Effect of some nutrient cations on uptake of cadmium by Chlorella pyrenoidosa

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 979 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Gipps ◽  
BAW Coller
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Modest Reduction

The effects of the cations calcium, iron, manganese and zinc on the uptake of cadmium by the alga C. pyrenoidosa and on the toxicity of cadmium were studied. Calcium at a level of 16 mg 1-1 reduced the short- term uptake and, in dilute cultures, the long-term uptake as well and caused a modest reduction in cadmium toxicity. Iron at a level of 1 mg I-1 greatly reduced cadmium toxicity and reduced both phases of uptake in dilute cultures. Manganese at a concentration of 0.5 mg I-1 had no consistent effect on uptake and tended to enhance cadmium toxicity. Zinc at a concentration of 3 mg I-1 reduced short-term uptake, had no consistent effect on long-term uptake, and exerted a toxic effect that was additive to that of cadmium. Factors such as coprecipitation and the physiological state of the culture were found to have an important bearing on the nature of the interaction of nutrient cations with cadmium.

Accumulation of Iron, Manganese, Zinc and Cadmium by the Australian Freshwater Mussel Velesunio ambiguus (Phillipi) and Its Potential as a Biological Monitor

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
WG Jones ◽  
KF Walker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Australian Freshwater ◽  
Iron Concentrations

The accumulation of iron, manganese, zinc and cadmium by freshwater mussels in the River Murray, South Australia, and their response to changes in environmental iron concentrations are considered. Metal loads varied markedly between individuals from the same population. The variability is accounted for partly by systematic relationships between metal loads and body weight and age, but not sex. The distribution of metals between the major organs is discussed, but the analysis of separate organs showed no advantage for biological monitoring. Comparisons between iron concentrations in river water and in mussels showed no clear correspondence. The study suggests that V. ambiguus may not be a good short-term monitor of iron, but still may have potential as a long-term and site-comparison monitor of metals. once inherent variability is taken into account.

Therapeutic Effect of Chai-Ling-Tang (Sairei-to) on the Steroid-dependent Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Prednisone Dosage ◽  
Steroid Dependent ◽  
Steroid Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Negative Conversion

37 children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) were administered with Chai-Ling-Tang (Sairei-to) under corticosteroid. After treatment with Chai-Ling-Tang, relapse was markedly improved, time for negative conversion of proteinuria shortened, prednisone dosage significantly reduced, and side effects eased. 32 children with SDNS treated with prednisone and cyclophosphamide served as control. Results showed that short-term and long-term relapse and average prednisone dosage were similar between these two groups. It is considered that Chai-Ling-Tang may be a useful substitute for patients with SDNS who fail to respond to or manifest severe toxic effect from cytotoxic agents.

scholarly journals A climate-based model for tick life cycle: an infinite system of differential equation approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrine Chenaoui ◽  
Slimane Ben Miled ◽  
Mamadou Sadio Ndongo ◽  
Papa Ibrahima Ndiaye ◽  
Mourad Rekik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tick Population ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Survival And Development

AbstractThe distribution of ticks is essentially determined by the presence of climatic conditions and ecological contexts suitable for their survival and development.We have developed a general tick biology model to study the major trends due to climate change on tick population dynamics under different climate conditions.We build a model that explicitly takes into account stage into each physiological state through a system of infinite differential equations where tick population density are structured on an infinite discrete set. We suppose that intrastage development process is temperature dependent (Arrhenius temperatures function) and that larvae hatching and adult mortality are temperature and precipitations dependent.We analysed mathematically the model and have explicit the R0 of the tick population. Therefore, we performed a numerical analysis of the model under three different climate conditions (tropical, Mediterranean and subarctic climates) over the short term using climatic data from 1995 to 2005, as well as long-term simulations from 1902 to 2005.

scholarly journals Motivation and placebos: do different mechanisms occur in different contexts?

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1572) ◽  
pp. 1828-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Hyland
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Placebo Response ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Placebo Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Goal Activation

This paper challenges the common assumption that the mechanisms underlying short-term placebo paradigms (where there is no motivation for health improvement) and long-term placebo paradigms (where patients value improvement in their health) are the same. Three types of motivational theory are reviewed: (i) classical placebo motivation theory that the placebo response results from the desire for therapeutic improvement; (ii) goal activation model that expectancy-driven placebo responses are enhanced when the placebo response satisfies an activated goal; and (iii) motivational concordance model that the placebo response is the consequence of concordance between the placebo ritual and significant intrinsic motives. It is suggested that current data are consistent with the following theory: response expectancy, conditioning and goal activation are responsible for short-term placebo effects but long-term therapeutic change is achieved through the effects of goal satisfaction and affect on the inflammatory response system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Empirical predictions of this new theory are outlined, including ways in which placebo effects can be combined with other psychologically mediated effects on short-term and long-term psychological and physiological state.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Metabolic Profiles of Patients with Anorexia Nervosa at Inpatient Admission, Short- and Long-Term Weight Regain—Descriptive and Pattern Analysis

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Manuel Föcker ◽  
Alexander Cecil ◽  
Cornelia Prehn ◽  
Jerzy Adamski ◽  
Muriel Albrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Inpatient Admission ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Target Weight ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Short And Long Term

Acute anorexia nervosa (AN) constitutes an extreme physiological state. We aimed to detect state related metabolic alterations during inpatient admission and upon short- and long-term weight regain. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that metabolite concentrations adapt to those of healthy controls (HC) after long-term weight regain. Thirty-five female adolescents with AN and 25 female HC were recruited. Based on a targeted approach 187 metabolite concentrations were detected at inpatient admission (T0), after short-term weight recovery (T1; half of target-weight) and close to target weight (T2). Pattern hunter and time course analysis were performed. The highest number of significant differences in metabolite concentrations (N = 32) were observed between HC and T1. According to the detected main pattern, metabolite concentrations at T2 became more similar to those of HC. The course of single metabolite concentrations (e.g., glutamic acid) revealed different metabolic subtypes within the study sample. Patients with AN after short-term weight regain are in a greater “metabolic imbalance” than at starvation. After long-term weight regain, patients reach a metabolite profile similar to HC. Our results might be confounded by different metabolic subtypes of patients with AN.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

Abstract #283 Diabetes Increases Short-Term but not Long-Term Risk of Fracture: A Community-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Alyssa Dufour ◽  
Setareh Williams ◽  
Richard Weiss ◽  
Elizabeth Samelson
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Risk Of Fracture
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