Relationship between some environmental parameters and trypanorhynch cestode loads in banana prawns (Penaeus merguiensis de Man)

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Owens
Keyword(s):  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Differential Survival ◽  
Size Frequency Distribution ◽  
Trypanorhynch Cestode ◽  
Penaeus Merguiensis

The population of P. merguiensis in the Norman River was sampled at weekly intervals for 6 months during the 1978-79 summer. The size-frequency distribution of one recruitment cohort to that river was progressively studied. and individual prawns examined for parasites as they grew from post-larvae to adolescence. The juvenile banana prawns were essentially unparasitized by pierocerci of Parachristianella monomegacantha Kruse until they reached 13 mm carapace length. Thereafter. the larger adolescent prawns accumulated trypanorhynch parasites in proportion to their increases in size. This was attributed to a change in feeding habits at 13 mm carapace length. Previous studies had shown that, at least on spring tides, juvenile banana prawns fed in the lower littoral zone at low tide. and adolescent prawns were more conspicuous at high tide when waters entered the mangrove areas. These studies, coupled with the above data, suggested that the main infective area for the prawns was mangroves in the upper littoral zone. When marine salinities increased from 32 to 37‰ prevalence of Paiachristianella monomegacantha also rose. Estuarine salinities of 12-32‰, had no appreciable effect on parasitism, with the level being low and constant throughout this range. This result was possibly due to differential survival of infective stages in the estuary. As a corollary to this. the percentage of infected Penaeus merguiensis dropped from a maximum of 84% at the mouth to 26% at Normanton, 80 km upstream. When considering the use of parasites as biological tags for the estuarine phase of catadromous penaeid prawns, the size of the prawns and salinity where they are captured have substantial effects on parasite loads.

scholarly journals Simultaneous coastal measurements of ozone deposition fluxes and iodine-mediated particle emission fluxes with subsequent CCN formation

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 20567-20597 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Whitehead ◽  
G. McFiggans ◽  
M. W. Gallagher ◽  
M. J. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Ultrafine Particle ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Particle Emission ◽  
Deposition Fluxes ◽  
Ozone Deposition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Emission Fluxes

Abstract. Here we present the first observations of simultaneous ozone deposition fluxes and ultrafine particle emission fluxes over an extensive infra-littoral zone. Fluxes were measured by the eddy covariance technique at the Station Biologique de Roscoff, on the coast of Brittany, north-west France. This site overlooks a very wide (3 km) littoral zone controlled by very deep tides (9.6 m) exposing extensive macroalgae beds available for significant iodine mediated photochemical production of ultrafine particles. The aspect at the Station Biologique de Roscoff provides an extensive and relatively flat, uniform fetch within which micrometeorological techniques may be utilized to study links between ozone deposition to macroalgae (and sea water) and ultrafine particle production. Ozone deposition to seawater at high tide was significantly slower (vd[O3]=0.302±0.095 mm s−1) than low tidal deposition. A statistically significant difference in the deposition velocities to macroalgae at low tide was observed between night time (vd[O3]=1.00±0.10 mm s−1) and daytime (vd[O3]=2.05±0.16s−1) when ultrafine particle formation results in apparent particle emission. Very high emission fluxes of ultrafine particles were observed during daytime periods at low tides ranging from 50 000 particles cm−2 s−1 to greater than 200 000 particles cm−2 s−1 during some of the lowest tides. These emission fluxes exhibited a significant relationship with particle number concentrations comparable with previous observations at another location. Apparent particle growth rates were estimated to be in the range 17–150 nm h−1 for particles in the size range 3–10 nm. Under certain conditions, particle growth may be inferred to continue to greater than 120 nm over tens of hours; sizes at which they may readily behave as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) under reasonable supersaturations that may be expected to pertain at the top of the marine boundary layer. These results link direct depositional loss and photochemical destruction of ozone to the formation of particles and hence CCN from macroalgal emissions at a coastal location.

