Fish in the matrix: effects of landscape on community-structure patterns of the ichthyofauna of streams in Cerrado

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Bernardi Vieira ◽  
Leandro Schlemmer Brasil ◽  
Naiara Raiol Torres ◽  
Tatiana Lima de Melo ◽  
Elto Aparecido Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Structure Patterns

This study aims to identify species richness and composition patterns of the ichthyofauna in different landscape matrices (forest, pasture and eucalypt crops) and to evaluate the variation of species composition in different matrices, identifying possible indicator species. We selected 21 streams; 7 were surrounded by native vegetation, 9 surrounded by pasture and 5 by eucalypt crops. We tested whether there was difference in the composition and species richness. In addition, we used the indicator value (IndVal) to verify if there were species faithful and specific to some land use and land cover. Streams located in forest presented the highest estimated species richness, followed by streams in pasturelands and eucalypt matrices. There was no difference between the composition of fishes in different matrices, but we observed a relationship between Phenacorhamdia somnians (Mees, 1974) and pasture matrix. The results indicated that the change in land use may benefit some generalist species such as Phenacorhamdia somnians.

Corrigendum to: Fish in the matrix: effects of landscape on community-structure patterns of the ichthyofauna of streams in Cerrado

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1219
Author(s):  
Thiago Bernardi Vieira ◽  
Leandro Schlemmer Brasil ◽  
Naiara Raiol Torres ◽  
Tatiana Lima de Melo ◽  
Elto Aparecido Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Structure Patterns

This study aims to identify species richness and composition patterns of the ichthyofauna in different landscape matrices (forest, pasture and eucalypt crops) and to evaluate the variation of species composition in different matrices, identifying possible indicator species. We selected 21 streams; 7 were surrounded by native vegetation, 9 surrounded by pasture and 5 by eucalypt crops. We tested whether there was difference in the composition and species richness. In addition, we used the indicator value (IndVal) to verify if there were species faithful and specific to some land use and land cover. Streams located in forest presented the highest estimated species richness, followed by streams in pasturelands and eucalypt matrices. There was no difference between the composition of fishes in different matrices, but we observed a relationship between Phenacorhamdia somnians (Mees, 1974) and pasture matrix. The results indicated that the change in land use may benefit some generalist species such as Phenacorhamdia somnians.

scholarly journals Native forests but not agroforestry systems preserve arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species richness in southern Ethiopia

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-759
Author(s):  
Zerihun Belay ◽  
Mesele Negash ◽  
Janne Kaseva ◽  
Mauritz Vestberg ◽  
Helena Kahiluoto
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The rapid conversion of native forests to farmland in Ethiopia, the cradle of biodiversity, threatens the diversity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) pivotal to plant nutrition and carbon sequestration. This study aimed to investigate the impact of this land-use change on the AMF species composition and diversity in southern Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from nine plots in each of three land-use types: native forest, agroforestry, and khat monocropping. The plots of the three land-use types were located adjacent to each other for each of the nine replicates. Three 10 × 10m subplots per plot were sampled. AMF spores were extracted from the soil samples, spore densities were determined, and species composition and diversity were evaluated through morphological analysis. Both spore density and species richness were statistically significantly higher in the native forest than in the agroforestry plots with no clear difference to khat, whereas the true diversity (exponential of Shannon–Wiener diversity index) did not differ among the three land-use types due to high evenness among the species in agroforestry. In total, 37 AMF morphotypes belonging to 12 genera in Glomeromycota were found, dominated by members of the genera Acaulospora and Glomus. The highest isolation frequency index (78%) was recorded for Acaulospora koskei from native forest. Consequently, the agroforestry system did not appear to aid in preserving the AMF species richness of native forests relative to perennial monocropping, such as khat cultivation. In contrast, the native forest areas can serve as in situ genetic reserves of mycorrhizal symbionts adapted to the local vegetative, edaphic, and microbial conditions.

scholarly journals The Community of Strongylids (Nematoda, Strongylida) of Working Donkeys (Equus Asinus) in Ukraine

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. e-18-e-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kuzmina ◽  
Yu. Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Equus Asinus

The Community of Strongylids (Nematoda, Strongylida) of Working Donkeys (Equus Asinus) in UkraineThe aim of our work was to study the species composition of the strongylid community of donkeys and to explore the influence of anthelmintic treatments on the community structure. Strongylid nematodes were collected by the diagnostic deworming technique from 33 donkeys from the riding school "Chudo-oslik" (Crimea) (25), from Kharkiv (3) and Kyiv zoos (2) and Kyiv riding schools (3). Seventeen species were found in donkeys studied: 16 species of Cyathostominae and 1 of Strongylinae. Between 2 and 7 species were found per donkey (average of 4.2 ± 2.8). Cyathostomum tetracanthum, C. catinatum, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus goldi and C. longibursatus) dominated in the community; they were found in 80-100% animals studied and comprised 91.7% of the total number of strongylids collected. Two species C. tetracanthum and Cylicocyclus auriculatus were found to be specific for donkeys. The results obtained showed a reduction of the species richness of the strongylid community in donkeys from riding schools and zoos caused by lack of grazing and by regular anthelmintic treatments.

