A Quantitative Survey of the Macrobenthos of Western Port, Victoria

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Coleman ◽  
W Cuff ◽  
M Drummond ◽  
JD Kudenov
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
Regional Estimates

The results of the first bay-wide quantitative survey of the invertebrate macrobenthos of Westeln Port, Victoria (145� E., 38�S.) are presented. Three 0.1-m² samples were taken with a Smith- McIntyre grab at each of 41 randomly selected sampling stations, and the results were used to provide both bay-wide and regional estimates of population distribution and abundance. More than 19 600 individuals were collected, and 572 species identified. The fauna is dominated by polychaetes, crustaceans and molluscs which provided respectively 54.1, 31.7 and 6.6% of the individuals collected and 35.7,47.7 and 10.3 % of the species identified. Comparison of faunal affinity between stations showed two major faunal assemblages whose distributions are linked with sediment type. These assemblages are a 'clean medium sand' assemblage distributed in the deeper (> 5.5 rn) sublittoral channel areas, and a 'fine sand and mud' assemblage distributed over the tidal flats and in shallow (< 5.5 m) sublittoral areas. Species characteristic of the 'clean medium sand' assemblage are the polychaetes Scoloplos spp. 1-4, Rhodine sp. and Travisia sp. ; the bivalves Neotrigonia margaritacea, Notocallista diemenensis, Solen vaginoides and Venericardia bimaculata; and the crustaceans Halicarcinus rostratus, Ampelisca sp., Cheirighotis megacheles, Leptanthura diemenensis and Paranchialina angusta. Characteristic of the 'fine sand and mud' assemblage are the polychaetes Amaeana sp. and Mediomastus sp.; the bivalves Tellina deltoidalis, T. mariae and Katelysia rhytiphora; and the decapod crustaceans Pontophilus intermedius, Macrobrachium intermedium, Halicarcinus ovatus and Litocheira bispinosa. A third, minor assemblage was also recognized. This contains the stations nearest to Hastings, the largest centre of urban and industrial development in the bay. The fauna at these stations is impoverished in species and low in species diversity. Both affinity analyses and survey statistical analyses were applied to the data. The advantages and limitations of each are discussed.

scholarly journals Sediment type and breeding strategy of the Bank Swallow Riparia riparia in western Sweden

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Bo-Bertil Lind ◽  
Jimmy Stigh ◽  
Lars Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Riparia Riparia ◽  
Bank Swallow ◽  
Sand Pits

This paper presents an investigation of the sediment used by the Bank Swallow (Sand Martin) Riparia riparia for the construction of breeding tunnels. Grain-size distribution, bulk density and hydraulic conductivity of breeding-tunnel sediment were investigated at four localities in western Sweden. The investigation shows that the Bank Swallow was consistent in using layers composed of a narrow range of fine and medium sand. Ninety percent of the investigated breeding burrows were located in fine to medium sand (0.125–0.5 mm) and 10% in coarse sand (0.5–1.0 mm). No breeding tunnels were found in sediment finer than fine sand or coarser than coarse sand. The fine to medium sand fraction has the properties to hold stable walls and keep dry tunnels even during rainy periods with heavy infiltration. The hydraulic conductivity of the sediment was in the range of 10–4 to 10–3 m/s and the bulk density 1,510–1,575 kg/m3. In Sweden, artificially excavated slopes in gravel and sand pits have long been the dominating breeding locality for the Bank Swallow. However, during the last two decades, four major factors have led to the decrease of breeding localities: (1) a decreasing demand of aggregate resources, (2) landscaping of gravel and sand pits and stabilization of eroding slopes, including river banks and shorelines, (3) a change to quarries as a source for aggregate production, and (4) concentrating gravel and sand exploitation to fewer and larger pits. It is concluded that these factors are important for the decline of the Bank Swallow population in Sweden and possibly elsewhere in Europe and North America.

scholarly journals Distribution and density of Lutraria rhynchaena Jonas, 1844 relate to sediment while reproduction shows multiple peaks per year in Cat Ba-Ha Long Bay, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 721-734
Author(s):  
Do Manh Hao ◽  
Do Trung Sy ◽  
Dao Thi Anh Tuyet ◽  
Le Minh Hiep ◽  
Nguyen Tien Dat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Long Bay ◽  
Benthic Substrate

