Individual and combined effects of zinc, cadmium and copper on the marine amphipod Allorchestes compressa

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ahsanullah ◽  
MC Mobley ◽  
P Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Toxic Unit ◽  
Similar Action ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Action Model ◽  
Marine Amphipod ◽  
Action Models

The acute toxicity of zinc, cadmium and copper to A. compressa was assessed in single, paired and triad combinations. Copper was 1.6 times more toxic than cadmium and 4 times more toxic than zinc. When tested in combinations of paired metals, independent dissimilar and simple similar action models, both of which are non-interactive in their classification, were rejected. In one case, the expected mortalities were lower (antagonism) which suggested that paired metals acted interactively. For the combination of three metals, the mortalities were predictable by the simple similar action model (non- interactive). Except for the Zn-Cd combination, the toxic unit concept underestimated the expected mortalities in the test combinations.

scholarly journals Pengujian Toksisitas Lindi Instalasi Pengolahan Lindi TPA Piyungan pada Daphnia sp. dengan Whole Effluent Toxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Ika Bayu Kartikasari ◽  
M Widyastuti ◽  
Suwarno Hadisusanto
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Unit ◽  
Whole Effluent Toxicity ◽  
Effluent Toxicity ◽  
Very High

Lindi adalah rembesan yang melalui tumpukan sampah hasil endapan yang berada di bawah landfill yang terakumulasi yang terdiri dari bahan organik dan anorganik. Lindi hasil pengolahan IPL TPA Piyungan masih memiliki potensi pencemaran lindi menjadi permasalahan yang masih memiliki nilai toksisitas yang tinggi. Perlu adanya pengukuran toksisitas untuk mengetahui pengaruh pencemaran lindi terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) melakukan analisis efektivitas hasil pengolahan lindi di IPL TPA Piyungan, dan (2) melakukan pengujian toksisitas akut dengan WET (Whole Effluent Toxicity) menggunakan Daphnia sp. pada pengolahan lindi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni melakukan uji laboratorium pada parameter pengolahan lindi yang disesuaikan dengan permen LHK No. 59 tahun 2016 untuk pengukuran efektivitas pengolahan lindi, uji LC50 untuk mengetahui tingkat tokisitas akut pada influen dan efluen pengolahan lindi. proses pengolahan lindi TPA Piyungan terdiri dari Kolam Sedimentasi, Aerasi, dan Desinfeksi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Efektivitas pengolahan lindi TPA Piyungan pada parameter berturut-turut TSS 56 %; BOD 82 %; COD 0 %; TN 41,67%; dan Hg 14 %. Hasil efektivitas pengolahan lindi tersebut tidak mempengaruhi peningkatan perbaikan kualitas lindi yang disesuaikan Peraturan Menteri LHK No 59/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/7/2016 masih melebihi baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan kecuali parameter BOD, (2) Toksisitas lindi TPA Piyungan dikategorikan Very High Acute Toxicity pada influen dan High Acute Toxicity efluen IPL Piyungan. Kematian 50% populasi daphnia untuk contoh uji influen IPL Piyungan sebesar 0,482% dengan Toxic Unit acute (TUa) sebesar 203,33. Contoh uji efluen IPL Piyungan sebesar 2,752% dengan Toxic Unit acute (TUa) sebesar 36,33.

Acute toxicity of ammonia to four species of marine amphipod

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.P. Kohn ◽  
J.Q. Word ◽  
D.K. Niyogi ◽  
T. Dillon ◽  
D.W. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Marine Amphipod

Toxicity bioassays of cadmium on selected freshwater invertebrates and the interaction of cadmium and zinc on the freshwater shrimp, Paratya tasmaniensis Riek

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
VJ Thorp ◽  
PS Lake
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Toxic Unit ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrates ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrate

In acute toxicity bioassays with cadmium sulphate at 15� C in soft water (total hardness 10 mg/l as calcium carbonate), the concentrations fatal to 50 % of the test animals were determined for five freshwater invertebrate species. The 96 hr median lethal concentration (LC50) of cadmium was 0.04 mg/l for the amphipod Austrochiltonia subtenuis Sayce, 0.06 mg/l for the shrimp Paratya tasmaniensis Riek, 0.84 mg/l for the ephemeropteran nymph Atalophlebia australis Walker, 250 mg/l for the zygopteran nymph Ischnura heterosticta (Burmeister) and well over 2000 mg/l for a trichopteran larva of the Leptoceridae. The bioassays on Paratya indicared that there may be seasonal differences in sensitivity to cadmium. The 96 hr LC50 for zinc for Paratya was 1.21 mg/l. Zinc and cadmium appeared to interact less than additively at concentrations below 1 toxic unit. Above this concentration, their interaction was strictly additive.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Baffle Fixes Film up Flow Sludge Blanket Filtration (BFUSBF) System in Treatment of Wastewaters from Phenol and 2,4-Dinitrophenol Using Daphnia Magna Bioassay

