scholarly journals The Rheology of Light Crude Oil and Water-In-Oil-Emulsion

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tajnor Suriya Taju Ariffin ◽  
Effah Yahya ◽  
Hazlina Husin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Light Crude Oil ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

Large-Scale Experiments on the Spreading of Oil at Sea and its Disappearance by Natural Factors

1973 ◽  
Vol 1973 (1) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Jeffery
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Light Crude Oil ◽  
Spreading Pattern ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

ABSTRACT This paper describes those considerations that are of importance in undertaking large-scale oil-spreading experiments. One such experiment involving a discharge of 120 tons of Iranian Light Crude Oil in the North Atlantic is described, and the spreading pattern observed is reported in detail. The observations continued over a period of four days, after which the bulk of the oil had disappeared by natural factors, leaving only a few patches of thicker oil, largely in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion, which was also rapidly disappearing. Blokker constants have been calculated for the observed spreading of the slick, and these are reasonably constant throughout the four-day period.

scholarly journals WEATHERING EXPERIMENT ON SPILLED CRUDE OILS USING A CIRCULATING WATER CHANNEL

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Tsukihara
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

ABSTRACT Crude oil spilled in the sea is mixed with the sea water by the wind and waves resulting in increases in its water content and viscosity as time passes. We have constructed a small, transfer type circulating water channel of an elliptical cuit-track form. Using an attached circulating unit, together with a war tunnel, artificial waves are generated to enable simulation corresponding to the natural circumstances in the sea. The experiment disclosed the following results.Drastic changes in the properties (water content and viscosity) of the oil depend on the power of waves.Contrasting processes are observed between heavy and light crude oils during weathering.Heavy crude oils form a massive water-in-oil emulsion (mousse) with increases in both water content and viscosity.Light crude oils behave differently at summer sea temperatures,

scholarly journals MICROWAVE HEATING AND SEPARATION OF WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION FROM MEXICAN CRUDE OIL

DYNA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (183) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADRIAN VAZQUEZ V. ◽  
ARTURO LOPEZ M. ◽  
LUIS J. ANDRADE C. ◽  
ARIANA M. VAZQUEZ A.
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

scholarly journals Malaysian Crude Oil Emulsions : Stability Study

REAKTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
B. Pramudono ◽  
H. B. Mat
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Of Water ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

The stability of water-in-oil emulsion of some Malaysian crude oils was studied with particular emphasis on effect of interfacial active components existed in the crude oil, i.e. asphaltene, resin and wax. The emulsion stability was studied by measuring the volume of water or oil phase separated in variation with time, water hold up, and the heights of the sedimenting/coalescing interfaces during the separation at various temperatures. The study investigated the influence of asphaltene, resin and wax on emultion stability if it`s present in the crude oil alone, together or combination one of the others. The result show that the interfacial active component that stabilize emulsion is asphaltene. The resin and wax  do not form stale emulsion either aloneor together. There is a correlation between emulsion stability and physicochemical properties of crude oil which showed that higher asphaltene content in the crude oil would form more stable emultion. Increased temperature was found to cause instability of emultion. Keywords : emultion stability, crude oil, asphaltene, resin and wax

Investigating the Impact of Crude Oil Solubility on Water-in-Oil Emulsion Stability and Its Relation to Molecular Composition of Crude Oil at the Oil–Water Interface

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 3616-3625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Cherney ◽  
Chunping Wu ◽  
Rachel M. Thorman ◽  
Jessica L. Hegner ◽  
Mohsen S. Yeganeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Molecular Composition ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Surfactant (UMP) for emulsification and stabilization of water-in-crude oil emulsions (W/O)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
N. H. Abdurahman ◽  
H. A. Magdib
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Optimum Formulation ◽  
Emulsion Stabilization ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion ◽  
Petroleum Oil

The purpose of this research is to look into the formulation and evaluation of concentrated water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions stabilized by UMP NS-19-02 surfactant and their application for crude oil emulsion stabilization using gummy Malaysian crude oil. A two-petroleum oil from Malaysia oil refinery, i.e., Tapis petroleum oil and Tapis- Mesilla blend, were utilized to make water-in-oil emulsions. The various factors influencing emulsion characteristics and stability were evaluated. It was discovered that the stability of the water-in-oil emulsion improved by UMP NS-19-02 improved as the surfactant content rises, resulting in the decline of the crude oil-water interfacial tension (IFT). Nevertheless, the most optimum formulation of W/O emulsion was a 50:50 W/O ratio with 1.0% surfactant. Additionally, raising the oil content, salt concentration, duration and mixing speed, and pH of the emulsion resulted in higher emulsion stability. It also raised the temperature of the initial mixing, which significantly decreased the formulated emulsions' viscosity. The results showed that stable emulsions could be formed using the UMP NS-19-02 surfactant.

