Toxicity bioassays of cadmium on selected freshwater invertebrates and the interaction of cadmium and zinc on the freshwater shrimp, Paratya tasmaniensis Riek

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
VJ Thorp ◽  
PS Lake
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Toxic Unit ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrates ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrate

In acute toxicity bioassays with cadmium sulphate at 15� C in soft water (total hardness 10 mg/l as calcium carbonate), the concentrations fatal to 50 % of the test animals were determined for five freshwater invertebrate species. The 96 hr median lethal concentration (LC50) of cadmium was 0.04 mg/l for the amphipod Austrochiltonia subtenuis Sayce, 0.06 mg/l for the shrimp Paratya tasmaniensis Riek, 0.84 mg/l for the ephemeropteran nymph Atalophlebia australis Walker, 250 mg/l for the zygopteran nymph Ischnura heterosticta (Burmeister) and well over 2000 mg/l for a trichopteran larva of the Leptoceridae. The bioassays on Paratya indicared that there may be seasonal differences in sensitivity to cadmium. The 96 hr LC50 for zinc for Paratya was 1.21 mg/l. Zinc and cadmium appeared to interact less than additively at concentrations below 1 toxic unit. Above this concentration, their interaction was strictly additive.

Acute toxicity and accumulation of microcystin-leucine-arginine in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852)

Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua An ◽  
Zhenhua An ◽  
Longsheng Sun ◽  
Zhenhua An ◽  
Longsheng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms

The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity effect and the accumulation of microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) on the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852). Juvenile P. clarkii (5.47 ± 1.3 g) were cultured under 5 different MC-LR concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8 mg/l), then the acute toxicity effect was observed. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of MC-LR on juvenile P. clarkii was 3.741 mg/l at 24 h, 1.494 mg/l at 48 h, 0.817 mg/l at 72 h and 0.567 mg/l at 96 h. Accumulation of MC-LR was measured in different organs of mature P. clarkii (58.7 ± 3.8 g) exposed to 0.3 mg/l MC-LR for 120 h. The detected MC-LR concentration decreased in the sequence: hepatopancreas > ovary > abdominal muscle > intestine. Hepatopancreas and ovary were found to be the main targets of the toxin. The results suggested that the MC-LR produced by cyanobacteria blooms could not only reduce the survival rate of juvenile P. clarkii but also affect the fecundity of mature crayfish. This research also provides a reference basis for the detection and assessment of the pollution of water bodies in P. clarkii culture.

Acute Toxicity of Nitrite to Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1653-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie C. Russo ◽  
Charlie E. Smith ◽  
Robert V. Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Flow Through

Flow-through bioassays on the acute toxicity of nitrite to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of four different sizes (2–235 g) showed median lethal concentration (LC50) values for 4 days ranging from 0.19 to 0.39 mg/liter NO2–N. For 12-g rainbow trout the asymptotic LC50 was 0.14–0.15 mg/liter NO2–N after 8 days.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acute Toxicity of Mercury, Cadmium and Zinc to a Freshwater Mussel Lamellidens consobrinus

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R. Bhamre ◽  
S.P. Thorat ◽  
A.E. Desai ◽  
B.M. Deoray
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Acute Toxicity Testing

Acute toxicity testing of fresh water mussel Lamellidens consobrinus to HgCl2, CdCl2 and ZnSO4 was carried out. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of HgCl2, CdCl2 and ZnSO4 for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs were 1.9616, 1.8602, 1.6983 and 1.4066; 1.9050, 1.8631, 1.7542 and 1.6195; 1.9952, 1.9664, 1.9529 and 1.6756 ppm respectively. Analysis of results indicates that L. consobrinus is highly sensitive to HgCl2 than CdCl2 and ZnSO4. The toxicants can be arranged in order of their toxicities as Hg>Cd>Zn.DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1.4326

scholarly journals Effects of Chlordane and Lindane on Testosterone and Vitellogenin Levels in Green Neon Shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata)

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Ji Huang ◽  
Hon-Cheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Freshwater System ◽  
Disruption Effect ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Neocaridina Denticulata

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of chlordane and lindane as well as their endocrine disruption effect on green neon shrimp ( Neocaridina denticulata), a common habitant in freshwater system of eastern Asia and Hawaii. First, the organisms were exposed to chlordane and lindane to estimate the 96-h LC50(96-h median lethal concentration). Then, levels of testosterone and vitellogenin in hemolymph of N. denticulata after exposure to sublethal concentrations of chlordane (1 ng/L and 10 ng/L) and lindane (0.1 μg/L and 1 μg/L) were also examined. The 96-h LC50 values obtained from the results of acute exposure were 127.03 (130.11–122.35) ng/L and 9.36 (8.00–10.96) μg/L for chlordane and lindane, respectively. Furthermore, reductions of testosterone concentration were observed in both chlordane- and lindane-treated shrimps, whereas induction of vitellogenin-like protein was only apparent in chlordane-treated shrimps. Thus, it is concluded that chlordane and lindane may probably show some disruption endocrine functions on N. denticulata.

