Growth, development and behaviour of artificially reared larval Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Sparidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Pankhurst ◽  
JC Montgomery ◽  
NW Pankhurst
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Pagrus Auratus ◽  
Swimming Mode ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Marine Rotifers

Pagrus auratus eggs were obtained from wild broodstock with naturally and artificially ovulated fish. Larvae were cultured for periods of up to 1 month on a diet of marine rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis. Small yolk-sac larvae hatched without functional eyes, mouth or digestive tract and for 3 days spent long periods at rest. Growth was initially rapid but slowed by 3 days as yolk reserves were nearing depletion. By Days 4-5, the mouth had opened, eyes were pigmented, yolk was depleted, and a rudimentary gut had formed. Larvae were now able to maintain a horizontal swimming mode and were actively searching for and attacking prey. First-feeding was observed in some larvae. Growth was retarded during the transition from endogenous to exogenous nutrition and then increased, probably as feeding proficiency improved with experience. Larvae starved from hatching did not survive for longer than 8 days.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENTS OF DIGESTIVE TRACT IN LARVAE OF CLIMBING PERCH, Anabas testudineus (Bloch)

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulintine Yulintine ◽  
Enang Harris ◽  
Dedi Jusadi ◽  
Ridwan Affandi ◽  
Alimuddin Alimuddin
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Straight Tube ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Anabas Testudineus ◽  
Climbing Perch ◽  
First Feeding

Climbing perch, Anabas testudineus (Bloch) is a potential species for aquaculture in Kalimantan, Indonesia and belongs to Anabantidae family. The development of its digestive tract was evaluated on larvae reared under culture conditions of 28oC-30oC, from hatching to 30 days after hatching using histological and morphological methods. The larvae were kept in six 100-L tanks. They were fed with rotifers and microalgae from day 2nd after hatching to day 10th; Artemia nauplii from day 7th to day 15th; Artemia meta-nauplii from day 15th to day 20th; and Tubifex worm from day 20th onwards. The development of digestive tract in climbing perch followed the general pattern described for other species. Shortly after hatching, its digestive system was found to be consisted of an undifferentiated straight tube laying dorsally to the yolk sac. At first feeding (day 2nd), both mouth and anus had opened and the yolk sac was partially absorbed. On day 3, the digestive tract was fully differentiated into buccopharynx, esophagus, intestine and rectum. The two pyloric caeca appeared on day 25th after hatching, indicating the transition from larval to juvenile stage and acquisition of an adult type of digestion.

Age-related changes in the visual acuity of larvae of New Zealand snapper, Pagrus auratus

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Pankhurst
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Theoretical Estimate ◽  
Exogenous Feeding ◽  
Optokinetic Response ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Reactive Distance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pagrus Auratus

Snapper Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider) (Pisces: Sparidae) larvae are visual feeders which initiate exogenous feeding four days after hatching. Visual acuity of cultured snapper larvae was determined morphologically from cone spacing within the retina, and improved from 2°10’ minimum separable angle (MSA) in a 4-d-old larva (3·2 mm SL) to 52’ in a fish 22 d old (5·8 mm SL). Visual acuity determined behaviourally using the optokinetic response, was poorer at the time of first feeding than acuity determined morphologically. Behaviourally determined acuity improved with growth from 38° in 4-d-old fish (mean SL 3·1 mm) to 8°8’ at 16 d of age (mean SL 4·9 mm). This was still lower than the theoretical estimate of acuity (55’ at 18 d old, 5·9 mm SL). An estimate of the Matthiessen ratio based upon histological measurements suggests that the larval eye is initially strongly myopic and grows into focus. Development of the lens accommodative system was first apparent in fish at 4 d of age as a pigmented outgrowth of the ventral iris. A retractor lentis muscle was present in 7-d-old larvae (3·5 mm SL) and suspensory ligaments were present in 10-d-old fish (3·6 mm SL). As a consequence, larval snapper were initially incapable of accommodative lens movements to correct for a refractive error. The maximum internal jaw dimensions, an estimate of maximum ingestible prey size, ranged from 152 μn at first feeding to 373 μm in a 22 d old larva. Reactive distance to prey based on MSA determined from the optokinetic response and maximum prey width, were small in first-feeding fish (0·2 mm for prey width of 150 μm), but increased linearly with both body size and prey width. Minimum separable angles of first-feeding snapper deter-mined optokinetically, were larger (lower acuity) than the visual angles determined from feeding events of first-feeding fish larvae reported elsewhere. This may reflect the fact that optokinetic experiments involve a single sensory modality and chemical sense and developing lateral line may contribute to visually oriented feeding.