Laboratory study of the effect of light on the emergence behaviour of eight species of commercially important adult penaeid prawns

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Wassenberg ◽  
BJ Hill
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Metapenaeus Ensis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Penaeus Merguiensis ◽  
Effect Of Light

The emergence behaviour of eight species of commercial prawns (between 25.0 and 30.0 mm carapace length) was studied in the laboratory. All except Penaeus merguiensis were nocturnal: they emerged from the substratum in the evening when the light was dimmed and buried themselves in the morning, usually before dawn. P. merguiensis generally remained on the substratum during the day. The species can be grouped on the basis of their behaviour: the first group (P. plebejus and P. latisulcatus) was most sensitive to light, the second group (P. semisulcatus, Metapenaeus ensis, P. esculentus, M. endeavouri and M. bennettae) was less sensitive to light, and the third (P. merguiensis) was least sensitive to light. To find out what triggered emergence, two species (P. esculentus and P. plebejus) were exposed to different rates of light dimming at dusk. Both species responded to absolute light intensity, but the response of P. plebejus was affected by the rate of change of light intensity. The different responses of the species to different light intensities explains some of the differences in catchability in a multi-species prawn fishery.

Intertidal Feeding of Winter Flounders (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in the Bay of Fundy

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1374-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Wells ◽  
D. H. Steele ◽  
A. V. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Subtidal Zone ◽  
Filamentous Algae ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Food Species ◽  
Feeding Grounds

Flounders captured in summer in the intertidal zone at high tide fed mainly on food species that live in that zone. Flounders captured in the subtidal zone fed partially on food species that live there, and partially on intertidal food species. From these feeding habits, and from the magnitude of the movement into the intertidal zone (previously reported), we conclude that large intertidal areas are major feeding grounds for winter flounder. The quantities of filamentous algae in the stomachs suggest that winter flounders can utilize plant material.

Species Replacements among Orconectes Crayfishes in Wisconsin Lakes: The Role of Predation by Fish

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1484-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy T. DiDonato ◽  
David M. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Native Fishes ◽  
Native Crayfish ◽  
Species Replacements

To test the role of size- and species-selective predation by fishes in species replacements among congeneric crayfishes in northern Wisconsin lakes, we tethered the same three sizes of each of three species of Orconectes at six sites in the littoral zone of Trout Lake, Vilas County, Wise. Small crayfish (15–18 mm carapace length) were removed by fish at significantly higher rates than medium (23–25 mm) and large (33–35 mm) crayfish. Orconectes virilis was removed at significantly higher rates than O. propinquus and O. rusticus. These species-selection results suggest that predation by native fishes contributes to the previously documented replacement of the native crayfish O. virilis by the exotic crayfishes O. propinquus and O. rusticus. In combination with the observations of others that adult size of O. rusticus is typically larger than that of O. propinquus in northern Wisconsin lakes, our size-selection results suggest that fish predation may also hasten the ongoing replacement of O. propinquus by O. rusticus. Thus, fish predation is probably an important mechanism driving the replacement of O. virilis by O. propinquus and the replacement of both congeners by O. rusticus.

Subacute Toxicity of Pentavalent Antimony Compounds in Rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. AlKhawajah ◽  
E.B. Larbi ◽  
S. Jain ◽  
Y. Al-Gindan ◽  
A. Abahussain
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Pentavalent Antimony

