Sedimentary provinces, and associated bedforms and benthos on the Scott Reef-Rowley Shoals platform off north-west Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ McLoughlin ◽  
TLO Davis ◽  
TJ Ward
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
North West ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
High Carbonate

The distribution of sediment types on the Scott Reef-Rowley Shoals platform, a marginal plateau adjoining the continental shelf of north-west Australia, has been investigated. Sediments in this region are predominately muds, with a high carbonate content. Sands, which are scarce, are mainly composed of both benthic and pelagic skeletal remains, with any gravel-sized material consisting of relict molluscan debris and, occasionally, relict coralline material. Correlation of sediment type with sea-bed characteristics as determined from photographs of the bottom at the same site showed significant relationships between mean grain size, and degree of sediment rippling and benthic activity. Similar correlations were found for the skewness measure of the analysis of sediment grain-size frequency. It is concluded that sediment type bears strong relationships with benthic activity and bedform morphology. Correlations between sediment provinces and the distribution of Australian scampi (Metanephrops sp.), a relatively new fishery in the region, are discussed.

Sedimentary provinces of the fishing grounds of the North West Shelf of Australia: Grain-size frequency analysis of surficial sediments

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ McLoughlin ◽  
PC Young
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Size Frequency ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Shelf Slope

As part of a multidisciplinary study of the continental shelf of north-west Australia, 354 sediment samples were taken to describe the distribution of sedimentary provinces contained within the region. A grain-size frequency analysis and subsequent classification have revealed six principal sediment types roughly corresponding to an east-west and inshore-offshore distribution. The study area is characterized by coarse skeletal detritus in the south-west, with a transition to a significant accretionary carbonate component in the form of oolites, pellets and infilled biogenic particles in the north-east. Superimposed on this pattern is a decrease in grain size from shallow to deeper waters, culminating in carbonate muds on the shelf slope. Carbonate content of sediments is uniformly high, ranging from 60 to 100% of the total weight of all samples. Non-carbonate material is principally clay; however, small quantities (less than 1%) of fine sand-size angular quartz are present.

Note on the sediments and hydrology of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
IF Somers ◽  
BG Long
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Tidal Mixing ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
North West ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
The North ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Torres Strait

The Gulf of Carpentaria is a large embayment less than 70 m deep on Australia's remote northern coastline. This paper, which describes aspects of its hydrology and variation in sediment types, is part of a larger study of the size and distribution of commercial fish resources of the gulf. Much of the data on the hydrology and sediments were collected during a gulf-wide survey in November and December 1990. Waters in the central part of the gulf were found to be vertically stratified, with bottom temperatures just below 25°C and surface temperatures around 30°C. The waters to the north of the gulf remained well mixed, presumably because of greater tidal mixing through the Torres Strait. In contrast to water temperature, salinity was relatively uniform throughout the water column: between 35 and 36. In depths below 20 m, there was a clear trend in sediment grain size, from sediments of >80% >63 pm (sandy) in the south-eastern gulf to sediments of > 80% < 63�m (muddy) in the north-west. A second muddy zone was also evident in the coastal zone (<20 m) in sheltered embayments or adjacent to rivers.

scholarly journals Remote sensing of underwater vegetation using single-beam acoustics

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Quintino ◽  
Rosa Freitas ◽  
Renato Mamede ◽  
Fernando Ricardo ◽  
Ana Maria Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Caulerpa Prolifera ◽  
Sandy Sediments

Abstract Quintino, V., Freitas, R., Mamede, R., Ricardo, F., Rodrigues, A. M., Mota, J., Pérez-Ruzafa, Á., and Marcos, C. 2010. Remote sensing of underwater vegetation using single-beam acoustics. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 594–605. A single-beam, acoustic, ground-discrimination system (QTC VIEW, Series V) was used to study the distribution of underwater macrophytes in a shallow-water coastal system, employing frequencies of 50 and 200 kHz. The study was conducted in Mar Menor, SE Spain, where the expansion of Caulerpa prolifera has contributed to the silting up of the superficial sediments. A direct relationship was identified between algal biomass and sediment-fines content. Acoustic information on sediment grain size and data on algal biomass were obtained in muddy and sandy sediments, including vegetated and non-vegetated seabed. Non-vegetated muddy areas were created by diving and handpicking the algae. The multivariate acoustic data were analysed under the null hypotheses that there were no acoustic differences between bare seabeds with contrasting superficial sediment types or among low, medium, and high algal-biomass areas, having in mind that grain size can act as a confounding factor. Both null hypotheses were rejected, and the results showed that 200 kHz was better than 50 kHz in distinguishing cover levels of algal biomass. The relationship between the 200-kHz acoustic data and algal biomass suggests utility in modelling the latter using the former.