scholarly journals Freshwater aquatic invertebrates on the Isle of May, Scotland

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
C.R. Macadam
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrates ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrate ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

The invertebrate fauna of freshwater habitats on the Isle of May, Scotland was investigated and compared with the results from surveys undertaken in 1958. Overall, the freshwater invertebrate fauna appears to be diminished. However, several species were recorded as new to the Isle of May. Although the reasons for the apparent decline in freshwater invertebrates on the island are unclear, an increase in the temporary nature of the habitats due to climate warming may be a contributing factor.

scholarly journals Pengujian Toksisitas Lindi Instalasi Pengolahan Lindi TPA Piyungan pada Daphnia sp. dengan Whole Effluent Toxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Ika Bayu Kartikasari ◽  
M Widyastuti ◽  
Suwarno Hadisusanto
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Unit ◽  
Whole Effluent Toxicity ◽  
Effluent Toxicity ◽  
Very High

Lindi adalah rembesan yang melalui tumpukan sampah hasil endapan yang berada di bawah landfill yang terakumulasi yang terdiri dari bahan organik dan anorganik. Lindi hasil pengolahan IPL TPA Piyungan masih memiliki potensi pencemaran lindi menjadi permasalahan yang masih memiliki nilai toksisitas yang tinggi. Perlu adanya pengukuran toksisitas untuk mengetahui pengaruh pencemaran lindi terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) melakukan analisis efektivitas hasil pengolahan lindi di IPL TPA Piyungan, dan (2) melakukan pengujian toksisitas akut dengan WET (Whole Effluent Toxicity) menggunakan Daphnia sp. pada pengolahan lindi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni melakukan uji laboratorium pada parameter pengolahan lindi yang disesuaikan dengan permen LHK No. 59 tahun 2016 untuk pengukuran efektivitas pengolahan lindi, uji LC50 untuk mengetahui tingkat tokisitas akut pada influen dan efluen pengolahan lindi. proses pengolahan lindi TPA Piyungan terdiri dari Kolam Sedimentasi, Aerasi, dan Desinfeksi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Efektivitas pengolahan lindi TPA Piyungan pada parameter berturut-turut TSS 56 %; BOD 82 %; COD 0 %; TN 41,67%; dan Hg 14 %. Hasil efektivitas pengolahan lindi tersebut tidak mempengaruhi peningkatan perbaikan kualitas lindi yang disesuaikan Peraturan Menteri LHK No 59/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/7/2016 masih melebihi baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan kecuali parameter BOD, (2) Toksisitas lindi TPA Piyungan dikategorikan Very High Acute Toxicity pada influen dan High Acute Toxicity efluen IPL Piyungan. Kematian 50% populasi daphnia untuk contoh uji influen IPL Piyungan sebesar 0,482% dengan Toxic Unit acute (TUa) sebesar 203,33. Contoh uji efluen IPL Piyungan sebesar 2,752% dengan Toxic Unit acute (TUa) sebesar 36,33.

scholarly journals Fumigant toxicity of some essential oils against Red Flour Beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and its safety to mammals

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-776
Author(s):  
T. M. Sileem ◽  
A. L. Mehany ◽  
R. S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Garlic Oil ◽  
Garlic Essential Oil

Abstract Fumigant activities for three essential oils; Garlic oil (Allium sativum L); Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and Nigella (Nigella sativa L.) were assessed at different concentrations against the adult and 20-days old larval stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the laboratory. The accumulative mortality was observed at different exposure periods (3, 5 and 7 days). The residual effect of garlic oil that was the effective oil, on the treated wheat grains was evaluated with respect to histological changes in the liver, kidney, and stomach of rat fed on this treated wheat. The results showed that the mortality rates of treated stages increased with increasing the time of fumigation treatment. Moreover the highest essential oils toxicity at the Median lethal concentration (LC50) values for exposure periods (3, 5 and 7 days) to fumigation were (126, 53, and 47 mg/L air) for adult stage and were (79, 62, and 41 mg/L air) for larval stage, respectively in the case of Garlic oil treatment. While, the lowest essential oils effective was Nigella oil at the Median lethal concentration (LC50) values for exposure periods (3, 5 and 7 days) to fumigation were (3594, 629, and 335 mg/L air) for adult stage and were (1040, 416, and 227 mg/L air) for larval stage, respectively. The toxicity effect of various essential oils against adults and larvae of T. castaneum at the LC50at 7 days fumigation could be arranged in descending order as follows: Garlic oil, Chili pepper oil, and Nigella oil. The histological changes showed that the organs slightly affected at the fumigation for 3 days. It may be concluded that the garlic essential oil is the good effective fumigant to control T. castaneum in the stored products and it recommended that the fumigation period does not exceed 3 days. The garlic essential oil has the potential for applications in IPM programs for stored-grain pests because of its high volatility and fumigant activity and its safety.

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