A subacute toxicity study of pentavalent antimony (Sb) compounds, sodium stibogluconate (SSG) and meglumine antimoniate (MA) was carried out in rats. Three groups of 10 rats each were treated with saline (control group), 300 mg Sb kg-1 d-1 or 900 mg Sb kg-1 d-1 of SSG for 30 d. A parallel study of similar type was conducted for MA. Compared with controls, drug-treated rats showed an impairment of feeding habits and retardation of weight gain ( P < 0.01) during the treatment period. In both SSG- and MA-treated rats there was a dose-related reduction in haemoglobin concentration ( P < 0.001), and hematocrit ( P < 0.001). Red cell count was reduced in SSG-treated rats only. Both drugs, however, significantly raised the white cell count ( P < 0.05). These changes were more pronounced with SSG them with MA. There was no change in MCV, MCH and MCHC. SSG, 900 mg Sb kg-1 d-1, significantly raised AST ( P < 0.005), ALT ( P < 0.01) and alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.01). SSG-treated rats also had raised BUN ( P < 0.01) and creatinine ( P < 0.001), but no significant change in bilirubin levels. MA significantly raised AST ( P < 0.01), ALT ( P < 0.01), BUN ( P < 0.001) and serum creatinine levels (P < 0.001), but had no appreciable effect on bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels. Both SSG and MA decreased blood glucose levels ( P < 0.01) and induced proteinuria. It is concluded that the pentavalent antimony compounds (SSG and MA) retard growth rate and cause hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and haematological abnormalities. The range and severity of toxicity, however, vary with the preparation and the dose.

Abundance, Diet and predators of juvenile banana prawns, Penaeus merguiensis, in a tropical mangrove estuary

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
AI Robertson
Keyword(s):  
High Tide ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Lates Calcarifer ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepods ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
De Man ◽  
Penaeus Merguiensis ◽  
Important Food Item

Sampling of Penaeus merguiensis de Man with a variety of nets in several microhabitats of a small mangrove-lined estuary near Townsville on seven occasions during 1985 and 1986 captured only one adult prawn. Juveniles of 1-21 mm carapace length (CL) entered the mangrove forest at high tide throughout the year in concentrations up to 0.45 m-3. The mean density of juveniles (3-23 mm CL) in small creeks, which drain into the mainstream of the estuary, was highest in April (41 m-2) and lowest in August (0.3 m-2). The diet of prawns varied with size and microhabitat within the estuary. In creeks, flocculent detrital material (FD) composed of organic aggregates, but without recognizable mangrove detritus, was the most important food item for three size groups of prawns. However, the importance of FD decreased with prawn size as did the proportions of small prey such as diatoms, ostracods and harpacticoid copepods in the diet. The importance of recognizable mangrove detritus increased with prawn size, but never made up more than 15% of the volume of the diet. Insects, mainly dipteran larvae and ants, were 15% of the dietary volume of medium sized prawns (11-15 mm CL) in creeks. On shallow banks on the edge of the maintstream of the estuary, prawns consumed more animal tissue than detritus, and polychaetes and fragments of large crustaceans were important items in the diet. Seven of the 122 species of fish captured in the estuary consumed P. merguiensis. Young barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), (30-50 cm total length) were the most important predators on juvenile P. merguiensis, with prawns making up 22% by volume of their diets. The possible causes of the link between juvenile P. merguiensis and mangroves are discussed.

A STUDY OF THE WINTER FEEDING HABITS OF THE SHORT-EARED OWL (Asio flammeus) IN THE TORONTO REGION

1947 ◽  
Vol 25d (2) ◽  
pp. 45-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. F. Banfield
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Meadow Vole ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Avian Predators ◽  
Asio Flammeus ◽  
Minimum Estimate ◽  
Winter Feeding

The winter feeding habits of the short-eared owl (Asio flammeus Pontoppidan) were studied during the period of 1936 to 1942 in the vicinity of Toronto, Ont. The owls used restricted roosts in several groups of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia) on a golf course. By means of frequent owl population censuses and collection of pellets, food requirements and correlations were calculated.The winter incursions of the owls were found to be cyclic and to coincide with the local meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) cycle and to be independent of meteorological factors. Roosting behaviour was found to vary with snow cover.From an analysis of 3000 pellets it was found that the meadow vole formed 82% of the food taken. The next animal most commonly preyed upon was the deer mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), which comprised 17% of the food, while birds formed 1%. No significant seasonal change in diet was noted over a period of five months.It was calculated that a short-eared owl eats between 700 and 1600 mice per year. The average figure is thought to be nearer the minimum estimate. Translated to weight of mice this is equivalent to between 55.5 and 127 lb.It was demonstrated that the amount of snow on the ground affected the relative availability of meadow voles and deer mice. This fact was reflected in changes in pressure on the populations of the two mice species due to owl predation.The data presented pointed to the possibility that concentrations of avian predators could have an appreciable effect on local meadow vole populations. In the case under study it was estimated that winter short-eared owl predation might account for 10% of the vole population.The data also suggested that during periods of deep snow, because of decreased availability of meadow voles, less food is taken and during open periods increased availability of these mice is reflected by increased food consumption.

