Acute toxicity of selenium to three species of marine invertabrates, with notes on a continuous-flow test system

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ahsanullah ◽  
DH Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Test System ◽  
System A ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Flow Test

Acute toxicity of selenium (as sodium selenite) to three invertebrates common in Victorian coastal waters was determined using a continuous-flow test system. A description of the system is given. The three species were a cumacean, Cyclaspis usitata; juveniles of the bivalve Notocallista sp.; and two stocks of the laboratory-cultured amphipod Allorchestes compressa. Stock 1 of A. compressa was originally collected from Middle Spit, Western Port, and stock 11 from Somers, Western Port. The 96-h LC50 values for C. usitata, Notocallista sp. and stocks 1 and 11 of A. compressa were 6.12, 2.88, 6.17 and 4.77 mg selenium per litre respectively. The results indicated that juveniles of Notocallista sp. were more sensitive to selenium than adult A. compressa. The lack of information on the toxicity of selenium to invertebrates is indicated.

Evaluation of the disinfection potential of low chlorine concentrations in tap water using immobilised enterococcus faecium in a continuous flow device

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wiedenmann ◽  
M. Braun ◽  
K. Botzenhart
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Test System ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Flow Device ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

A simple continuous flow device in which bacteria were immobilised on membrane filters and flushed with tap water with free chlorine residuals of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4mg/L at pH 7.7 and 10°C, has been used for disinfection experiments with faecal streptococci. A 99.99% reduction of Enterococcus faecium was observed between 3.4–5.2min (0.05mg/L), between 2.8–4.1min (0.1mg/L), between 1.7–3.1min (0.2mg/L) and between 0.8–2.1min (0.4mg/L). CT-products covered a range of 0.17 (0.05mg/L, lower limit) up to 0.85mg/L/min (0.4mg/L, upper limit). The test system is suggested as a more reliable alternative to batch experiments when the disinfection potential of low chlorine concentrations acting for several minutes has to be evaluated. The system cannot be used to demonstrate exact reduction kinetics but it allows the calculation of CT values and the evaluation of the disinfection potential of chlorinated water at any point of a distribution system where initial chlorine concentrations may have already remarkably declined.

scholarly journals ANALISIS SENYAWA FLAVONOID DAUN LAMUN Enhalus acoroides DI PERAIRAN PANTAI DESA WAAI KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Icak Darling Rahakbauw ◽  
Theopilus Watuguly
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Total Analysis

Background: The coastal waters of Waai Village are the waters located in Kecamatan Kecamatan, Central Maluku District. The potential of coastal resources in this area is quite a lot of seagrass (Seagrass). Although quite a lot but because of the lack of information related to the existing seagrass so that until now the utilization of seagrass in the area has not been maximized. This study aims to determine the total flavonoid compounds contained in the seagrass of Enhalus acoroides. Method: This research was conducted at Basic Chemical Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA) Pattimura University Ambon. The study was conducted from March 20-28, 2016, with sampling location in coastal waters of Waai Village, Central Maluku District. The method used refers to the Chang method by using AlCl3 reagent. Result: Based on total analysis of flavonoid compound using laboratory experimental method obtained the average flavonoid level contained in Enhalus acoroides seagrass leaves of 3.569%. Conclusion: Seaweed leaves Enhalus acoroides taken from coastal waters of Waai Village contain flavonoid compounds with an average value of 3.5697%.

Assessment of the Acute Toxicity, Growth Impairment, and Flesh Tainting Potential of a Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent on Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Whittle ◽  
K. W. Flood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Effluent Concentration ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Static and continuous-flow bioassays utilizing juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were conducted on a northern Ontario bleached kraft mill effluent to assess the range of acute toxicity and related sublethal effects. The acute toxicity of the total mill effluent, as determined by static bioassay procedures, ranged from a 96-h LC50 value of 14–49.0% vol/vol. The results of these bioassays depended on testing methodology and effluent treatment systems employed by the mill when samples were collected. Continuous-flow bioassays conducted on the effluent Produced 96-h LC50 values of 21.8 and 24.8% vol/vol. Growth rate of juvenile rainbow trout (1–2 g) held under continuous-flow conditions for 18 days was significantly reduced at 6% vol/vol effluent concentration (P < 0.05). Flavor of yearling rainbow trout [Formula: see text] exposed to 3% effluent for 48 h was significantly impaired (P < 0.05). This effluent concentration, the lowest level impairing flavor represents approximately 0.12 of the 96-h LC50 derived from continuous-flow bioassays. No significant flavor impairment was detected in fish exposed for 144 h to a 2% effluent concentration Flavor impairment at a 3% vol/vol effluent concentration, the most sensitive sublethal response measured in this study, may also be the most critical response when assessing the economic impact of a kraft mill discharge to a freshwater ecosystem.