AbstractLutraria rhynchaena Jonas, 1844 is of great commercial interest, but its reserves have dramatically declined over recent decades. Therefore, there is an urgent need of scientific basis to propose effective fishery management measures and improve artificial aquaculture of the clam. In this study, we investigated the distribution and density of L. rhynchaena, sediment characteristics, and established the clam’s reproductive cycle through monthly observations from August 2017 to July 2018. The study results showed that distribution and density of clams are related to sediment types, and the sediment type of medium sand is likely the best benthic substrate for the clams. The spawning of clams occurred throughout the year with three spawning peaks in January, April and September. For the sustainable management of the clam resource in Cat Ba-Ha Long Bay, the fishery authorities can issue a ban on harvest of the clam in spawning peak months in January, April and September.

scholarly journals Filtering out parasites: sand crabs (Lepidopa benedicti) are infected by more parasites than sympatric mole crabs (Emerita benedicti)

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3852
Author(s):  
Zen Faulkes
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Swash Zone ◽  
Crab Species ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Litopenaeus Setiferus ◽  
Infection Pattern ◽  
Behavioural Tests

Two digging decapod crustaceans, the sand crab speciesLepidopa benedictiand the mole crab speciesEmerita benedicti, both live in the swash zone of fine sand beaches. They were examined for two parasites that infect decapod crustaceans in the region, an unidentified nematode previously shown to infectL. benedicti, and cestode tapeworm larvae,Polypocephalussp., previously shown to infect shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus).Lepidopa benedictiwere almost always infected with both parasite species, whileE. benedictiwere rarely infected with either parasite species. This difference in infection pattern suggests that tapeworms are ingested during sediment feeding inL. benedicti, whichE. benedictiavoid by filter feeding. LargerL. benedictihad morePolypocephalussp. larvae. The thoracic ganglia, which make up the largest proportion of neural tissue, contained the largest numbers ofPolypocephalussp. larvae. Intensity ofPolypocephalussp. infection was not correlated with how longL. benedictiremained above sand in behavioural tests, suggesting thatPolypocephalussp. do not manipulate the sand crabs in a way that facilitates trophic transmission of the parasite.Litopenaeus setiferusmay be a primary host forPolypocephalussp., andL. benedictmay be a secondary, auxiliary host.

scholarly journals Compositional and industrial assessment of Isua-Akoko, Akure, Ayadi and Lafe (Ode Aye) clay deposits of Ondo state, Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
O Adegbuyi ◽  
GP Ojo ◽  
AJ Adeola ◽  
MT Alebiosu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Firing Test ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Ondo State

The physical and chemical properties of clay deposits around Isua-Akoko, Akure, Lafe and Ayadi in Ondo State southwestern Nigeria have been examined. The results have shown that Isua-Akoko, Akure and Lafe Clays are plastic fire clays while Ayadi clay is kaolinite. Grain size analysis reveals that Isua Akoko Clay contains 45% of clay, 18% silt, 12% fine sand,14% medium sand and 11% coarse sand and no gravel; Akure clay contains 42% clay, 14% silt, 13% fine sand, 20% medium sand and 8% coarse sand with 1% gravel. Lafe Clay contains 21% clay, 8% silt, 25% fine sand, 37% medium sand and 8% coarse sand with 1% gravel while Ayadi clay contains 83% clay and 17% silt. The liquid limits of these clay samples range from 41% to 73%% and plastic limits range from 18% to 26% respectively. The chemical analysis reveals that the most abundant mineral is silica (60.97%) and aluminum was next in abundance (23.69%) while other oxides are low. The results show that Isua-Akoko and Akure are residual while Lafe and Ayadi are sedimentary and transported Clays. The firing test, PH, and bleaching tests of the clays are also discussed. The chemical and physical characteristics of the clay deposits are strongly indicative of their industrial importance in the production of ceramics, refractories, paving bricks, paint and pharmaceutical products.KEYWORDS: Kaolinite, fire clay, gravel, ceramics and alumina.