scholarly journals Meter scale variation in shrub dominance and soil moisture structure Arctic arthropod communities

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke Reisner Hansen ◽  
Oskar Liset Pryds Hansen ◽  
Joseph J. Bowden ◽  
Urs A. Treier ◽  
Signe Normand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Vegetation Height ◽  
Habitat Variation ◽  
Shrub Dominance ◽  
Scale Variation

The Arctic is warming at twice the rate of the rest of the world. This impacts Arctic species both directly, through increased temperatures, and indirectly, through structural changes in their habitats. Species are expected to exhibit idiosyncratic responses to structural change, which calls for detailed investigations at the species and community level. Here, we investigate how arthropod assemblages of spiders and beetles respond to variation in habitat structure at small spatial scales. We sampled transitions in shrub dominance and soil moisture between three different habitats (fen, dwarf shrub heath, and tall shrub tundra) at three different sites along a fjord gradient in southwest Greenland, using yellow pitfall cups. We identified 2,547 individuals belonging to 47 species. We used species richness estimation, indicator species analysis and latent variable modeling to examine differences in arthropod community structure in response to habitat variation at local (within site) and regional scales (between sites). We estimated species responses to the environment by fitting species-specific generalized linear models with environmental covariates. Species assemblages were segregated at the habitat and site level. Each habitat hosted significant indicator species, and species richness and diversity were significantly lower in fen habitats. Assemblage patterns were significantly linked to changes in soil moisture and vegetation height, as well as geographic location. We show that meter-scale variation among habitats affects arthropod community structure, supporting the notion that the Arctic tundra is a heterogeneous environment. To gain sufficient insight into temporal biodiversity change, we require studies of species distributions detailing species habitat preferences.

scholarly journals Influence of land use on the condition of the riparian zone along an urban-rural gradient in the Sabinal River, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Díaz-Pascacio ◽  
Alejandro Ortega-Argueta ◽  
María Mercedes Castillo-Uzcanga ◽  
Neptalí Ramírez-Marcial
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Riparian Zone ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Riparian Zones ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Human Settlements

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Riparian vegetation is strongly influenced by the surrounding land use. While it is known that urbanization processes can affect plant species composition and the ecological condition of the riparian zone, the specific responses require a fuller understanding.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis:</strong> The quality of riparian zones is inversely related to the degree of urbanization of adjacent areas, and that land uses that provide forest cover ensure a less degraded condition and greater diversity of species.</p><p><strong>Study site and year of study: </strong>Sabinal River basin, Chiapas, Mexico, 2015.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>Measures of the Riparian Quality Index (RQI) and plant species composition were compared among three different land use conditions (secondary forest, grasslands and crops, and human settlements). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Riparian zones adjacent to secondary forest showed higher RQI than those next to grasslands and crops and human settlements. Riparian zones within secondary forest also had a higher woody species richness and better substrate condition, whereas reaches adjacent to human settlements appeared paved and eroded, exhibiting soil compaction. Species richness and diversity were positively correlated to the RQI and were greater in riparian zones adjacent to secondary forest than in those next to human settlements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While grazing and cultivation affect the riparian zone, expansion of urban areas has a greater impact by reducing woody species richness and diversity, altering species composition and favoring soil compaction and bank erosion, which results in reduced riparian quality.</p>

scholarly journals Carabid community structure in northern China grassland ecosystems: Effects of local habitat on species richness, species composition and functional diversity

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelline Tsafack ◽  
François Rebaudo ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Dávid D. Nagy ◽  
Yingzhong Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Local Habitat

Background Most carabid beetles are particularly sensitive to local habitat characteristics. Although in China grasslands account for more than 40% of the national land, their biodiversity is still poorly known. The aim of this paper is to identify the main environmental characteristics influencing carabid diversity in different types of grassland in northern China. Methods We investigated the influence of vegetation (plant biomass, cover, density, height and species richness), soil (bulk density, above ground litter, moisture and temperature) and climate (humidity, precipitation and temperature) on carabid community structure (species richness, species composition and functional diversity—measured as body size, movement and total diversity) in three types of grasslands: desert, typical and meadow steppes. We used Canonical correspondence analysis to investigate the role of habitat characteristics on species composition and eigenvector spatial filtering to investigate the responses of species richness and functional diversities. Results We found that carabid community structure was strongly influenced by local habitat characteristics and particularly by climatic factors. Carabids in the desert steppe showed the lowest richness and functional diversities. Climate predictors (temperature, precipitation and humidity) had positive effects on carabid species richness at both regional and ecosystem levels, with difference among ecosystems. Plant diversity had a positive influence on carabid richness at the regional level. Soil compaction and temperature were negatively related to species richness at regional level. Climatic factors positively influenced functional diversities, whereas soil temperature had negative effects. Soil moisture and temperature were the most important drivers of species composition at regional level, whereas the relative importance of the various environmental parameters varied among ecosystems. Discussion Carabid responses to environmental characteristics varied among grassland types, which warns against generalizations and indicates that management programs should be considered at grassland scale. Carabid community structure is strongly influenced by climatic factors, and can therefore be particularly sensitive to ongoing climate change.