The STECC Framework - An Architecture for Self-Testable Components

2007 ◽  
pp. 213-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Beydeda
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Software System ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
System A ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Technical Architecture ◽  
New Form ◽  
Limited Exchange

Development of a software system from existing components can surely have various benefits, but can also entail a series of problems. One type of problem is caused by a limited exchange of information between the developer and user of a component. A limited exchange and thereby a lack of information can have various consequences, among them the requirement to test a component prior to its integration into a software system. A lack of information cannot only make testing prior to integration necessary; it can also complicate this task. However, difficulties in testing can be avoided if certain provisions to increase testability are taken beforehand. This article briefly describes a new form of improving testability of, particularly commercial, components, the self-testing COTS components (STECC) strategy and explains in detail the STECC framework, which implements the necessary technical architecture to augment Java components with self-testability.

scholarly journals Increased Likelihood of Pregnancy Using an App-Connected Ovulation Test System: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Johnson ◽  
Joseph B. Stanford ◽  
Graham Warren ◽  
Sharon Bond ◽  
Sharon Bench-Capon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Test System ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
System A

Research on a High Effective Algorithm of PRACH Baseband Signal in TD-LTE System

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 4031-4034
Author(s):  
Fa Tang Chen ◽  
Chi Yun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Random Access ◽  
Test System ◽  
Effective Algorithm ◽  
Conformance Test ◽  
Idle Mode ◽  
Generation Algorithm ◽  
System A ◽  
Baseband Signal

Random Access Procedure is a bridge between idle mode and connection mode in LTE system, and the algorithm of PRACH baseband signal we use will influence the performance of LTE system. A kind of High effective algorithm of PRACH baseband signal is introduced in this paper based on the research and analysis on the present PRACH baseband generation algorithm .By comparing and simulation, we find the algorithm introduced in this paper is feasible and effective. And this algorithm has been used in the RF conformance test system in LTE system.

The Compass Time System and its Interoperation

2012 ◽  
Vol 239-240 ◽  
pp. 548-551
Author(s):  
Shao Wu Dong
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Clock ◽  
Test System ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Time System ◽  
Satellite Navigation System ◽  
System A ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Control Centre ◽  
Navigation Test ◽  
Atomic Time

We report on the time reference system of Compass global satellite navigation system and its interoperation with other GNSS’s. China has sent three satellites into geostationary orbit since 2000, and Compass Navigation Test System has been established. Compass time reference, named as BDT, is based on Atomic time, BDT is derived from the atomic clock ensemble in Compass ground control centre, and be traced to the international time, UTC. Interoperability is one of the most important aspect in the design of Compass timing system, a solution of time differences determination among BDT and other GNSS time scales are introduced in this paper.

Bioassay Procedures to Evaluate Acute Toxicity of Neutralized Bleached Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent to Pacific Salmon

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1565-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Davis ◽  
Barbara J. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp

A series of bioassays was carried out to assess the acute toxicity of neutralized, filtered, bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME) from a single mill to underyearling Pacific salmon in fresh soft water, at 10–13 C. Toxicity expressed in terms of the 96-hr LC50 varied from 22% of full strength BKME to nontoxic in different collections. A procedure is described for estimating the 4-day LC50 from geometric mean survival time data. Toxicity of effluents changed unpredictably with storage (even at 2 C), and declined with air stripping. Comparison of continuous flow and static test procedures indicated that continuous flow procedures yield somewhat higher toxicity results than static tests. Experiments with varying fish densities indicate that measurable toxicity is less in static tests with heavy fish loading. Use of loading densities of 2.5 liters/g fish or better is recommended. Young sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) appeared most sensitive, and pink (O. gorbuscha) and coho (O. kisutch) salmon somewhat more resistant to toxic BKME solutions. No correlation was found between time to death and condition factor in the size range of underyearling coho tested (3.0–7.3 cm). Recommendations are made for routine and regulatory bioassay procedures.

EXAMINATION AND ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLE CREWS’ COMFORT WHILE OPERATING IN OFF-ROAD CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold LUTY ◽  
Włodzimierz KUPICZ ◽  
Marcin ZWIERZYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Road ◽  
Special Purpose Vehicle ◽  
System A ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Military Vehicle ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Important Character

In the era of the rapid development of motorization one of the most important character-istics of transport vehicles is the safety and comfort of their drivers and passengers. In par-ticular, people driving vehicles professionally are exposed to vibrations, which may ad-versely affect their bodies, causing discomfort, dysfunctions, and even lesions of disease. The vibration level triggered by the system a road – a vehicle depends on the type and pro-file of the road surface as well as the driving speed. Vibration levels are assessed by means of characteristics and comfort comparative indexes determined by experimental methods. Attempts at assessing the comfort while driving along paved roads may be found in many publications; however, there is a lack of information on testing vehicles moving in off-road conditions, which is substantial from the point of view of military vehicle crews’ comfort. The driving comfort of crews of wheeled vehicles is subjected to examinations at the Mili-tary Institute of Armored and Automotive Technology.

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