scholarly journals Analisis Pola Pertumbuhan dan Morfometrik Udang Jerbung (Penaeus merguiensis De Man, 1888) di Perairan Sekitar Bakoi, Sorong Selatan

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
Ridwan Sala ◽  
Roni Bawole ◽  
Aldrin Bonggoibo ◽  
Thomas Frans Pattiasina ◽  
Sampari Suruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Length ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Total Length ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
De Man ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Best Estimator ◽  
Fishing Area ◽  
Penaeus Merguiensis

The waters of South Sorong have potential shrimp resources, including abundant banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis de Man, 1888). This study aims to obtain information about the morphometric characteristics and growth of banana shrimp in the fishing area around the waters of Kampung Bakoi, South Sorong Regency, West Papua Province. Data collections were carried out in June and October 2019 using descriptive methods with direct observation techniques. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that the total length of shrimp caught in Bakoi Village was in the range of 10 - 26.8 cm and the most were caught measuring 15.2 cm to 16.4 cm. The model of the relationship between length and weight of banana shrimp in Bakoi Village follows the equation Log W= 1,630+2,659 Log (L) or the form of negative allometric growth. Analysis of the relationship between total length (Y) and carapace length (X) (including rostrum) and the relationship between total length and carapace length (Z) (excluding rostrum) obtained the best estimator models, each following the logarithmic equations L = -2,188 + 10,226 Ln(PK) and L = 4,439 + 9,201 Ln(PKt) respectively.

scholarly journals ASPEK BIOLOGI UDANG JERBUNG (Penaeus merguiensis de Man, 1888) DI PERAIRAN KENDAL, JAWA TENGAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
Katrina Dwika Sari ◽  
Suradi Wijaya Saputra ◽  
Anhar Solichin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
B Value ◽  
Biological Aspect ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
De Man ◽  
Mature Size ◽  
Penaeus Merguiensis