The Effects of External Salinity on the Drinking Rates of the Larvae of Herring, Plaice and Cod

1988 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. TYTLER ◽  
J. H. BLAXTER
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Dextran ◽  
External Salinity

Drinking responses to salinity change in the larvae of herring (Clupea harengus L.), plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) and cod (Gadus morhua L.) were measured from the time course of uptake of dextran labelled with tritium, following immersion in solutions of 32‰ and 16‰ sea water. The yolk sac and first feeding larval stages of all three species drink in both salinities. Furthermore, post-yolk sac stages appear to adjust their drinking rates to compensate for different salinities in a manner similar to that of the adults. Drinking rates in 32‰ sea water are approximately double those in 16‰. Mass-related drinking rates of larvae are higher than those in adults, but the differences do not match the differences in surface area to mass ratios, suggesting that larval skin is less permeable to water than is adult gill epithelium. Water absorption is indicated by the evidence of concentration of dextran in the gut. The estimates of drinking rates from tritiated dextran uptake are supported by epifluorescence microscopical measurements of the uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran.

Differentiation of the yolk-sac endoderm under the influence of the digestive-tract mesenchyme

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-289
Author(s):  
Tohru Masui
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Intestinal Type ◽  
Area Vasculosa ◽  
Self Differentiation ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Area Pellucida

To reveal differentiation potency of yolk-sac endoderm, this tissue from quail embryos was cultured alone or in association with digestive-tract mesenchymes of chick embryos. When yolk-sac endoderm was cultured alone in vitro, the endoderm of the area vitellina differentiated into the yolk-sac parenchyma, but the endoderm of the extraembryonic area pellucida (EEAP) failed to differentiate into yolk-sac parenchyma, and the endoderm of the area vasculosa became necrotic. When endoderm of the area vitellina was cultured in association with digestive-tract mesenchymes, all the endodermal cells developed into yolk-sac parenchymal cells after two days. Later, basophilic cells appeared among them, and differentiated into both mesenchymespecific epithelia and intestinal-type epithelium with a striated border, and villi were also formed. Goblet cells appeared in all types of recombinations. The endoderm of the EEAP cultured with digestive-tract mesenchymes gave similar results to that of the area vitellina. In contrast, endoderm of the area vasculosa, when cultured with digestive-tract mesenchymes,became necrotic. The present investigation demonstrated that the endoderms of the area vitellina and of the EEAP differ in self-differentiation potency, and that their developmental fates can be modified by the influence of digestive-tract mesenchymes. These endoderms can differentiate into the mesenchyme-specific epithelia, though they often differentiate also into the intestinal-type epithelium.

Can larval snapper, Pagrus auratus, smell their new home?

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Radford ◽  
C. J. Sim-Smith ◽  
A. G. Jeffs
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Artificial Seawater ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Seagrass Habitat ◽  
Pagrus Auratus ◽  
Temperate Fish ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mussel Habitat

The ability to find a suitable settlement habitat after a pelagic larval period represents a significant challenge to marine settlement-stage larvae, and the mechanisms by which they achieve this are poorly understood. There is good evidence that olfactory cues are used by some coral reef fish larvae to locate suitable settlement habitats; however, the same understanding is lacking for marine temperate fish. Here we show for the first time that the larvae of an important commercial and recreational marine temperate fish, Pagrus auratus, can use olfactory cues to orient to appropriate settlement habitat. Using pairwise choice experiments, naive hatchery reared fish were offered water collected from a range of habitats in the Kaipara Harbour, an important nursery area for P. auratus. Larvae selected to swim towards water taken from over seagrass beds, their preferred settlement habitat, than water taken from the harbour entrance, Asian date mussel habitat, artificial seawater or artificial seawater in which seagrass had been soaked. The preference by the fish for water from the seagrass habitat over artificial seawater in which seagrass had been soaked strongly suggests that chemical cues from sources other than seagrass, such as from prey or conspecifics present in the seagrass habitat, may also be involved.

Ontogenetic dietary shifts of fishes in an Australian floodplain river

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. King
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Floodplain River ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Dietary Shifts ◽  
Australian Freshwater

The early life of fishes is marked by rapid development when individuals are thought to optimise their success through ontogeny by altering ecological niches and resources. Since most fish larvae are thought to require small prey items at first feeding, competition for potentially limiting food resources may occur between species creating a juvenile bottleneck, which may, in turn, influence future recruitment strength. The diets of the early life stages of most Australian freshwater fish are poorly known. The present study investigated the ontogenetic dietary patterns of six species of fish in an Australian floodplain river. A large proportion of first-feeding larvae of three species (Murray cod, Australian smelt and carp) were able to feed externally while still retaining their yolk sac. All species demonstrated major dietary shifts from newly hatched larvae through development into juvenile stages and adulthood. Only a few minor overlaps in diet were found, with greater overlaps commonly occurring between sequential stages of the same species, reflecting subtle ontogenetic changes. Despite two co-occurrences of an introduced and a native species using the same rearing habitat as larvae, dietary preferences did not significantly overlap, suggesting that a recruitment bottleneck caused by competition for food resources is unlikely for these species.

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