scholarly journals Distribusi Foraminifera Bentonik Hidup dalam Hubungannya dengan Sedimen Dasar Laut di Selat Sumba, Nusa Tenggara Timur

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Purna Sulastya Putra ◽  
Septriono Hari Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Coarse Silt ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Floor Surface ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Box Corer

Marine geological survey of Ekspedisi Widya Nusantara (EWIN) LIPI 2016 was conducted by using RV Baruna Jaya VIII in the Sumba Waters from 4 to 26 August 2016. One of the aim of this survey is to understand the sea floor surface sediment characteristics and its influence to the benthic foraminifera distribution. Seven sediment samples were collected from sea floor surface in Sumba Strait, at the different location and depth using grabbing method with box corer. The samples have analyzed for the foraminifera content, sediment grain size, organic matter and carbonate content, and chemical element by XRF method. The living benthic foraminifera distribution increase to the east of the research area, which have higher content of the organic material and Fe, Rb, Zr, Zn and Sr elements in the sediment. The benthic foraminifera distribution most abundance founded at the depth of 800-1000 m with sediment types are sandy coarse silt  to sandy very coarse silt.Keywords: Benthic foraminifera, distribution, sea floor sediment, Sumba Strait.

Inferring substrate preferences from test morphology in echinoids, and interpreting spatial and temporal patterns of diversity

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 121-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burchard D. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Substrate Preferences ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Profile Control ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Better Than

Preservational style of fossil echinoid tests allows assessment of the likelihood of post-mortem transport out of the preferred sediment type of the living echinoid. Sedimentologic study of the matrix of untransported specimens allows a check on functional morphologic inferences of the species' preferred sediment types. Functional morphologic analysis allows inference of a species preferred sediment type because the petals, fasciolaes, tubercles, ambulacral pores, ambulacral shape, and test profile control the echinoid's ability to burrow, and the grain size of sediment into which it is capable of doing so. Past studies have achieved better than 90% accuracy in predicting the grain size of thin sections of rocks containing echinoids, simply by interpretation of their functional morphology. Most mistaken predictions are attributable to species living in sediments that are less difficult to burrow in (sands) than those to which they are adapted (muds). Other species may live in sediments in which they are not well adapted by assuming an epifaunal mode of life.Relative proportions of species in an echinoid fauna preferring various sediment grain sizes, plotted for each of a number of localities, has proven useful in inferring generalized facies patterns within regions.Plots of temporal changes in echinoid species diversity through time correspond well to changes in proportions of species inferred to have preferred various substrate conditions, suggesting an environmental and taphonomic component to simple diversity curves.

scholarly journals Distribusi Foraminifera Bentonik Hidup dalam Hubungannya dengan Sedimen Dasar Laut di Selat Sumba, Nusa Tenggara Timur

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Purna Sulastya Putra ◽  
Septriono Hari Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Coarse Silt ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Floor Surface ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Box Corer

Marine geological survey of Ekspedisi Widya Nusantara (EWIN) LIPI 2016 was conducted by using RV Baruna Jaya VIII in the Sumba Waters from 4 to 26 August 2016. One of the aim of this survey is to understand the sea floor surface sediment characteristics and its influence to the benthic foraminifera distribution. Seven sediment samples were collected from sea floor surface in Sumba Strait, at the different location and depth using grabbing method with box corer. The samples have analyzed for the foraminifera content, sediment grain size, organic matter and carbonate content, and chemical element by XRF method. The living benthic foraminifera distribution increase to the east of the research area, which have higher content of the organic material and Fe, Rb, Zr, Zn and Sr elements in the sediment. The benthic foraminifera distribution most abundance founded at the depth of 800-1000 m with sediment types are sandy coarse silt  to sandy very coarse silt.Keywords: Benthic foraminifera, distribution, sea floor sediment, Sumba Strait. DOI: 10.33332/jgsm.2019.v20.1.17-26

scholarly journals Characteristics of Boleng Strait Sediments, East Nusa Tenggara, and its Relationship with Current Velocity