Chemical-Demulsifier Development Based on Critical-Electric-Field Measurements

SPE Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Beetge ◽  
Bruce Horne
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Critical Voltage ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

Summary Resolution of water-and-oil emulsions is critical to the oilfield industry. A wide variety of undesirable emulsions are formed during the production, handling, and processing of crude oil. Although various methods are used, dehydration of crude oils is achieved mostly by gravitational sedimentation, normally at elevated temperatures and with the addition of chemical demulsifiers. The quantitative evaluation of emulsion stability by a critical-electric-field (CEF) technique was developed to play a significant role in chemical-demulsifier research. It was found that the CEF technique is useful not only in the evaluation of water-in-oil-emulsion stability, but also in studying the mechanisms of stabilization and demulsification. A method was developed to study the mechanism of emulsion stabilization in terms of flocculation and coalescence behavior of a crude-oil emulsion. The effect of chemical demulsifiers on emulsion stability was evaluated in terms of the method developed in this study. By following this approach, it is possible to determine the relative amount of energy required for both flocculation and coalescence in the presence of a chemical demulsifier. Introduction The inevitable creation and subsequent resolution of water-in-oil emulsions during the production and processing of crude oils are of significant importance in the oilfield industry. These emulsions, which typically could be any combination of water-in-oil, oil-in-water, or complex emulsions, are diverse in their nature and stability. The majority of oilfield emulsions are resolved by the application of chemical demulsifiers in special processes under specific conditions. The stability of crude-oil emulsions is influenced by many variables; therefore, and chemical demulsifiers are developed specifically for each application to achieve optimum economic efficiency. Emulsion stability of water-in-oil emulsions encountered in the oilfield industry can be evaluated with various methods (e.g., determining droplet size and distribution, determining the amount of water resolved as a second phase, analyzing moisture of the oil phase, and more-sophisticated methods such as interfacial rheology). Sullivan et al. (2004) suggested the use of CEF as a method to provide information for stability-correlation development. Commercial separation of a dispersed aqueous phase from typical crude oil by electrostatic methods is well-known and dates to the early 20th century (Cottrell 1911; Cottrell and Speed 1911). Electrostatic dehydration technology is still being developed and refined to play an important role in challenging oilfield applications (Warren 2002). The use of CEF, as a method to evaluate water-in-oil-emulsion stability, has been developed recently by Kilpatrick et al. (2001). In their CEF technique, a sample of water-in-oil emulsion is injected between two parallel electrode plates. A direct-current voltage is applied between the two electrodes and is increased in incremental steps, with continuous monitoring of the conductivity or the amount of electrical current through the oil sample. Fig. 1 shows a simple diagram of the CEF technique. In response to the increasing applied electric field, the water droplets tend to align themselves to form agglomerated columns of droplets, which form a conducting bridge once a critical voltage (or electric field) has been reached. The strength of the electric field at which the sample shows a sharp increase in conductivity (increase in current through sample, between the two electrode plates) is recorded as the CEF. By this method, relative emulsion stability is compared quantitatively in terms of the CEF value and expressed in units of kV cm-1. In contrast to the method of Sjöblom, we have used alternating current with parallel-plate electrodes at the tip of a probe, which was submerged in the hydrocarbon medium. Comparison of crude-oil emulsions by CEF techniques is well-documented (Sullivan et al. 2004; Aske et al. 2002), but no reference to the use of CEF in chemical-demulsifier development could be found. It is the purpose of this study to develop the CEF technique for application in chemical-demulsifier research.

THE USE OF AIRCRAFT FOR THE CLEARANCE OF OIL SPILLS AT SEA1

1979 ◽  
Vol 1979 (1) ◽  
pp. 469-473
Author(s):  
Doug Cormack ◽  
Hugh Parker
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

ABSTRACT This paper describes experiments conducted with undiluted concentrate dispersants both in the laboratory and at sea which show that oil may be dispersed without the addition of artificial agitation. A description is given of trials over airfields, in which the appropriate droplet size was determined so that virtually all of the liquid discharged from the plane actually reaches the ground/sea surface. Experimental slicks were then laid at sea and the methods are described. These were treated by aircraft using the technique developed over the airfields. Results are presented on fresh crude oil (Kuwait, Ekofisk), topped Kuwait, and topped Kuwait water-in-oil emulsion. Experiments and results obtained with a Piper Pawnee and a DC-4 are included. Information is also presented on the logistics of aircraft use in spills offshore and close to shore with a view to giving as precise an evaluation as possible of the overall feasibility of aircraft dispersant operations.

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