The Biology, Migration, and Growth Rate of the School Shark, Galeorhinus australis (Macleay) (Carcharhanidae) in the South-eastern Australian Waters.

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Female Population ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Slow Growing

The school shark fishery in south-eastern Australian waters has operated on a homogeneous stock which has a low reproductive potential. The species is slow-growing; the smallest mature males (120 cm) are over 8 yr of age and the smallest mature females (135 cm) are at least 2 yr older. The gestation period is approximately 6 months and it is estimated that only about half the female population bear young each year. Each gravid female carries 17-41 young with a mean number of 28. The lengths of the normal full-term embryos range from 280 to 350 mm with a mean for both sexes of 300 mm. The larger females tend to have the longest embryos. Slightly more male than female young (54 : 46) are born. Because the inshore populations of juveniles have been dwindling and the size of the older stock is decreasing, it is believed that this slow-growing species is being overfished. Measures aimed at protecting school sharks in their vulnerable stages have been proposed. Any conservation programme will be long-term as this shark has such a low reproductive capacity.

scholarly journals Growth Rate Analysis of an Untreated Glomus Vagale on MRI

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Tzu-Yu Wang ◽  
Allen Yu-Yu Wang ◽  
Sheila Cheng ◽  
Lavier Gomes ◽  
Melville Da Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
History Of ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Serial Mri ◽  
Head And Neck Paragangliomas

Paragangliomas are slow growing, hypervascular neuroendocrine tumors that develop in the extra-adrenal paraganglion tissues. Paraganglioma involving the vagus nerve ganglia is termed glomus vagale. The slow growth of head and neck paragangliomas especially in the absence of symptom may obviate the necessity for any active intervention, in which case, a “wait and scan” policy is implemented involving long-term clinical and radiologic follow-ups. We present a case of a 71-year-old female with an untreated left glomus vagale who underwent a conservative “wait and rescan” plan of management and the tumor was observed with 8 serial MRI scans over a period of 7.4 years. A growth rate analysis was conducted which demonstrated a slow growth. A literature review of radiologic studies examining the natural history of head and neck paragangliomas was also performed.

Progesterone and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin improve the reproductive capacity of long-term non-oestrus replacement gilts

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zheng ◽  
Fushuo Huang ◽  
Mingjun Ma ◽  
Yaguang Tian ◽  
He Huang
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Group A ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Group B

Context It is a common problem that replacement gilts exhibit delayed oestrus and non-oestrus in pig production. Aims This study explored the use of progesterone and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) to promote oestrus and to restore the reproductive capacity of sows. Methods A total of 90 long-term non-oestrus replacement gilts were randomly divided into three groups. Group A consisted of 30 sows that were normally fed for 20 days, followed by injections of 1000 IU of PMSG on the morning of the 21st day and 100 μg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on the 24th day. Group B consisted of 30 sows that were continuously fed with altrenogest (20 mg/head.day) for 18 days, followed by injections of 1000 IU of PMSG on the morning of the 21st day and 100 μg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on the 24th day. Group C (control group) consisted of 30 sows that were normally fed for 20 days, followed by injections of 3 mL of physiological saline on the morning of the 21st day and 3 mL of saline on the 24th day. Oestrus identification was performed in all three groups, and sows underwent artificial insemination after the injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone or saline. Key results We found that the follicles of long-term non-oestrus replacement gilts were not developed, and follicle diameters were <4 mm. The oestrus rate and pregnancy rate of the sows in Group B were significantly lower than those in Group A (30% vs 66.7% and 66.7% vs 90%) respectively. There was no difference in the litter size between Group A and Group B (11.2 vs 11.5). The sows in Group C exhibited no oestrus and no pregnancy. After treatment with progesterone and PMSG, the follicle diameters of sows in oestrus were significantly greater than those of sows in non-oestrus, and the levels of oestradiol, luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were significantly higher than those of sows in non-oestrus. Conclusions This study showed that progesterone and PMSG treatment can alter the reproductive hormone levels and follicle diameters in long-term non-oestrus replacement gilts, promote oestrus and restore reproductive capacity in sows. Implications This study provides a method for the use of hormone-treated gilts to maximise the reproductive potential of gilts.

