An experimental study of Phototactic responses of Tanytarsus barbitarsis Freeman (Diptera: Chironomidae

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Kokkinn ◽  
WD Williams
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Salt Lakes ◽  
Near Ultraviolet ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Do So

A series of salt lakes near Port Augusta, South Australia, supports large larval populations of Tanytarsus barbitarsis Freeman, a chironomid midge. When adults emerge they often fly to nearby artificial lights, and when large numbers do so a considerable nuisance to local residents is caused. In an investigation designed to provide control advice, those parts of the spectrum of particular attractivity to adults were identified in an experimental study of phototactic responses. Results indicated that the peak of attractivity lies in the near-ultraviolet part of the spectrum (370-400 nm). A second, weaker peak lies between 490 and 510 nm. Light intensity does not appear to be important. Certain sorts of commercially available lamps emit light with peaks in those parts of the spectrum attractive to T. barbitarsis and may be suitable for control purposes.

Deliberate Presleep Control of Dream Content: An Experimental Study

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 660-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Griffin ◽  
D. Foulkes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Reliable Evidence ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Do So

29 subjects attempted, over a period of 10 nights, to influence their dreams using techniques described in Garfield's book, Creative Dreaming (1974). A target suggestion was selected from a list of six suggestions compiled by, or for, each subject. Subjects kept daily records during the experiment both of their efforts at dream influence and of the dreams they recalled. Four judges attempted to identify from the dream material the target suggestion on each subject's suggestion list. The results indicated that the judges were unable to do so at better than chance levels. Thus analysis indicated no reliable evidence that conscious presleep suggestions become incorporated into dream content.

Historical Contingencies in the Evolution of States and Their Militaries

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-161
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bendor ◽  
Jacob N. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Law Of Large Numbers ◽  
International System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Selection Environment ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Chance Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

AbstractHistorians and some scholars of international relations have long argued that historical contingencies play a critical role in the evolution of the international system, but have not explained whether they do so to a greater extent than in other domains or why such differences may exist. The authors address these lacunae by identifying stable differences between war and other policy domains that render the evolution of the international system more subject to chance events than those other domains. The selection environment of international politics has produced tightly integrated organizations (militaries) as the domain’s key players to a much greater degree than other policy domains. Because there are few players, no law of large numbers holds, and because militaries are tightly integrated, microshocks can reverberate up to macro-organizational levels. The anarchic character of the international system amplifies the impact of these shocks. The authors explore these phenomena in a range of historical examples.

scholarly journals Experimental evaluation of the light sword lens performance with a variable pupil size

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Torres-Sepúlveda ◽  
Alejandro Mira-Agudelo ◽  
John Fredy Barrera ◽  
Andrzej Kolodziejczyk
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Focal Depth ◽  
Optical Element ◽  
Depth Of Focus ◽  
Variable Diameter ◽  
Diffraction Structure ◽  
Do So

This paper presents an experimental study designed to test the performance of the light sword lens (LSL) with different pupil sizes. To do so, Snellen optotype images obtained by a monofocal lens either with or without an LSL, were compared. Images were obtained for three different pupil sizes at several target vergences. The correlation coefficient and through-focus curves were obtained and compared. The experimental results show differences in the contrast and the depth of focus with different pupil sizes using the monofocal lens without an LSL. In contrast, when using the monofocal lens in combination with the LSL, the quality of the images is similar for all pupils and target vergences used, with slight differences only in halos and contrast. Full Text: PDF ReferencesG. Mikula, Z. Jaroszewicz, A. Kolodziejczyk, K. Petelczyc, M. Sypek, G. P. Agrawal, "Imaging with extended focal depth by means of lenses with radial and angular modulation", Opt Express 15, 9184, (2007). CrossRef A. Kolodziejczyk, S. Bará, Z. Jaroszewicz, M. Sypek, "The Light Sword Optical Element—a New Diffraction Structure with Extended Depth of Focus", J. Mod Opt. 37, 1283, (1990). CrossRef K. Petelczyc et al, "Presbyopia compensation with a light sword optical element of a variable diameter", Photonics Lett. Pol. 1, 55 (2009). DirectLink A. Mira-Agudelo et al, "Compensation of Presbyopia With the Light Sword Lens", Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 57, 6871, (2016). CrossRef R.A. Fisher, Statistical Methods for Research Workers (New York, Hafner, 13th Ed., 1958) CrossRef

scholarly journals Bullying: Perspectives on Research and Interventions

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond T. Chodzinski ◽  
Debra Pepler ◽  
Ken Rigby
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
South Australia ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Interview Process ◽  
On Line ◽  
Learning Journal ◽  
The University ◽  
Do So ◽  
Bullying In Schools

While reviewing various articles submitted for this issue I thought that there are experts on bullying who are probably not familiar with the Teaching and Learning journal but might be willing to contribute their viewpoint if they were invited to do so. With that premise in mind I contacted Dr. Debra Pepler of the La Marsh Institute, York University and Dr. Ken Rigby of the University of South Australia. Both are highly respected contributors to the international literature about bullying in schools and communities. Both readily agreed to be part of an on-line interview process.

