic division, which suggests autoploidy. Most cytotypes were collected from sandy and well-drained situations along the coast. However, tetraploid var. minor plants were generally found in poorly aerated salt marsh swamps. This apparent edaphic adaption of tetraploid cytotypes may be important in explaining distribution patterns.

scholarly journals Above-ground biomass and species richness in a Mediterranean salt marsh

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.V. García ◽  
T. Maranón ◽  
A. Moreno ◽  
L. Clemente
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass

scholarly journals Retrieval of Salt Marsh Above-Ground Biomass from High-Spatial Resolution Hyperspectral Imagery Using PROSAIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehman S. Eon ◽  
Sarah Goldsmith ◽  
Charles M. Bachmann ◽  
Anna Christina Tyler ◽  
Christopher S. Lapszynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Hyperspectral Imagery ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Ground Biomass

Salt marsh vegetation density varies considerably on short spatial scales, complicating attempts to evaluate plant characteristics using airborne remote sensing approaches. In this study, we used a mast-mounted hyperspectral imaging system to obtain cm-scale imagery of a salt marsh chronosequence on Hog Island, VA, where the morphology and biomass of the dominant plant species, Spartina alterniflora, varies widely. The high-resolution hyperspectral imagery allowed the detailed delineation of variations in above-ground biomass, which we retrieved from the imagery using the PROSAIL radiative transfer model. The retrieved biomass estimates correlated well with contemporaneously collected in situ biomass ground truth data ( R 2 = 0.73 ). In this study, we also rescaled our hyperspectral imagery and retrieved PROSAIL salt marsh biomass to determine the applicability of the method across spatial scales. Histograms of retrieved biomass changed considerably in characteristic marsh regions as the spatial scale of the imagery was progressively degraded. This rescaling revealed a loss of spatial detail and a shift in the mean retrieved biomass. This shift is indicative of the loss of accuracy that may occur when scaling up through a simple averaging approach that does not account for the detail found in the landscape at the natural scale of variation of the salt marsh system. This illustrated the importance of developing methodologies to appropriately scale results from very fine scale resolution up to the more coarse-scale resolutions commonly obtained in airborne and satellite remote sensing.

scholarly journals Biophysical properties of salt marsh canopies — Quantifying plant stem flexibility and above ground biomass

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rupprecht ◽  
I. Möller ◽  
B. Evans ◽  
T. Spencer ◽  
K. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Plant Stem

scholarly journals Modeling Salt Marsh Vegetation Height Using Unoccupied Aircraft Systems and Structure from Motion

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2333
Author(s):  
Alexandra E. DiGiacomo ◽  
Clara N. Bird ◽  
Virginia G. Pan ◽  
Kelly Dobroski ◽  
Claire Atkins-Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Vegetation Height ◽  
Aircraft Systems ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Short Period

Salt marshes provide important services to coastal ecosystems in the southeastern United States. In many locations, salt marsh habitats are threatened by coastal development and erosion, necessitating large-scale monitoring. Assessing vegetation height across the extent of a marsh can provide a comprehensive analysis of its health, as vegetation height is associated with Above Ground Biomass (AGB) and can be used to track degradation or growth over time. Traditional methods to do this, however, rely on manual measurements of stem heights that can cause harm to the marsh ecosystem. Moreover, manual measurements are limited in scale and are often time and labor intensive. Unoccupied Aircraft Systems (UAS) can provide an alternative to manual measurements and generate continuous results across a large spatial extent in a short period of time. In this study, a multirotor UAS equipped with optical Red Green Blue (RGB) and multispectral sensors was used to survey five salt marshes in Beaufort, North Carolina. Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry of the resultant imagery allowed for continuous modeling of the entire marsh ecosystem in a three-dimensional space. From these models, vegetation height was extracted and compared to ground-based manual measurements. Vegetation heights generated from UAS data consistently under-predicted true vegetation height proportionally and a transformation was developed to predict true vegetation height. Vegetation height may be used as a proxy for Above Ground Biomass (AGB) and contribute to blue carbon estimates, which describe the carbon sequestered in marine ecosystems. Employing this transformation, our results indicate that UAS and SfM are capable of producing accurate assessments of salt marsh health via consistent and accurate vegetation height measurements.