scholarly journals Sediment Profile Imaging: Laboratory Study Into the Sediment Smearing Effect of a Penetrating Plate

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabell Moser ◽  
Iain Pheasant ◽  
William N. MacPherson ◽  
Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy ◽  
Andrew K. Sweetman
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Particle Displacement ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Sediment Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sand Sediments

Sediment profiling imaging (SPI) is a versatile and widely used method to visually assess the quality of seafloor habitats (e.g., around fish farms and oil and gas rigs) and has been developed and used by both academics and consultancy companies over the last 50 years. Previous research has shown that inserting the flat viewport of an SPI camera into the sediment can have an impact on particle displacement pushing oxygenated surface sediments to deeper sediment depths and making anthropogenically-disturbed sediment appear healthier than they may actually be. To investigate the particle displacement that occurs when a flat plate is inserted into seafloor sediments, a testing device, termed the SPI purpose-built sediment chamber (SPI-PUSH) was designed and used in a series of experiments to quantify smearing where luminophores were used to demonstrate the extent of particle displacement caused by a flat plate being pushed into the sediment. Here, we show that the plate of the SPI-PUSH caused significant smearing, which varied with sediment type and the luminophore grain size. The mean particle smearing measured directly behind the inserted plate was 2.9 ± 1.5 cm for mud sediments with sand-like luminophores, 4.3 ± 2.5 cm for fine sand sediments with sand-like luminophores and 1.9 ± 1.1 cm for medium sand sediments with mud-like luminophores. When the mean depth of particle smearing was averaged over a larger sediment volume (11 cm3) next to the inserted plate, substantial differences were seen between the plate-insertion experiments and controls highlighting the potential extent of smearing artefacts that may be produced when a SPI camera penetrates the seafloor. This experimental data shows that future studies using the SPI camera, or any other periscope-like device (e.g., planar optodes) need to acknowledge that smearing may be significant. Furthermore, it highlights that a correction factor may need to be applied to these data (e.g., the depth of apparent redox potential discontinuity layer) to correctly interpret SPI camera images and better determine the effect of anthropogenic impacts on seafloor habitats.

scholarly journals Laboratory Plate Loading Test on Calcareous Sands from a Hydraulic fill Reef Island

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Wang ◽  
YANG WU ◽  
Jie Cui ◽  
Chang-qi Zhu ◽  
Xin-zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Deformation Modulus ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Calcareous Sand ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Hydraulic Fill ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Plate Loading

Abstract The landforms and vertical strata distribution characteristics of Yongxing Island show that the reclaimed reef island is characterized by soft upper strata (calcareous sand) and hard lower strata (reef limestone). In this study, a series of plate loading tests was conducted to examine the influences of particle gradation, compactness, and moisture condition on the bearing mechanism and deformation properties of the calcareous sand foundation. When the foundation is shallowly buried, the relative density range corresponding to a calcareous sand foundation exhibiting local shear failure is narrower than that of a terrigenous sand foundation. For the same compactness, dry calcareous medium sand has a much larger bearing capacity and deformation modulus than dry calcareous fine sand. The effect of water on the bearing capacity of the calcareous medium sand is greater than the effect on calcareous fine sand. Its weak cementation and low permeability make the initial deformation of saturated calcareous fine sand slightly smaller than that under dry conditions. The stress dispersion angle of the calcareous medium sand foundation is 52°, which is larger than that of terrigenous sand. A larger stress dispersion angle leads to a higher bearing capacity and deformation modulus than those of terrigenous sand.

scholarly journals Benthic macrofauna structure in the northeast area of Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia State, Brazil: patterns of spatial and seasonal distribution

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria S Pires-Vanin ◽  
Pablo Muniz ◽  
Fabio Cabrera De Léo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Benthic Macrofauna ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Homogeneous Groups