Key Concepts and Definitions of Open Source Communities

2010 ◽  
pp. 753-760
Author(s):  
Ruben van Wendel de Joode ◽  
Sebastian Spaeth
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Open Source Communities ◽  
Do So

Most open source software is developed in online communities. These communities are typically referred to as “open source software communities” or “OSS communities.” In OSS communities, the source code, which is the human-readable part of software, is treated as something that is open and that should be downloadable and modifiable to anyone who wishes to do so. The availability of the source code has enabled a practice of decentralized software development in which large numbers of people contribute time and effort. Communities like Linux and Apache, for instance, have been able to connect thousands of individual programmers and professional organizations (although most project communities remain relatively small). These people and organizations are not confined to certain geographical places; on the contrary, they come from literally all continents and they interact and collaborate virtually.

Experimental Study on Angle-resolved Light Intensity Scattered Profile and Roughness Exponent of Self-affine Fractal Surface

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 2208-2215
Author(s):  
张宁玉 Zhang Ningyu ◽  
程传福 Cheng Chuanfu ◽  
张俊超 Zhang Junchao ◽  
滕树云 Teng Shuyun
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Fractal Surface ◽  
Roughness Exponent

scholarly journals Recent Results from the CANGAROO Project

1996 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 363-364
Author(s):  
S.A. Dazeley ◽  
P.G. Edwards ◽  
J.R. Patterson ◽  
G.P. Rowell ◽  
M. Sinnott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Relativistic Electrons ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Inverse Compton ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Large Telescopes ◽  
Very High

TheCollaboration ofAustralia andNippon for aGAmmaRayObservatory in theOutback operates two large telescopes at Woomera (South Australia), which detect the Čerenkov light images produced in the atmosphere by electronpositron cascades initiated by very high energy (~1 TeV or 1012eV) gamma rays. These gamma rays arise from a different mechanism than at EGRET energies: inverse Compton (IC) emission from relativistic electrons.The spoke-like images are recorded by a multi-pixel camera which facilitates the rejection of the large numbers of oblique and ragged cosmic ray images. A field of view ~3.5° is required. The Australian team operates a triple 4 m diameter mirror telescope, BIGRAT, with a 37 photomultiplier tube camera and energy threshold 600 GeV. The Japanese operate a single, highly accurate 3.8 m diameter f/1 telescope and high resolution 256 photomultipler tube camera. In 1998 a new 7 m telescope is planned for Woomera with a design threshold ~;200GeV.

scholarly journals Grand, A Giant Radio Array For Neutrino Detection: Objectives, Design And Current Status

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Matias Tueros
Keyword(s):  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Neutrino Detection ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Radio Transients ◽  
Construction Plans ◽  
Do So

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) aims to answer one of the most pressing open questions in astrophysics: what is the origin of ultra-highenergy cosmic rays (UHECRs)?. It will do so indirectly: UHECRs make secondary UHE neutrinos which encode information about the properties of UHECRs and their sources. GRAND is designed to discover UHE neutrinos even under pessimistic predictions of their flux, reaching a sensitivity of 6x10−9GeV.cm−2.s−1.sr−1 around 109GeV. It will do so by using 20 sub-arrays of 10 000 radio antennas forming a total detector area of 200 000 km2, making it the largest air-shower detector ever built. With this sensitivity, GRAND will discover cosmogenic neutrinos in 3 years of operation, even in disfavorable scenarios. Because of its subdegree angular resolution, GRAND will also search for point sources of UHE neutrinos, both steady and transient. Moreover, GRAND will be a valuable instrument for astronomy and cosmology, allowing for the discovery and followup of large numbers of radio transients - fast radio bursts, giant radio pulses - and studies of the epoch of reionization. In this contribution we will present briefly some of the science goals, detection strategy, construction plans and current status of the GRAND project.

Dim light vision of Squilla mantis L

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (5) ◽  
pp. 927-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schiff
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Green Fluorescence ◽  
Fiber Analysis ◽  
Near Ultraviolet ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
Dim Light Vision ◽  
Shape And Size

The anatomy of the eye of Squilla mantis and the geometrical optics derived from it are briefly described. The shape and size of the electroretinogram (ERG) are dependent on a) position where it is picked up, b) the light intensity, and c) the change of intensity. Single-fiber analysis confirms the results obtained by the anatomy and the ERG of the eye. Frequency of response of a single secondary fiber to intensity changes of light is proportional to the derivate dI/dt ( I = intensity; t = time). The Squilla sees a moving object as the sum of the intensity changes caused by that object, varied in time and space. The eyes have a maximum of sensitivity for light of 535–555 mµ wavelength, and a second maximum in the near ultraviolet light, the latter partly seen as green fluorescence due to an eye pigment. Anatomy, physiology, and the environmental conditions have been combined to explain the vision of this animal, adapted to his life in the blue-violet twilight of the deeper Mediterranean sea.

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