Growth and sexual reproduction in the scleractinian coral Montipora digitata (Dana)

The article describes the process of tench growing (male and female species removed from set gear in the Volga river in the Astrakhan region) using experimental feedstuff "T", taking into account the fact that problems with artificial growing tench ( Тinca tinca ) appear first in the process of feeding when wild sires change to artificial food. The research took place on the base of the department of aquaculture and water bioresources of Astrakhan State Technical University in innovation centre "Bioaquapark - scientific and technical centre of aquaculture" in 2015. Special feed including components of animal origin - mosquito grab and sludge worm as an effective substitute to fish flour, as well as components of vegetable origin (carrot, parsley, pumpkin, wheatgrass) for domestication of tenches are offered for the first time. Food technology has been described. The exact composition of the formula, which is being licensed at the moment, is not disclosed. Feed "T", which has undergone biological analysis and is in accordance with organoleptic and physical standards was used for feeding tench female and male species during domestication period (60 days), along with food "Coppens" (Holland). Feed efficiency was determined according to survival and daily fish growth. Growth rate of females appeared more intensive than growth rate of males fed with experimental food "T". Daily growth changed depending on the types of food: from 0.3 ("Coppens") to 0.47 (experimental food) in females, from 0.25 ("Coppens") to 0.39 (experimental food) with males. Ability to survive among tench species fed with "Coppens" and experimental food made 60% and 100%, correspondingly. Nutricion of tench species with experimental food encouraged their domestication, which allowed using tench species in further fish breeding process in order to get offspring. The project was supported by the Innovation Promotion Fund in terms of the project "Development and implementation of the technique for the steady development of aquaculture: food "TechSA".

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Evolutionary economics: Crisis, transformation and metamorphosis

Human Systems Management ◽

10.3233/hsm-219003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Milan Zeleny

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Productivity Growth ◽

Driving Force ◽

Evolutionary Economics ◽

Regional Economies ◽

Economic Evolution ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Advanced Economies ◽

First Time

Most world economies are undergoing fundamental transformations of economic sectors, shifting their employed workforce through the secular sequence of (1. Agriculture⟶2. Industry⟶3. Services⟶4. Government). The productivity growth rate is the driving force. Most advanced economies have reached the final stages of the sequence. Assorted recessions, crises and stagnations are simply cofluent, accompanying phenomena. Crises might be cyclical, but economic evolution is unidirectional. Traditional economics can hardly distinguish phenomena of crisis from those of the transformation. Because there is no “fifth sector”, some economies are entering the phase of metamorphosis, for the first time in history. Metamorphosis is manifested through deglobalization, relocalization and autonomization of local and regional economies. We are entering the Age of Entrepreneurship.

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A population birth-and-mutation process, I: explicit distributions for the number of mutants in an old culture of bacteria

Journal of Applied Probability ◽

10.1017/s0021900200096224 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 11 (03) ◽

pp. 437-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Benoit Mandelbrot

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Mutation Rate ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Random Variable ◽

Mutation Process ◽

Limit Condition ◽

Rate Of Growth ◽

Mathematical Techniques ◽

First Time

Luria and Delbrück (1943) have observed that, in old cultures of bacteria that have mutated at random, the distribution of the number of mutants is extremely long-tailed. In this note, this distribution will be derived (for the first time) exactly and explicitly. The rates of mutation will be allowed to be either positive or infinitesimal, and the rate of growth for mutants will be allowed to be either equal, greater or smaller than for non-mutants. Under the realistic limit condition of a very low mutation rate, the number of mutants is shown to be a stable-Lévy (sometimes called “Pareto Lévy”) random variable, of maximum skewness ß, whose exponent α is essentially the ratio of the growth rates of non-mutants and of mutants. Thus, the probability of the number of mutants exceeding the very large value m is proportional to m –α–1 (a behavior sometimes referred to as “asymptotically Paretian” or “hyperbolic”). The unequal growth rate cases α ≠ 1 are solved for the first time. In the α = 1 case, a result of Lea and Coulson is rederived, interpreted, and generalized. Various paradoxes involving divergent moments that were encountered in earlier approaches are either absent or fully explainable. The mathematical techniques used being standard, they will not be described in detail, so this note will be primarily a collection of results. However, the justification for deriving them lies in their use in biology, and the mathematically unexperienced biologists may be unfamiliar with the tools used. They may wish for more details of calculations, more explanations and Figures. To satisfy their needs, a report available from the author upon request has been prepared. It will be referred to as Part II.