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Ghannadzadeh ◽  
◽  
Ahmad Jonidi Jafari ◽  
Abbas Rezaee ◽  
Fatemeh Eftekharian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Toxic Unit ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
As Toxicity

Background: Phenol and nitrophenol are common compounds found in different types of industrial wastewater known as serious threats to human health and natural environment. In this study, Daphnia magna was used to evaluate the effectiveness of "baffle fixes film up flow sludge blanket filtration" (BFUSBF) system in elimination of phenolic compounds from water. Methods: D. magna cultures were used as toxicity index of phenol and 2,4-DNP mixtures after treatment by a pilot BFUSBF system which consisted of baffle in anoxic section and biofilm in aerobic sections. Initial concentrations were 312 mg/L phenol and 288 mg/L 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP). Results: Bioassay tests showed that D. magna was influenced by the toxicity of phenol and 2,4 DNP mixtures. The comparison between the toxicity of initial phenol and 2,4-DNP mixtures and the output toxic unit (TU) derived from BFUSBF treatment system showed that the TU of the effluent from BFUSBF reactor was much lower than that of the solution that entered the reactor. Conclusion: Based on the acute toxicity test, BFUSBF process could reduce phenol and 2,4-DNP in aqueous solutions. Therefore, it is possible to use BFUSBF process as an appropriate treatment option for wastewaters containing phenolic compounds.

scholarly journals Products of Variables in Structural Equation Models: Multiplicative Reticular Action Models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Boker ◽  
Timo von Oertzen ◽  
Andreas Markus Brandmaier
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
Action Model ◽  
Action Models ◽  
Special Case ◽  
General Method

A general method is introduced in which variables that are products of other variables in the context of a structural equation model (SEM) can be decomposed into the sources of variance due to the multiplicands. The result is a new category of SEM which we call a Multiplicative Reticular Action Model (XRAM). XRAM can include interactions between latent variables, multilevel random coefficients, latent variable moderators, and novel constructs such as factors of paths and twin genetic decomposition of multilevel random coefficients. The method relies on an assumption that all variance sources in a model can be decomposed into linear combinations of independent normal standardized variables. Although the distribution of a variable that is an outcome of multiplication between other variables is not normal, the assumption is that it can be decomposed into sources that are normal if one takes into account the non-normality induced by the multiplication. The method is applied to an example to show how in a special case it is equivalent to known unbiased and efficient estimators in the statistical literature. Two simulations are presented that demonstrate the precision of the approximation and implement the method to estimate parameters in a multilevel autoregressive framework.

Convergence, continuity, recurrence and Turing completeness in dynamic epistemic logic1

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1213-1238
Author(s):  
Dominik Klein ◽  
Rasmus K Rendsvig
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Logic ◽  
Dynamic Epistemic Logic ◽  
Model Transformations ◽  
Continuous Mappings ◽  
Turing Completeness ◽  
Action Model ◽  
Free Case ◽  
Finite Action ◽  
Action Models ◽  
Turing Complete

Abstract The paper analyses dynamic epistemic logic from a topological perspective. The main contribution consists of a framework in which dynamic epistemic logic satisfies the requirements for being a topological dynamical system thus interfacing discrete dynamic logics with continuous mappings of dynamical systems. The setting is based on a notion of logical convergence, demonstratively equivalent with convergence in Stone topology. Presented is a flexible, parametrized family of metrics inducing the Stone topology, used as an analytical aid. We show maps induced by action model transformations continuous with respect to the Stone topology and present results on the recurrent behaviour of said maps. Among the recurrence results, we show maps induced by finite action models may have uncountably many recurrent points, even when initiated on a finite input model. Several recurrence results draws on the class of action models being Turing complete, for which the paper provides proof in the postcondition-free case. As upper bounds, it is shown that either 1 atom, 3 agents and preconditions of modal depth 18 or 1 atom, 7 agents and preconditions of modal depth 3 suffice for Turing completeness.