The effect of wastewater discharge on biomass production and nutrient content of Cyperus papyrus and Miscanthidium violaceum in the Nakivubo wetland, Kampala, Uganda

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kansiime ◽  
M. Nalubega ◽  
J.J.A. van Bruggen ◽  
P. Denny
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Cyperus Papyrus ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Annual Total

The nutrient content of representative plant parts and biomass production in the Nakivubo wetland, correlation of these with the wastewater flow patterns and determination of nutrient uptake, storage and biomass production of Cyperus papyrus (papyrus) and Miscanthidium violaceum was studied. On average papyrus vegetation under the influence of wastewater had higher nutrient content in the above ground biomass (1.6% N and 0.23% P on dry weight basis) than those not affected (0.98% N and 0.18% P). The biomass varied between 3,529-5,844 g/m2 and 883-1,156 g/m2 in the two respective sites. The juvenile plants of papyrus and Miscanthidium had higher concentrations of P and N in their organs compared to the mature ones. Considering the nutrients stored by the dominant vegetation and the current flow patterns of wastewater in the Nakivubo wetland, harvesting of the above ground biomass once a year, would remove 7.7% of the N input and 15.8% of the P input of the annual total load entering the wetland. However, if the wetland is bio-manipulated and the wastewater flow distributed over the whole wetland, up to 70% nitrogen and 76% phosphorus would be removed by harvesting above ground papyrus biomass.

Seasonal changes in biomass and shoot characteristics of a Zostera capricorni Aschers. Dominant meadow in Cairns Harbour, northern Queensland

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJ McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Below Ground

Spatial and temporal variability of Z. capricorni biomass, shoot characteristics (canopy height, surface area, flowering), distribution and detrital content were examined from December 1988 to December 1990. Between August 1987 and August 1991, 15% (2.0 ha) of the meadow was lost. Biomass of above- and below-ground structures showed a unimodal seasonal pattern with maxima in late spring (mean 194.92 g dry weight m-2 and 426.67 g DW m-2 respectively) and minima in winter (mean 28.72 g DW m-2 and 56.98 g DW m-2 respectively). Mean above-ground biomass (95.53 � 2.21 g DW m-2) was approximately half the mean below-ground biomass (177.28 � 4.49 g DW m-2). Leaf canopy heights were greatest between October and February (maximum 53.4 cm) and lowest around mid year (minimum 4.4 cm). Leaf surface area per square metre of seagrass meadow ranged from 10.28 to 1.39 m2 (mean 3,692 � 0.104 m2), and flowering occurred during September and October. Detrital biomass ranged from 339.73g DW m-2 to 11.83 g DW m-2 (mean 77.39 � 2.36 g DW m-2). Detrital biomass was higher during July-October and lower during February-May. The climate during the study was typical for the area, and all trials displayed similar seasonal patterns, although the amplitudes differed among some trials. The environmental parameters that may influence seagrass and detrital biomass were investigated. The best models explained only 14% of the variation in above-ground biomass, 15% of the variation in below-ground biomass, and 21% of the variation in detrital biomass. These models suggest that fluctuations in seagrass and detrital biomass in Cairns Harbour were influenced by changes in light availability, temperature, salinity and exposure.

scholarly journals Evaluation of regression models for above-ground biomass determination in Amazon rainforest

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Petrus Maria Overman ◽  
Hendrik Johannes Louis Witte ◽  
Juan Guillermo Saldarriaga
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Random Manner ◽  
Biomass Determination

ABSTRACTIn a mature lowland ‘terra firme’ forest near Araracuara in Colombia, a study was conducted to determine the above-ground biomass by means of regression analysis. Dry weight, DBH (i.e. stem diameter at 1.3 m above ground level, or just above buttresses if these surpassed 1.3 m in height), total height and specific wood density were measured on 54 harvested trees, chosen in a ‘selected random’ manner. Nine different regression models were evaluated for statistical correctness, accuracy of the estimates and for practical use. The logarithmically transformed models with DBH2, and DBH2 × height as independent variables appeared to be the only models meeting the above criteria, the latter being the most accurate.The exclusion of big trees (DBH >45 cm) from the regression did not result in significant changes of the regression coefficients.

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