Effects of length and locality on the mercury content of blacklip abalone, Notohaliotis ruber (Leach), blue mussel, Mytilus edulis planulatus (Lamarck), sand flathead, Platycephalus bassensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, and long-nosed flathead, Platycephalus caeruleopunctatus (McCulloch), from Port Phillip Bay, Victoria

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
TI Walker
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intermediate Value

Mean concentrations of mercury in the foot tissue and inedible viscera of N. ruber were 0.02 �g g-1 wet weight (range 0.01-0.03 �g g-1) and 0.04 �g g-1 wet weight (range 0.01-0.12 �g g-1), respectively. The mean mercury concentration in the soft tissues of M. e. planulatus was 0.02 �g g-1 (range 0.01-0.07 �g g-1), that in axial muscle tissues of P. bassensis was 0.50 �g g-1 (range 0.06-1.1 �g g-1), and that in P. caeruleopunctatus was 0.56 �g g-1 (range 0.10-2.8 �g g-1). Concentrations of mercury were affected by the lengths of sand and long-nosed flathead but not by the lengths of blacklip abalone or blue mussels. For sand and long-nosed flathead, the effect of locality on concentration was highly significant and indicated a trend for the mercury concentrations of samples to increase from north to south in the region of Port Phillip Bay north of latitude 37�57's. and a reversal of this trend for the region south of this latitude; in the westernmost region of the bay mercury concentrations were of intermediate value. Although not statistically significant, the results for locality of the blacklip abalone and blue mussels were consistent with these trends.

Mercury content of edible flesh from snapper, Chrysophrys auratus (Bloch & Schneider), in the Victorian commercial catch

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
TI Walker
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Commercial Catch ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Statutory Limit

The concentrations of total mercury (range 0.1-1.5 �g /g) in 40 individual snapper, C. auratus, caught in two commercial fishing areas in Victorian waters were adequately correlated with fork length by a power-law relationship. From further relationships established between length and total weight, and between filleted weight and total weight, the mean mercury concentration in the edible flesh of this species was estimated for each of the six years (1973-78) for which information on the length-frequency distribution was available for the Victorian commercial catch. The annual estimates ranged from 0.47 to 0.52 �g/g wet weight, and 45-52% of the edible flesh had values exceeding the Victorian statutory limit of 0.5 �g/g. Various management options available to health and fisheries agencies are discussed, and the methods of calculating the important parameters corresponding to these options are described. For example, graphs are presented from which can be read a legal maximum length of landed snapper, designed to reduce the mean mercury concentration of the catch to below a nominated level.

Effects of species, sex, length and locality on the mercury content of school shark Galeorhinus australis (Macleay) and gummy shark Mustelus antarcticus Guenther from south-eastern Australian waters

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
TI Walker
Keyword(s):  
Total Mercury ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean

The mercury levels detected in the muscle tissues of sharks ranged from 0.01 to 2.7 pprn wet weight for school shark Galeorhinus australis (Macleay) and from 0.07 to 3.0 ppm for gummy shark Mustelus antarcticus Guenther. Estimates of the mean mercury levels for the 1971 Victorian landed commercial shark catch were found to be 0.90 ppm for the school shark and 0.37 ppm for the gummy shark. The analyses for total mercury determinations were carried out by five independent laboratories. Preliminary analyses carried out by one indicatcd that most of the mercury in school sharks and about two-thirds of the mercury in gummy sharks was present as methylmercury. The mercury concentrations varied exponentially with shark length. School sharks had statistically significantly higher mercury levels than gummy sharks of the same length and for both the medium- sized and large individuals of each species males had significantly higher levels than females. Levels in male gummy sharks were found to be affected by locality.

Total mercury concentrations in sand flathead, Platycephalus bassensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, from Port Phillip Bay, Victoria

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Fabris ◽  
C Monahan ◽  
G Nicholson ◽  
TI Walker
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Axial Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Total mercury concentrations were measured in the axial muscle tissues of 562 sand flathead (Platycephalus bassensis) from a total of 37 sites within Port Phillip Bay, Victoria. Mean concentrations of mercury (0.23 �0.18�g g-1 wet weight) were less than half (P<0.05) of those recorded for this species during 1975-78 and below the Victorian health standard for fish and fish products (i.e. less than a mean concentration of 0.5 �g g-1 wet weight) at all 37 sites. During the 1975-78 period, mercury concentrations in sand flathead from the bay were reported to decrease from north to south and from east to west. During 1990, however, mercury concentrations were found to be related to the water depth at which the fish were sampled. Sand flathead from the deeper (22 m) waters of the bay had significantly (P<0.05) higher mean mercury concentrations than did those collected from shallower (7 m) waters. The overall mean mercury concentration in sand flathead from the bay during 1990 approached the mean concentration in sand flathead collected from six sites in Bass Strait (0.22 �g g-1) during 1975-78, although the range of concentrations for the Port Phillip Bay samples (0.01- 0.89 �g g-1) was wider than that for the Bass Strait samples (0.1-0.33 �g g-1).