The past of Europe's demographic future

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk J. Van De Kaa
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Average Family Size ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
The 19Th Century

The reproductive capacity of our species is far in excess of its needs. If all women used their reproductive potential to the full they would give birth to about 15 children on average. As averages of 6 or 7 were once sufficient to compensate for the high level of mortality, and higher numbers would have led to unacceptably high levels of population growth, that, presumably, is the level of fertility found in traditional European societies and in developing countries before the onset of fertility decline. In European societies, fertility decline began in the 19th century. It was a reaction to the disequilibrium that resulted from the long-term decline in mortality. However, a clear sequence cannot always be established. The assumption that prevailed in the 1950s and 1960s that this demographic transition, as it is customarily called, would lead to a new equilibrium appears not to have been well founded. Average family size has declined to such low levels that the age structure is seriously affected and the replacement of generations is no longer assured. A new disequilibrium has resulted. If this is a temporary phenomenon it is not an important issue. However, if it has to be assumed that future generations will also limit their reproduction to not more than 10% of their potential, the perspective is different. Even with continued high levels of immigration, population decline will then become inevitable. While some argue this will turn out to be beneficial, it is not without disadvantages.

Depression als Begleiterkrankung – auch noch Jahre nach der Therapie

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (01) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Population Controls

Doege D, Thong MS, Koch-Gallenkamp L et al.Age-specific prevalence and determinants of depression in long-term breast cancer survivors compared to female population controls. Cancer Med 2020; 9: 8713–8721. doi:10.1002/cam4.3476

scholarly journals The Long-Term Effect of Preterm Birth on Renal Function: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2951
Author(s):  
Ju Sun Heo ◽  
Jiwon M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preterm Group ◽  
Preterm Born

The preterm-born adult population is ever increasing following improved survival rates of premature births. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate long-term effects of preterm birth on renal function in preterm-born survivors. We searched PubMed and EMBASE to identify studies that compared renal function in preterm-born survivors and full-term-born controls, published until 2 February 2019. A random effects model with standardized mean difference (SMD) was used for meta-analyses. Heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated using Higgin’s I2 statistics. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. Of a total of 24,388 articles screened, 27 articles were finally included. Compared to full-term-born controls, glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were significantly decreased in preterm survivors (SMD −0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.85 to −0.22, p = 0.0008; SMD −0.39, 95% CI, −0.74 to −0.04, p = 0.03, respectively). Length and volume of the kidneys were significantly decreased in the preterm group compared to the full-term controls (SMD −0.73, 95% CI, −1.04 to −0.41, p < 0.001; SMD −0.82, 95% CI, −1.05 to −0.60, p < 0.001, respectively). However, serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and cystatin C showed no significant difference. The urine microalbumin to creatinine ratio was significantly increased in the preterm group. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also significantly elevated in the preterm group, although the plasma renin level did not differ. This meta-analysis demonstrates that preterm-born survivors may be subject to decreased glomerular filtration, increased albuminuria, decreased kidney size and volume, and hypertension even though their laboratory results may not yet deteriorate.

scholarly journals Hidradenoma papilliferum of the hymen: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozer Birge ◽  
Mehmet Sait Bakır ◽  
Ceyda Karadag ◽  
Zivar Eldarova ◽  
Tayup Simsek
Keyword(s):  
Benign Neoplasm ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Apocrine Glands ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Anogenital Region ◽  
Hidradenoma Papilliferum ◽  
Anogenital Area ◽  
Slow Growing

Abstract Background Hidradenoma papilliferum is a rare benign neoplasm arising from apocrine glands. It occurs commonly on the anogenital region of middle-aged women. It usually presents as a slow growing, solitary asymptomatic, skin colored or red nodule less than 1 cm in diameter. Case presentation The case is a 38-year-old, white woman who presented with a painful nodule occurring within a month in the himenal region of the posterior vaginal introitus. The nodule was excisied and the histology revealed a hidradenoma papilliferum. The diagnosis and treatment of hidradenoma papilliferum is possible with surgical removal and histopathological evaluation of nodules. Conclusion When an adult woman presents with a noduler lesion in the anogenital area, sexually transmitted diseases and other benign and malignant vulvar lesions, as well as malignant transformation is very rare but,should be kept in mind; however because it has been reported and long-term clinical follow-up is suggested

scholarly journals Vegetation and microbes interact to preserve carbon in many wooded peatlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Wang ◽  
Jianqing Tian ◽  
Huai Chen ◽  
Mengchi Ho ◽  
Rytas Vilgalys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Carbon Decomposition ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Recalcitrant Carbon ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Controls ◽  
Slow Growing