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Rapid Thermal Oxidation of Lightly Doped Silicon in N2O

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-342-181 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 342 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S.C. Sun ◽

L.S. Wang ◽

F.L. Yeh ◽

T.S. Lai ◽

Y.H. Lin

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Thermal Oxidation ◽

Charge Trapping ◽

Interface State ◽

Constant Current ◽

Mos Capacitor ◽

Rapid Thermal Oxidation ◽

Doped Silicon ◽

State Generation ◽

First Time

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a detailed study is presented for the growth kinetics of rapid thermal oxidation of lightly-doped silicon in N2O and O2 on (100), (110), and (111) oriented substrates. It was found that (110)-oriented Si has the highest growth rate in both N2O and dry O2, and (100) Si has the lowest rate. There is no “crossover” on the growth rate of rapid thermal N2O oxidation between (110) Si and (111) Si as compared to oxides grown in furnace N2O. Pressure dependence of rapid thermal N2O oxidation is reported for the first time. MOS capacitor results show that the low-pressure (40 Torr) N2O-grown oxides have much less interface state generation and charge trapping under constant current stress as compared to oxides grown in either 760 Torr N2O or O2 ambient.

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Fitness of Isolates of Phytophthora capsici Resistant to Mefenoxam from Squash and Pepper Fields in North Carolina

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-92-10-1439 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 92 (10) ◽

pp. 1439-1443 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Adalberto C. Café-Filho ◽

Jean Beagle Ristaino

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

Colony Growth ◽

Relative Fitness ◽

In Planta ◽

Phytophthora Blight ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

First Time

Despite the wide adoption of mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold EC) for vegetables in North Carolina, the incidence of Phytophthora blight on pepper (Capsicum annuum) and squash (Cucurbita pepo) is high. Seventy-five isolates of Phytophthora capsici were collected in five pepper and one squash field in order to assess mefenoxam sensitivity. The relative fitness of resistant and sensitive isolates was contrasted in vitro by their respective rates of colony growth and their ability to produce sporangia in unamended V8 juice agar medium. In in vivo experiments, the aggressiveness of isolates on pepper was evaluated. The frequency of resistant isolates in North Carolina populations was 63%, considerably higher than resistance levels in areas where mefenoxam is not widely adopted. Resistant isolates grew on amended media at rates >80 to 90% and >100% of the nonamended control at 100 μg ml-1 and 5 μg ml-1, respectively. Sensitive isolates did not growth at 5 or 100 μg ml-1. All isolates from three fields, including two pepper and a squash field, were resistant to mefenoxam. Populations from other fields were composed of either mixes of sensitive and resistant isolates or only sensitive isolates. Response to mefenoxam remained stable during the course of in vitro and in planta experiments. Occurrence of a mefenoxam-resistant population of P. capsici on squash is reported here for the first time in North Carolina. When measured by rate of colony growth, sporulation in vitro, or aggressiveness in planta, fitness of resistant isolates was not reduced. Mefenoxam-resistant isolates from squash were as aggressive on pepper as sensitive or resistant pepper isolates. These results suggest that mefenoxam-resistant populations of P. capsici are as virulent and fit as sensitive populations.

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Colony growth rate of encrusting marine bryozoans (Electra pilosa and Celleporella hyalina)

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology ◽

10.1016/s0022-0981(01)00243-x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 263 (1) ◽

pp. 1-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Pernille Hermansen ◽

Poul S Larsen ◽

Hans Ulrik Riisgård

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Colony Growth ◽

Electra Pilosa

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On the genesis of aluminum-rich speleothems in a granite cave of NW Spain

International Journal of Speleology ◽

10.5038/1827-806x.50.1.2358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 25-40

Author(s):

Jorge Sanjurjo-Sanchez ◽

◽

Carlos Arce Chamorro ◽

Juan Vidal Romaní ◽

Marcos Vaqueiro-Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Growth Process ◽

Age And Growth ◽

Nw Spain ◽

Geochemical Composition ◽

Cave System ◽

Accretion Process ◽

Dissolved Ions ◽

First Time

Granite massifs often contain caves, with dimensions ranging from a few meters up to 1,000 m, also referred to as pseudokarst. The speleothems in such caves are mostly composed of either Si-rich (commonly opal-A) or Al-rich authigenic mineraloids. Whereas the formation and geochemical composition of opal-A biospeleothems have been studied and are fairly well understood, knowledge on the Al-rich analogues is scarce. This work reports for the first time a study on the composition, accretion process, age and growth rate of an Al-rich speleothem type flowstone from the A Trapa Cave System (Galicia, NW Spain), developed in a granite cave. To understand the growth process, trickling water was analyzed and the deposition environment inside the cave was characterized. We found that the speleothems are alternating Si- and Al-rich layered deposits formed between 1,635 ± 75 and 1,243 ± 58 cal BP by percolating water that carries underground mineral grains, dissolved ions, and organic matter from soil and the weathered bedrock above the cave.