Mercury concentrations in edible tissues of Elasmobranchs, teleosts, crustaceans and molluscs from south-eastern Australian waters

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
TI Walker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
The Mean

Mean concentrations of total mercury in the axial muscle tissues from 4 species of elasmobranchs (1.33-3.15 �g g-1) and 14 species of teleosts (0.14-0.73�g g-1) from waters deeper than 75 m were generally higher than the mean concentrations in 23 different species of elasmobranchs (0.13- 1.70 �g g-1) and 30 different species of teleosts (0.01-0.29�g g-1) from shallower waters outside Port Phillip Bay. In 5 of the 11 species of teleosts from Port Phillip Bay, which is shallow, almost landlocked and drains a largely urbanized catchment, mean concentrations were 0.39-0.63�g g-; in the remaining 6 species, they were 0.04-0.27�g g-1. Differences in the diets and the longevity of the species are discussed as possible explanations of the variations in the mercury concentrations. Most of the results were similar to those from other studies undertaken on the same species collected from waters off Tasmania and New South Wales, but tended to be higher than the results for the same species collected from New Zealand waters. Mean concentrations of mercury in various soft tissues from eight species of molluscs were 0.01-0.11�g g-1 and in abdominal and thoracic muscle tissues from three species of crustaceans were 0.03-0.13�g g-1..

scholarly journals Mercury content in the parasite-host system of Ligula intestinalis and Abramis brama and the effect of the parasite on fish muscle composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Miroslava Palíková ◽  
Stanislav Navrátil ◽  
Andrea Dvořáková ◽  
Iveta Bedáňová ◽  
Jan Mareš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Abramis Brama ◽  
Host System ◽  
Ligula Intestinalis ◽  
Fish Muscles ◽  
The Mean

The bioaccumulation potential of parasites resulting from the competition for chemical elements including heavy metals represents a valuable instrument of evaluating the functions of the parasite-host system. In the present study, the effect of the parasite-host system of Ligula intestinalis and Abramis brama on the mercury concentrations and fish muscle composition of infected and non-infected fish was evaluated. Nine parasitized and seven non-parasitized fish were studied. The total mercury content in the samples was determined by the atomic-absorption spectrophotometry method. Standard indicators of the chemical composition of muscles (dry matter, crude protein, fats, and ash) and a spectrum of fatty acids were evaluated. The mean mercury concentration in the biomass of plerocercoids was 0.045 ± 0.025 mg·kg-1; about × 7 lower compared to fish muscles. The mean mercury concentration in the muscles of infected and non-infected fish was 0.36 ± 0.11 and 0.24 ± 0.1, respectively. There was no difference in the composition of fish muscles and the spectrum of fatty acids. Ligula intestinalis takes nutrients from the fish body but according to the results of our study, the withdrawal of the monitored nutrients was uniform without any selection. Mercury is not efficiently accumulated by plerocercoids of Ligula intestinalis. This study brings novel data for this heavy metal and for this parasite host system.

The Pollution of Minamata Bay by Mercury

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fujiki ◽  
S. Tajima
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Inorganic Mercury ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Mercury Oxide ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Minamata Bay ◽  
Very High

Minamata Disease, methylmercury poisoning, was recognized late in 1953 among the inhabitants living around Minamata Bay. In a chemical factory situated near Minamata Bay, acetaldehyde had been synthesized by the hydration of acetylene till 1968; in the reaction mercury oxide dissolved in sulfuric acid had been used as a catalyst. Inorganic mercury in waste water from the acetaldehyde plant had been discharged into the bay and it had accumulated into bottom sediment. It was proved that a part of inorganic mercury used as the catalyst had changed into methylmercury by a sidereaction in the plant and waste water containing methylmercury from the plant had discharged into the bay and methylmercury had accumulated into the fishes. The mercury concentrations in the muds were very high: in 1963, 29~713 ppm (dry weight); in 1969, 19~908 ppm (dry weight); in 1970, 8~253 ppm (dry weight) and in 1971, 14~586 ppm (dry weight). Since 1977, dredging work had been carried out to remove mercury-contaminated mud and all of the work had finished at March 1990. The concentration of mercury in fishes from the bay was very high in 1959: shellfishes 108~178 ppm (dry weight) and fish 15 ppm (wet weight). Mercury concentration in fishes has decreased markedly since 1966. Total mercury concentration in fishes (87 species) were 0.01~1.74 ppm (wet weight) and fishes containing over 0.4 ppm of total mercury were 16 species in 1989. The hair of patients contained a high concentration of mercury, the highest being 705 ppm. In 1968, the average mercury concentration in patients was 10.6 ppm, for fishermen, the average was 9.2 ppm, and for general inhabitants, the average was 8.1 ppm. In 1982, the average methylmercury concentration in fishermen was 6.15 ppm and for general inhabitants, the averge was 3.78 ppm. Thus, the mercury content in hair decreased gradually with time. After treatment of mercury in waste water was initiated, the mercury content in fishes from Minamta Bay was gradually reduced. It is necessary to supervise strictly to avoid mercury pollution of the environment.