Structure of intertidal and subtidal benthic macrofauna in the northeastern region of Todos os Santos Bay (TSB), northeast Brazil, was investigated during a period of two years. Relationships with environmental parameters were studied through uni-and multivariate statistical analyses, and the main distributional patterns shown to be especially related to sediment type and content of organic fractions (Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus), on both temporal and spatial scales. Polychaete annelids accounted for more than 70% of the total fauna and showed low densities, species richness and diversity, except for the area situated on the reef banks. These banks constitute a peculiar environment in relation to the rest of the region by having coarse sediments poor in organic matter and rich in biodetritic carbonates besides an abundant and diverse fauna. The intertidal region and the shallower area nearer to the oil refinery RLAM, with sediments composed mainly of fine sand, seem to constitute an unstable system with few highly dominant species, such as Armandia polyophthalma and Laeonereis acuta. In the other regions of TSB, where muddy bottoms predominated, densities and diversity were low, especially in the stations near the refinery. Here the lowest values of the biological indicators occurred together with the highest organic compound content. In addition, the nearest sites (stations 4 and 7) were sometimes azoic. The adjacent Caboto, considered as a control area at first, presented low density but intermediate values of species diversity, which indicates a less disturbed environment in relation to the pelitic infralittoral in front of the refinery. The results of the ordination analyses evidenced five homogeneous groups of stations (intertidal; reef banks; pelitic infralittoral; mixed sediments; Caboto) with different specific patterns, a fact which seems to be mainly related to granulometry and chemical sediment characteristics.

Species Diversity of Decapod Crustaceans in Marine Habitats

Ecology ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence G. Abele
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Marine Habitats

scholarly journals Distribution of deep-sea benthic foraminifera in the Neogene of Blake Ridge, NW Atlantic Ocean

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuppusamy Mohan ◽  
Anil K. Gupta ◽  
Ajoy K. Bhaumik
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
Ocean Drilling ◽  
Late Neogene ◽  
Blake Ridge

Abstract. This study describes and illustrates the evolution of deep-sea benthic foraminifera from the Blake Ridge during the late Neogene. In total, 305 species of benthic foraminifera belonging to 107 genera were identified. The Blake Ridge receives fine-grained nannofossil-bearing hemipelagic sediments, transported from the Canadian continental margin by the Deep Western Boundary Undercurrent (DWBUC). We thus presume that changes in benthic foraminifera at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) sites 991A, 994C, 995A and B and 997A reflect mainly changes in the intensity of the DWBUC, which is closely related to North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) production. However, the dominance of Uvigerina peregrina, U. proboscidea and Cassidulina carinata during the late Miocene in all the holes suggests an increased influence of Southern Component Waters in the Blake Ridge region. During the early Pliocene (4.8–2.8 Ma) in all the sites benthic faunal assemblages suggest that there was an increased transport of organic-rich sediments by the DWBUC from the Canadian margin to the Blake Ridge, driven by increased production of NADW. During this time the species diversity (Sanders' rarefied values) was low. In the younger interval (since 2.8 Ma), the faunal data suggest less transport of organic-rich sediments to the Blake Ridge, which appears to be related to weakening of the DWBUC during cold intervals. An increase in species diversity at 3 Ma probably resulted from decreased population of bacteria due to low organic matter and/or less competition. In the late Pleistocene (c. 0.6 Ma), Stilostomella lepidula became extinct in all the studied holes, suggesting that this species may have possessed a mode of feeding which no longer existed in the cold, well-oxygenated oceans of the present.

scholarly journals On soil textural classifications and soil texture-based estimations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Martín ◽  
Yakov A. Pachepsky ◽  
Carlos García-Gutiérrez ◽  
Miguel Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Texture Representation

Abstract. The soil texture representation with the standard textural fraction triplet 'sand-silt-clay' is commonly used to estimate soil properties. The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that other fraction sizes in the triplets may provide better representation of soil texture for estimating some soil parameters. We estimated the cumulative particle size distribution and bulk density from entropy-based representation of the textural triplet with experimental data for 6300 soil samples. Results supported the hypothesis. For example, simulated distributions were not significantly different from the original ones in 25 and 85 % of cases when the 'sand-silt-sand' and 'very coarse+coarse + medium sand – fine +very fine sand – silt+clay', were used, respectively. When the same standard and modified triplets were used to estimate the average bulk density, the coefficients of determination were 0.001 and 0.967, respectively. Overall, the textural triplet selection appears to be application- and data-specific.

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