Toxicity of ammonia to nine native New Zealand freshwater invertebrate species

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.W. Hickey ◽  
M.L. Vickers
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrate

Toxicity bioassays of cadmium on selected freshwater invertebrates and the interaction of cadmium and zinc on the freshwater shrimp, Paratya tasmaniensis Riek

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
VJ Thorp ◽  
PS Lake
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Toxic Unit ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrates ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrate

In acute toxicity bioassays with cadmium sulphate at 15� C in soft water (total hardness 10 mg/l as calcium carbonate), the concentrations fatal to 50 % of the test animals were determined for five freshwater invertebrate species. The 96 hr median lethal concentration (LC50) of cadmium was 0.04 mg/l for the amphipod Austrochiltonia subtenuis Sayce, 0.06 mg/l for the shrimp Paratya tasmaniensis Riek, 0.84 mg/l for the ephemeropteran nymph Atalophlebia australis Walker, 250 mg/l for the zygopteran nymph Ischnura heterosticta (Burmeister) and well over 2000 mg/l for a trichopteran larva of the Leptoceridae. The bioassays on Paratya indicared that there may be seasonal differences in sensitivity to cadmium. The 96 hr LC50 for zinc for Paratya was 1.21 mg/l. Zinc and cadmium appeared to interact less than additively at concentrations below 1 toxic unit. Above this concentration, their interaction was strictly additive.

scholarly journals AQUALIFE Software: A New Tool for a Standardized Ecological Assessment of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Strona ◽  
Simone Fattorini ◽  
Barbara Fiasca ◽  
Tiziana Di Lorenzo ◽  
Mattia Di Cicco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
Tolerance Limits ◽  
Lotic Systems ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Subsurface Zone ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrate ◽  
Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems

We introduce a suite of software tools aimed at investigating multiple bio-ecological facets of aquatic Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs). The suite focuses on: (1) threats posed by pollutants to GDE invertebrates (Ecological Risk, ER); (2) threats posed by hydrological and hydromorphological alterations on the subsurface zone of lotic systems and groundwater-fed springs (Hydrological-Hydromorphological Risk, HHR); and (3) the conservation priority of GDE communities (Groundwater Biodiversity Concern index, GBC). The ER is assessed by comparing tolerance limits of invertebrate species to specific pollutants with the maximum observed concentration of the same pollutants at the target site(s). Comparison is based on an original, comprehensive dataset including the most updated information on tolerance to 116 pollutants for 474 freshwater invertebrate species. The HHR is assessed by accounting for the main direct and indirect effects on both the hyporheic zone of lotic systems and groundwater-fed springs, and by scoring each impact according to the potential effect on subsurface invertebrates. Finally, the GBC index is computed on the basis of the taxonomical composition of a target community, and allows the evaluation of its conservation priority in comparison to others.

scholarly journals Oceanic rafting by a coastal community

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1706) ◽  
pp. 649-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceridwen I. Fraser ◽  
Raisa Nikula ◽  
Jonathan M. Waters
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Dispersal Mechanism ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Oceanic Transport

Oceanic rafting is thought to play a fundamental role in assembling the biological communities of isolated coastal ecosystems. Direct observations of this key ecological and evolutionary process are, however, critically lacking. The importance of macroalgal rafting as a dispersal mechanism has remained uncertain, largely owing to lack of knowledge about the capacity of fauna to survive long voyages at sea and successfully make landfall and establish. Here, we directly document the rafting of a diverse assemblage of intertidal organisms across several hundred kilometres of open ocean, from the subantarctic to mainland New Zealand. Multispecies analyses using phylogeographic and ecological data indicate that 10 epifaunal invertebrate species rafted on six large bull kelp specimens for several weeks from the subantarctic Auckland and/or Snares Islands to the Otago coast of New Zealand, a minimum distance of some 400–600 km. These genetic data are the first to demonstrate that passive rafting can enable simultaneous trans-oceanic transport and landfall of numerous coastal taxa.

scholarly journals Invertebrate species richness and density in relation to size of the New Zealand shrubOlearia bullata

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
José G.B. Derraik ◽  
Gerard P. Closs ◽  
Katharine J.M. Dickinson ◽  
Barbara I.P. Barratt ◽  
Phil J. Sirvid
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Invertebrate Species

Lethal and sub-lethal toxicity of field simulated farm waste episodes to several freshwater invertebrate species

1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P. McCahon ◽  
M.J. Poulton ◽  
P.C. Thomas ◽  
Q. Xu ◽  
D. Pascoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Lethal Toxicity ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrate ◽  
Farm Waste

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation assessment of nanomaterials using freshwater invertebrate species

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kuehr ◽  
Verena Kosfeld ◽  
Christian Schlechtriem
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Bioconcentration Factor ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Suitable Test ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrate ◽  
Test Organisms

Abstract Background The high production volume of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) may lead to high pressure on the environment, and a scientific assessment of ENMs that bioaccumulate in organisms and biomagnify in the food web is necessary. Within the regulation of chemicals in several jurisdictions, such as the European regulation REACH, the bioconcentration factor is the standard endpoint. The bioconcentration factor is mostly determined by flow-through fish tests. However, nanomaterials tend to agglomerate, which may lead to sedimentation in aquatic environments. The bioavailability of the tested nanomaterials may be thus impaired for pelagic species, including fish, in comparison to benthic or filtrating species. Several risk assessment regulations allow the usage of data gained during tests using invertebrates and such data may allow a waiver of further tests using vertebrates. The aim of this study was to elucidate the potential of different freshwater invertebrate species to be used in laboratory bioaccumulation studies on ENMs and to give some guidance for the use of bioaccumulation endpoints derived from studies using aquatic invertebrate species in the risk assessment process for ENMs. Results The existing literature related to the testing of nanomaterial bioaccumulation with freshwater invertebrates was screened and reviewed to find suitable test species with regard to their ecology and physiology, as well as laboratory test systems allowing to investigate the bioavailability/bioaccumulation of nanomaterials with the respective species. Bivalvia, gastropoda, isopoda, amphipoda, and branchiopoda were reviewed and their suitability for bioaccumulation testing was assessed. Amphipods and bivalves represent worst-case scenarios and show clear advantages to be used as test organisms. However, only amphipods allow the examination of two clearly independent exposure pathways (water and diet). Conclusion Amphipods are suitable test organisms for bioaccumulation testing of ENMs. The results from amphipod bioconcentration and biomagnification tests can be included in a tiered assessment suggested at the end of this study allowing a clear grading of the tested nanomaterials as “bioaccumulative” or “non bioaccumulative.” Due to the worst-case scenario of the amphipod test, this approach may allow a waiver of further vertebrate tests.

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