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hananto Kurnio ◽  
Ai Yuningsih ◽  
Rina Zuraida
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Current Velocity ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
Seafloor Sediments ◽  
Seafloor Sediment

Islands of Nusa Tenggara are separated by narrow and deep straits resulted from complex tectonic activties. One of the strait is Boleng Strait where tidal current as high as 310 cm/s occurred which might be suitable for an ocean current power plant. Utilization of such resources would need various information of the area, one of them is sediment textures that characterized the seafloor and coastal area and their relationship to current velocity. Grain size analyses were conducted on 12 seafloor sediment samples and 26 coastal sediment samples to identify sediment texture. An additonal 14 seafloor sediment samples with limited volume were observed to determine their sediment types. The result of analysis yielded six types of seafloor sediments: Sand, Gravelly Sand, Sandy Gravel, Silty Sand and Sandy Silt. The sediment grain size is equally influenced by current velocity (r = 0.57) and water depth (r = 0.52) which is reflected by sediment distribution: coarse–grain sediments cover the area near Boleng Strait which has stronger current and fine–grain sediments cover the inner part of the Lewoleba Bay. Plot of six sets of mean grain size and current velocity on Hjulström diagram shows that most of seafloor sediments are on the move and one (SBL. 14) is being eroded. This condition might affect the turbine and thus needs to be taken into consideration when designing the turbine. Grain size analyses on coastal sediment samples show that the mean grain size of coastal sediments ranges between 0.19 mm and 0.62 mm with average value of 0.33 mm that is classified as medium sand. Sand fraction in coastal sediments composes 57% to 100% of the sediments. Observation on mineralogy of the sediments shows abundance of magnetite that concentrates in the fine and medium sand fractions. The presence of magnetite indicate that current–related selective entrainment occurs in the study area. This condition suggests that the coastal area is also strongly affected by ocean current.Key words: current velocity, sediment grain size, Boleng Strait.Aktivitas tektonik di Nusa Tenggara Timur menyebabkan terbentuknya batimetri yang kompleks di sekitar kepulauan tersebut yang dicirikan oleh adanya selat sempit dan dalam yang memisahkan pulau–pulau. Salah satu selat tersebut adalah Selat Boleng yang memiliki kecepatan arus terukur maksimum sebesar 310 cm/s yang dapat digunakan sebagai pembangkit energi listrik. Desain turbin arus akan membutuhkan banyak informasi, salah satunya adalah sedimen dasar laut dan pantai serta hubungannya dengan kecepatan arus. Analisis besar butir dilakukan pada 12 sampel sedimen dasar laut dan 26 sampel sedime pantai untuk menentukan jenis sediment. Sebanyak 14 sampel sedimen dasar laut dengan volume terbatas diamati untuk mengetahui jenis sedimen. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sedimen dasar laut terdiri atas enam jenis: Pasir, Pasir Kerikilan, Kerikil pasiran, Pasir Lanauan dan Lanau Pasiran. Ukuran butir sedimen dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan arus (r = 0.57) dan kedalaman laut (r = 0.52) yang tercermin pada distribusi sedimen: sedimen berukuran kasar menutupi dasar laut di dekat Selat Boleng yang berarus lebih kuat, dan sedimen berukuran halus menutupi dasar laut di bagian dalam Teluk Lewoleba. Plot enam set ukuran butir rata–rata dan kecepatan arus pada diagram Hjulström menunjukkan bahwa hampir seluruh sampel berada dalam kondisi bergerak dan bahkan satu (SBL. 14) sedang mengalami erosi. Kondisi ini akan mempengaruhi turbin sehingga perlu dijadikan pertimbangan saat mendesain turbin. Hasil analisis besar butir pada sedimen pantai menunjukkan bahwa ukuran butir rata–rata sedimen pantau berkisar 0.19 mm dan 0.62 mm dengan nilai rata–rata 0.33 mm yang termasuk dalam fraksi pasir sedang. Fraksi pasir dalam sedimen pantai menyusun 57%–100% sedimen. Pengamatan mineralogi menunjukkan melimpahnya magnetit yang terkonsentrasi pada fraksi pasir halus–sedang. Keberadaan magnetit menunjukkan adanya proses pemisahan yang berkaitan dengan arus laut. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa daerah pantai Selat Boleng juga dipengaruhi oleh arus laut. Kata Kunci: kecepatan arus, ukuran butir sedimen, Selat Boleng.