ABSTRAK Penangkapan udang P. merguiensis yang dilakukan secara terus menerus dan tidak sesuai kaidah yang baik dapat mengancam keberlangsungan hidup udang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengkaji aspek-aspek biologi udang P. merguiensis seperti komposisi hasil tangkapan, struktur ukuran, nisbah kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG), sifat pertumbuhan, faktor kondisi, dan ukuran pertama kali udang tertangkap (Lc50%). Selain itu, membuat konsep pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan udang P. merguiensis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode survei. Pengambilan sampel udang P. merguiensis dilakukan di TPI Bandengan dan TPI Tawang Kabupaten Kendal, pada bulan Mei sampai Agustus 2016. Setiap bulan dilakukan satu kali pengambilan sampel. Sampel udang diambil dari total hasil tangkapan salah satu perahu pada setiap TPI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan modus panjang karapas 20 mm pada bulan Juni dan Juli 2016, sedangkan pada bulan Mei dan Agustus 2016 modus panjang karapas 22 mm dan 24 mm. Perbandingan nisbah kelamin P. merguiensis jantan betina 1:0,95. Udang P. merguiensis jantan dan betina memiliki sifat pertumbuhan allometrik positif karena nilai b jantan dan betina sebesar 3,29 dan 3,23. Faktor kondisi udang P. merguiensis jantan dan betina sebesar 1,094 dan 1,096. Tingkat kematangan gonad udang P. merguiensis belum ada yang matang. Ukuran Lc50% udang P. merguiensis  jantan dan betina pada ukuran karapas 28 mm dan 27 mm. Konsep pengelolaan udang P. merguiensis di perairan Kendal yaitu mengganti alat tangkap arad menjadi trammel net, dan pengaturan daerah pengoperasian jauh dari pantai agar ukuran udang yang tertangkap adalah udang berukuran layak tangkap. Kata kunci : Penaeus merguiensis, Aspek Biologi, Perairan Kendal ABSTRACT Continuous fishing can threat the sustainability and not according to the rules of P. merguiensis shrimp resources. The objectives of this research were to know biological aspect such as composition of the catch, size of structure, sex ratio, gonad maturities (TKG), growth, condition factor, and first of length capture (Lc50%). In addition, was made management fisheries P. merguiensis shrimp resource. The method used in this research was survei method. Sampling was conducted in shrimp P. merguiensis Bandengan TPI and TPI Tawang Kendal, from Mei to Agustus 2016. Each month one-time sampling.  Shrimp samples were taken is about of the total fishing catch one of the boats at each TPI. The results showed that the mode carapace length of 20 mm in Juni and Juli 2016, while in Mei and Agustus 2016 the mode carapace length of 22 mm and 24 mm. Sex ratio of P. merguiensis shrimp male and female was 1:0,95. Growth of P. merguiensis male and female was positive allometric, because b value male and female was 3,29 and 3,23. Condition factor of P. merguiensis male and female was 1,094 and 1,096. Gonad maturities of P. merguiensis shrimp yet mature. Size Lc50% P. merguiensis shrimp male and female carapas length 28 mm and 27 mm.the concept of management of shrimp P.merguiensis in Kendal water replace the capture tool arad became a trammel net mesh size, and setting the operating areas away from the coast so that the size of the shrimp that are caught are decent-sized shrimp size. Keywords: Penaeus merguiensis, Biological Aspect, Kendal Water 

scholarly journals Distribución y abundancia espacial y temporal de Stomolophus meleagris (Rhizostomae: Stomolophidae) en un sistema lagunar del sur del Golfo de México

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Félix ◽  
Arturo Garrido Mora ◽  
Yessenia Sánchez Alcudia ◽  
Alberto de Jesús Sánchez Martínez ◽  
Andrés Arturo Granados Berber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Stomolophus Meleagris

The scyphomedusae feed mainly on microscopic crustaceans, eggs and fish larvae, molluscs and some other jellyfishes. The distribution and abundance of the scyphomedusae has an economic and ecological impact as they are predators that have an influence on the population dynamics of other fisheries. This investigation took place in the lagoon system ‘Arrastradero-Redonda’, Tabasco, from September 2013 to August 2014, with the purpose to provide information on the distribution, and spatial and temporal abundance of Stomolophus meleagris; along with its relation to environmental parameters. A total of 10 stations were defined and biological samples were taken on a monthly basis during this annual cycle. For this purpose, three pulls with a beach seine monofilament (20m long by 3m height, mesh opening 1.5 cm, 5 to 10 minutes) per station were made within a 1 km2 area. Information obtained was used to calculate the fishing efficiency analysis (CPUE con org./Evaluated Area Unit) and to determine the relationship with the environmental parameters. Our results showed that the abundance in the stations 1 to 3 was from 7 to 19 org./km2 from April to August 2014; less organisms were observed in stations 6 to 10 (an average of 1 org./km2) from October 2013 to March 2014. The multiple correlation steps analysis indicated that there is a strong association between the CPUE and some environmental investigated variables, and a 70.9 % variability of the data was observed. The salinity resulted the most important variable because it determined a 64.3 % of variation; it was followed by the temperature with a 3.6 %; meanwhile, dissolved oxygen explained only the 2.9 %, this was mainly because within the area there are several geological, oceanographic and biological factors that favor the distribution of this species due to seawater contribution through the Tupilco bar. With the provided data with this investigation we were able to determine the fishery potential of this resource for Tabasco state. However, additional research is required to allow an extended quantification of this resource, to determine the commercial exploitation areas, and drive studies about reproductive and feeding habits, that may provide the necessary information to establish plans for sustainable use. 

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