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Chapter I. The Home Economy

National Institute Economic Review ◽

10.1177/002795018712100102 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 121 ◽

pp. 6-20

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Current Account ◽

Peak Level ◽

Balance Of Payments ◽

Capacity Utilisation ◽

The Uk ◽

First Time ◽

The Current Account

For the first time in more than a decade the question is being asked whether the growth of the UK economy this year may be, in some sense, too rapid. Fears have been expressed of ‘overheating’ leading to a rise in inflation and excessive growth in imports. Comparisons have been made with the ‘boom’ conditions of 1972 and 1973. In our view these fears are exaggerated and the comparisons misleading. Nevertheless some increase in the rate of inflation is to be expected, and the underlying position on the current account of the balance of payments seems already to have moved from surplus into deficit. We now expect the rate of the economy this year to be around 3½ per cent, compared with about 3 per cent in 1986. Thus, if we are correct, the acceleration year on year is very slight, well within the error margins of measurement. This contrasts with 1972 and 1973 when the growth rate averaged 4½ per cent for two years. Moreover unemployment was only about 1 million at the beginning of 1972 and about 1/2 million at the end of 1973 whilst last year it at over 3 million and is not expected to fall as low as 2½ million even next year. Even if inflation next year does rise from about 3½ per cent a year to about 5 per cent, as we expect, this is still not comparable with the rates of 7½ and 9 per cent experienced in 1972 and 1973. The CBI index of capacity utilisation is now not far below its peak level in 1973, but we doubt whether an index of this kind is reliable for comparision between periods so far apart in time.

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Promoting geotourism a case study from Northeast Iceland

Geotourism: the tourism of geology and landscape ◽

10.23912/978-1-906884-09-3-1079 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

John S. Hull

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Foreign Currency ◽

Leisure Activity ◽

Natural Image ◽

Annual Growth Rate ◽

Horseback Riding ◽

Outdoor Activities ◽

The Third ◽

First Time

Iceland is becoming a popular venue for nature-based tourism enthusiasts interested in exploring Arctic environments for scenic and recreational purposes (ITB 2009; Gossling and Alkimou 2006). Visitation to Iceland is expanding exponentially, generating significant revenue and income, making tourism the third largest foreign currency earner for the Icelandic economy. In 2006, total tourism receipts were measured at 47 billion Icelandic kroner (ISK), contributing 4.1 per cent to the nation’s GDP, and providing 12.7 per cent of the country’s income from foreign sources (Rannsoknir and Radgjof Ferdapjonustunnar 2008). In 2007, over 530,000 international tourists visited Iceland with over 80 per cent first-time visitors mainly from Europe and North America (Rannsoknir and Radgjof Ferdapjonustunnar 2008). The Icelandic Tourism Board (ITB 2007) identifies that the vast natural resources - glaciers, volcanos, geysers, and untamed wilderness - are some of the most important reasons contributing to the present 7 percent annual growth rate in visitation (Gossling and Hultman 2006). The most popular leisure activity of visitors is nature observation (ITB 2007). Outdoor activities such as camping, hiking, boat tours, jeep and glacier tours, snowmobile excursions, and horseback riding are also popular throughout the island. Overall, visitor motivation to Iceland is based on romanticized notions of the unique wilderness and the grandness of the landscape and tourist experiences that recreate a ‘natural’ image of the island (Gossling and Alkimou 2006; Gossling and Hultman 2006).

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Vitamin supplementation increases the virulence of Entamoeba histolytica grown axenically

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182020000013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 147 (4) ◽

pp. 501-505

Author(s):

Javier Vargas-Villareal ◽

Gerardo Lozano-Garza ◽

Salvador Luis Said-Fernández ◽

Francisco González-Salazar ◽

María Guadalupe Moreno-Treviño ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Entamoeba Histolytica ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Phospholipase A ◽

Vitamin Supplementation ◽

Haemolytic Activity ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time ◽

Similar Growth ◽

Axenic Growth

AbstractAs a consequence of axenic growth and the elimination of accompanying bacterial flora, Entamoeba histolytica virulence decreases rapidly, and pathogenicity is lost. This paper evaluated the impact of vitamin supplementation on the pathogenicity of E. histolytica. Growth of E. histolytica trophozoites, cultured axenically in PEHPS (a Spanish acronym for the main ingredients – casein peptone, liver, pancreas extract and bovine serum) medium, with or without vitamins, exhibited a similar growth rate. However, the vitamin-enriched PEHPS preparations expressed 2.65 times more haemolytic activity (at 60 min: 98 vs 48%, P < 0.05), 2.5 times more phospholipase A2 activity at 150 min of incubation and generated more hepatic abscesses (88 vs 60%, P = 0.05) than the preparations without vitamins. The haemolytic and phospholipase A2 activity for the PEHPS − V preparations were restored following vitamin supplementation with A and D. These data highlight, for the first time, that vitamins and specifically vitamin A and D were essential for the recovery of amoebic virulence, lost through axenic growth.

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