scholarly journals Distribusi Foraminifera Bentonik Hidup dalam Hubungannya dengan Sedimen Dasar Laut di Selat Sumba, Nusa Tenggara Timur

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Purna Sulastya Putra ◽  
Septriono Hari Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Coarse Silt ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Floor Surface ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Box Corer

Marine geological survey of Ekspedisi Widya Nusantara (EWIN) LIPI 2016 was conducted by using RV Baruna Jaya VIII in the Sumba Waters from 4 to 26 August 2016. One of the aim of this survey is to understand the sea floor surface sediment characteristics and its influence to the benthic foraminifera distribution. Seven sediment samples were collected from sea floor surface in Sumba Strait, at the different location and depth using grabbing method with box corer. The samples have analyzed for the foraminifera content, sediment grain size, organic matter and carbonate content, and chemical element by XRF method. The living benthic foraminifera distribution increase to the east of the research area, which have higher content of the organic material and Fe, Rb, Zr, Zn and Sr elements in the sediment. The benthic foraminifera distribution most abundance founded at the depth of 800-1000 m with sediment types are sandy coarse silt  to sandy very coarse silt.Keywords: Benthic foraminifera, distribution, sea floor sediment, Sumba Strait. DOI: 10.33332/jgsm.2019.v20.1.17-26

scholarly journals Patterns of grain-size temporal variation of sediment transported by overland flow associated with moving storms: interpreting soil flume experiments

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2605-2615 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. M. P. de Lima ◽  
P. A. Dinis ◽  
C. S. Souza ◽  
M. I. P. de Lima ◽  
P. P. Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Flume Experiments ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Sediment Size ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
Recession Limb

Abstract. This study describes and interprets the evolution of grain-size distribution of sediment yields generated in an experimental soil flume subjected to downstream and upstream moving rain storms. Results of laboratory experiments show that downstream moving storms cause more soil loss than do upstream moving storms. The pattern of sediment grain-size evolution in time during a runoff event exhibits a clear dependence on the direction of storm movement. A strong relationship between overland flow discharge and mean sediment size is found. Nevertheless, the mean grain-size of sediments transported during the rising limb of the hydrograph is coarser than during the recession limb of the hydrograph. This is more marked for downstream moving storms.

Early carbonate diagenesis within Phanerozoic shales and sandstones of the NW European Shelf

Clay Minerals ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Gluyas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Carbonate Diagenesis ◽  
Bacterial Oxidation ◽  
North West ◽  
Nodular Limestone ◽  
High Carbonate ◽  
Early Carbonate ◽  
Reservoir Potential ◽  
High Carbonate Content

AbstractContinuous nodular limestone beds in north-west European shale sequences developed during early diagenesis via anaerobic, bacterial catabolysis of organic matter which yielded both carbonate and sulphide. The high carbonate content of the nodular limestones (50–90%) demonstrates that they developed in the upper tens of metres of the sediment column. In addition, each of the nodular limestones displays a centrifugal decrease in carbonate, indicating that growth was synchronous with compaction of the host ooze. The chemistry of the carbonate changed with time, becoming more rich in magnesium and iron and reflecting a progressive change in the porewater chemistry from its initially marine composition. The earliest precipitate was calcite containing < 1 mole% MgO; later precipitates contained several percent MgO and ultimately dolomite was precipitated. Similarly, iron content of the carbonate increased as precipitation continued and sulphate reduction, and thus pyrite production, declined. The early diagenetic cementation of many marine sandstones followed a pattern similar to that of nodular limestones and much of the carbonate was also derived from organic matter via bacterial oxidation. Thus, early diagenetic bacterial oxidation of organic matter may not only reduce the source potential of shales but also reduce the reservoir potential of associated sandstones, or those more distant which lie along compactional-fluid pathways.

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