scholarly journals Effect of land use on the composition, diversity and abundance of insects drifting in neotropical streams

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. G. Gimenez ◽  
F. A. Lansac-Tôha ◽  
J. Higuti
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Invertebrate Drift ◽  
Insect Community ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Neotropical Streams ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Streams may exhibit differences in community structure of invertebrate drift, which may be a reflex of variation in environmental factors, able to change in conditions of anthropogenic interventions. The aim of this study was to analyze the composition, diversity and abundance of insects drifting in two neotropical streams under different land use and to identify the environmental factors involved in determining such patterns. 54 taxa of aquatic insects were identified in urban and rural streams. The results indicated significant differences in species composition due to the replacement of specialist species by generalist species in the urban stream. Higher diversity of taxa was recorded in the rural stream, with high levels of dissolved oxygen and high water flow, which favored the occurrence of sensitive groups to environmental disturbances, such as Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Coleoptera taxa, that living mainly in clean and well oxygenated waters. On the other hand, a higher density of insects drifting, especially Chironomidae, was observed in the urban stream, where high values of pH, electrical conductivity and nitrogen were observed. These larvae are able to explore a wide range of environmental conditions, owing to their great capacity for physiological adaptation. Despite observing the expected patterns, there were no significant differences between streams for the diversity and abundance of species. Thus, the species composition can be considered as the best predictor of impacts on the drifting insect community.

scholarly journals Effects of exotic pastures on tadpole assemblages in Pantanal floodplains: assessing changes in species composition

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo F.B. Moreira ◽  
Luiz A. Solino-Carvalho ◽  
Christine Strüssmann ◽  
Roberto M.L. Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Composition Gradient ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Assemblage Composition ◽  
Flood Season ◽  
Occupancy Probability

Land use change has been identified as a major driver of amphibian decline around the world. Yet we generally lack an understanding of how conversion to exotic pastures affects freshwater communities. This study examined tadpole assemblages in areas converted to exotic pastures and native wooded grasslands in northern Pantanal wetland, Midwestern Brazil. We tested the differences in site occupancy probability and assemblage composition during a flood season. We registered thirteen tadpole species, but only five were detected at levels suitable for occupancy modelling. For most species, tadpole occupancy was higher at the beginning of the flood season. Only Scinax fuscomarginatus occupancy was related with vegetation cover. Occupancy probability for three species (Dendropsophus nanus, Physalaemus centralis, and Physalaemus cuvieri) was associated positively with species richness of fish. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that exotic pastures hosted a different tadpole assemblage than native areas. The assemblage composition gradient was associated with species richness of fish, vegetation cover and volume of herbaceous vegetation and leaf litter. These differences likely relate to specific traits of individual anuran species (dietary plasticity, reproductive mode, and habitat preference). The study showed that some generalist species were able to cope with replacement of native vegetation by exotic species. However, management practices have maintained many areas in the Pantanal at a stage of a near-pristine wetland ecosystem and replacement of native vegetation by exotic pastures should be done with caution.

Spring bryophytes in forested landscapes: Land use effects on bryophyte species richness, community structure and persistence

2005 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Heino ◽  
Risto Virtanen ◽  
Kari-Matti Vuori ◽  
Jouko Saastamoinen ◽  
Arvo Ohtonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Forested Landscapes ◽  
Land Use Effects

Mite fauna associated with Cecropia pachystachya Trec. (Urticaceae)—the importance of the plant as reservoir and dissemination means for predatory mites

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1780
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Lofego ◽  
Jose Marcos Rezende ◽  
Peterson Rodrigo Demite ◽  
Reinaldo Jose Fazzio Feres
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Pioneer Plants ◽  
Pioneer Plant ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Northwest Region

Cecropia pachystachya Trec. (Urticaceae) is a common pioneer plant from South America, which is found on both degraded and preserved environments. Pioneer plants are able to disperse into agricultural environments and to introduce species of mites different from those present amongst the cultivated plants. This study evaluated the mite fauna present on plants of C. pachystachya associated with 18 forest fragment sites in the Northwest region of the state of São Paulo, a region where only 3% of the native vegetation is preserved. High species richness (82 species) and abundance (3,631 specimens) of mites were recorded on the plants, with high variation in species composition among the sites sampled. Regardless the species composition, most of the sites showed predominance of species considered predators, indicating that C. pachystachya provides some type of food for these mites. The data obtained in the study suggest that this plant can be an important reservoir of predatory mites and could facilitate their dissemination from preserved environments to degraded areas or crops.

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