Localization of calcium and zinc in the sperm storage tubules of chicken, quail and turkey using X-ray microanalysis

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Holm ◽  
H Ekwall ◽  
GJ Wishart ◽  
Y Ridderstrale
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Intracellular Content ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sperm Storage Tubules ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sperm storage tubules from the utero-vaginal junction of chickens, quails and turkeys were analysed for calcium and zinc using X-ray microanalysis of ultra-rapidly frozen tissue in a scanning electron microscope. This technique enabled the tubular fluid surrounding the stored spermatozoa and the intracellular content of the cells of the sperm storage tubules to be analysed separately and, by using standards with known concentrations, their elemental concentrations were estimated. The mean (+/- SEM) concentration of calcium in the tubular fluid from chickens, quails and turkeys was 17 +/- 3, 19 +/- 3 and 17 +/- 4 mmol kg(-1) wet weight, respectively. The intracellular calcium concentration of the cells of the tubules did not differ significantly from these values and was also similar in the mucosal epithelial cells of the utero-vaginal junction. Zinc was localized in the cells of turkey sperm storage tubules and tubular fluid, but at low concentrations. No zinc could be detected in corresponding structures from chickens and quails. The concentration of calcium in the tubular fluid is within the range known to inhibit the motility of spermatozoa, supporting this function for calcium during storage. Zinc is known to depress turkey sperm metabolism and it may also be involved in inducing quiescence of spermatozoa during storage in this species.

Cadmium concentrations in kidneys of sheep and cattle in Western Australia. 1. Regional distribution

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Morcombe ◽  
DS Petterson ◽  
HG Masters ◽  
PJ Ross ◽  
JR Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Agricultural Region ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

A sample of 4973 kidneys from sheep stratified by age and shire of origin within the Agricultural Region of Western Australia, was analysed for cadmium (Cd) content during the period August 1989 to April 1991. The geometric mean Cd concentration in the kidney of hogget ewes was 0.9 mg/kg, in 4-tooth ewes 1.47 mg/kg and in adult ewes 3.34 mg/kg on a wet weight basis. The mean Cd concentrations of either ewe or hogget flocks from different Divisions of the Agricultural Region did not differ from each other. The annual increase in Cd concentration of kidney from hogget sheep was estimated to be 0-65 mg/kg. The rate of accumulation of Cd in kidney from cattle and sheep grazing the same properties was similar. Kidneys from a sample of 354 adult cattle from the Kimberley Region and 483 aged sheep from the Pastoral Region, both areas of unimproved rangelands, had geometric mean Cd concentrations of 0.15 mg/kg and 0-31 mg/kg respectively. A higher Cd concentration in flocks from the divisions adjacent to the Agricultural Region may have resulted from the establishment of some volunteer species of winter annual pastures in the rangeland.

Mercury in the Marine Environment: Concentration in Sea Water and in a Pelagic Food Chain

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Williams ◽  
H. V. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Single Station ◽  
Almost All

Mercury in seawater, in a pelagic food chain, and in bottom sediment was determined at a single station 430 km southeast of San Diego, California. The concentration of mercury in zooplankton slightly increased with depth of collection. The mercury content in almost all of the higher trophic levels of organisms collected at greater depths was indistinguishable from the concentration of mercury in zooplankton at these depths. Mercury concentration in the seawater column was essentially constant below 100 m and significantly higher at the surface. This vertical profile of mercury content is not ascribable to biological activity.

The effects of metabolic inhibitors on the contraction of creatine-depleted muscle

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Mainwood ◽  
M. Alward ◽  
B. Eiselt
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Energy Stores ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean

Rats were fed on a diet containing 1% β-guanidinopropionate (Gp) to deplete their muscles of creatine. The apparent energy reserves (creatine phosphate (CrP) + ATP) of rested state diaphragm muscle strips were found to be 79% depleted by this treatment. To determine if the effective energy reserves for contraction were depleted to a similar extent, the response to direct electrical stimulation (0.2-s tetani) was measured in the presence of inhibitors of respiration (NaCN) and glycolysis (iodoacetate). Only 4 ± 1 contractions could be elicited from strips from Gp-fed animals. Normal strips gave 15 ± 2 contractions under the same conditions. For both sets of diaphragms the energetic cost of contraction in terms of ~P was approximately 1 μmol/g wet weight. The mean level of Pi generated following stimulation to exhaustion was 10.1 μmol/g more in normal than in depleted strips. It is concluded that no significant additional energy stores such as phosphorylated Gp are readily available for contraction in muscles depleted of creatine by Gp treatment.

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