AbstractPeatlands have persisted as massive carbon sinks over millennia, even during past periods of climate change. The commonly accepted theory of abiotic controls (mainly anoxia and low temperature) over carbon decomposition cannot fully explain how vast low-latitude shrub/tree dominated (wooded) peatlands consistently accrete peat under warm and seasonally unsaturated conditions. Here we show, by comparing the composition and ecological traits of microbes between Sphagnum- and shrub-dominated peatlands, that slow-growing microbes decisively dominate the studied shrub-dominated peatlands, concomitant with plant-induced increases in highly recalcitrant carbon and phenolics. The slow-growing microbes metabolize organic matter thirty times slower than the fast-growing microbes that dominate our Sphagnum-dominated site. We suggest that the high-phenolic shrub/tree induced shifts in microbial composition may compensate for positive effects of temperature and/or drought on metabolism over time in peatlands. This biotic self-sustaining process that modulates abiotic controls on carbon cycling may improve projections of long-term, climate-carbon feedbacks in peatlands.

scholarly journals Myopericytoma in the Antitragus of the Auricle: A Rare Tumor

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132098457
Author(s):  
Tae Seong Eo ◽  
Jeong Hae Kie ◽  
Hyun Seung Choi ◽  
Junhui Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Large Firm ◽  
Rare Tumor ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Rule Out

A myopericytoma in the auricle is rare. If an auricle contains a large, firm, red-brown mass, excision should be considered because the mass may be a myopericytoma. After excision, histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnoses are essential to rule out malignancy. Long-term follow-up is required because the tumor is slow-growing.

scholarly journals Giant Parotid Pleomorphic Adenoma with Atypical Histological Presentation and Long-Term Recurrence-Free Follow-Up after Surgery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Mohammed AlKindi ◽  
Sundar Ramalingam ◽  
Lujain Abdulmajeed Hakeem ◽  
Manal A. AlSheddi
Keyword(s):  
Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
Extracapsular Dissection ◽  
Slow Growing

Salivary gland tumors (SGT) comprise 3% of all head and neck tumors, are mostly benign, and arise frequently in the parotid gland. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the commonest SGT, representing 60-70% of all benign parotid tumors. Clinically, parotid PA presents as irregular, lobulated, asymptomatic, slow-growing preauricular mass, involving both superficial and deep lobes, and could grow to gigantic proportions. Histologically, PA has epithelial and mesenchymal elements in chondromyxoid matrix and is managed surgically. Based on a review of 43 cases reported in English literature since 1995, giant parotid PA is reported as large as 35 cm (diameter) and 7.3 kg (resected weight). Although rare, 10 cases of malignant transformation were reported in the review. Surgical management included extracapsular dissection (ECD), superficial parotidectomy, and total parotidectomy for benign tumors, and adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy for malignant tumors. We further present the case of a 36-year-old healthy male with slow-growing and asymptomatic giant parotid PA, of 4-year duration. The patient presented with firm, lobulated preauricular swelling, provisionally diagnosed as PA based on radiographic and cytological findings. The tumor was resected through ECD, and the patient had uneventful postoperative recovery and a 7-year recurrence-free follow-up period. Histological examination revealed epimyoepithelial proliferation punctuated by chondromyxoid areas, with extensive squamous metaplasia and keratin cysts. To the best of knowledge from indexed literature, giant parotid PA is rarely reported in Saudi Arabia. In addition to its rarity, this case is reported for its benign nature despite atypical histological presentation, successful surgical management without complications, and long-term recurrence-free follow-up. Based on this report, clinicians must be aware of atypical histological presentations associated with PA and plan suitable surgical management and follow-up to avoid morbidity. Nevertheless, attempts must be made to diagnose and manage these lesions at an early stage and before they reach gigantic proportions.

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