scholarly journals SPATIAL MOTION PATTERNS: ACTION MODELS FROM SEMI-DENSE TRAJECTORIES

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (07) ◽  
pp. 1460011 ◽  
Author(s):  
THANH PHUONG NGUYEN ◽  
ANTOINE MANZANERA ◽  
MATTHIEU GARRIGUES ◽  
NGOC-SON VU
Keyword(s):  
Moving Objects ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Local Binary Patterns ◽  
Point Particle ◽  
Spatial Motion ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Action Model ◽  
Global Representation ◽  
Action Models

A new action model is proposed, by revisiting local binary patterns (LBP) for dynamic texture models, applied on trajectory beams calculated on the video. The use of semi-dense trajectory field allows to dramatically reduce the computation support to essential motion information, while maintaining a large amount of data to ensure robustness of statistical bag of features action models. A new binary pattern, called Spatial Motion Pattern (SMP) is proposed, which captures self-similarity of velocity around each tracked point (particle), along its trajectory. This operator highlights the geometric shape of rigid parts of moving objects in a video sequence. SMPs are combined with basic velocity information to form the local action primitives. Then, a global representation of a space × time video block is provided by using hierarchical blockwise histograms, which allows to efficiently represent the action as a whole, while preserving a certain level of spatiotemporal relation between the action primitives. Inheriting from the efficiency and the invariance properties of both the semi-dense tracker Video extruder and the LBP-based representations, the method is designed for the fast computation of action descriptors in unconstrained videos. For improving both robustness and computation time in the case of high definition video, we also present an enhanced version of the semi-dense tracker based on the so-called super particles, which reduces the number of trajectories while improving their length, reliability and spatial distribution.

Assessment and Prediction of Mixture Effects of Four Different Types of Organic Pollutants on Photobacterium

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Lin Ge ◽  
Shu Shen Liu ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Yao Wan ◽  
Yan Ling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Concentration Addition ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Independent Action ◽  
Dimethyl Phthalate ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Mixture Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Action Models

The low-dose and combined effects of aniline, 2-methyl-aniline, 3-methyl-aniline, 4-methyl-aniline, nitrobenzene, 4-methyl-nitrobenzene, phenol, 2-methyl-phenol, 3-methyl-phenol, 4-methyl-phenol, dimethyl phthalate, and diethyl phthalate on photobacterium Vibrio qinghaiensis were predicted and evaluated by using concentration addition and independent action models. The mixture effects can be predicted by concentration addition and independent action models. Combined effect of environmental pollutants should be considered in risk assessment practice.

ARMS: an automatic knowledge engineering tool for learning action models for AI planning

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
KANGHENG WU ◽  
QIANG YANG ◽  
YUNFEI JIANG
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Engineering ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Propositional Satisfiability ◽  
Ai Planning ◽  
Model Learning ◽  
Frequent Sets ◽  
Action Model ◽  
Action Models ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Modelling System

AbstractWe present an action model learning system known as ARMS (Action-Relation Modelling System) for automatically discovering action models from a set of successfully observed plans. Current artificial intelligence (AI) planners show impressive performance in many real world and artificial domains, but they all require the definition of an action model. ARMS is aimed at automatically learning action models from observed example plans, where each example plan is a sequence of action traces. These action models can then be used by the human editors to refine. The expectation is that this system will lessen the burden of the human editors in designing action models from scratch. In this paper, we describe the ARMS in detail. To learn action models, ARMS gathers knowledge on the statistical distribution of frequent sets of actions in the example plans. It then builds a weighted propositional satisfiability (weighted SAT) problem and solves it using a weighted MAXSAT solver. Furthermore, we show empirical evidence that ARMS can indeed learn a good approximation of the finally action models effectively.

Mixture Effects of Five Different Types of Organic Pollutants on Photobacterium Q67

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 768-771
Author(s):  
Hui Lin Ge ◽  
Shu Shen Liu ◽  
Bing Xia Su ◽  
Jian Guo Li ◽  
Gui Hao Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Concentration Addition ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Independent Action ◽  
Dimethyl Phthalate ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Mixture Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Action Models

The low-dose and combined effects of aniline, nitrobenzene, phenol, dimethyl phthalate, and dichlorvos on photobacteriumVibrio qinghaiensiswere predicted and evaluated by using concentration addition and independent action models. The mixtures effects were greater than single components effects, which implied that combined effect of environmental pollutants should be considered in risk assessment practice.

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