Importance of tussocks in supporting plant diversity in Carex schmidtii Meinsh. wetlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Wang ◽  
Shengzhong Wang ◽  
Guodong Wang ◽  
Ming Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Plant Composition ◽  
Total N ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Sedge Meadows ◽  
Total P

Tussocks created by Carex schmidtii in sedge meadows may be able to support biodiversity because of their structural complexity. Concerns about diversity loss and the potential to restore species-rich tussocks led us to investigate how tussocks foster high species richness and affect composition. We investigated vegetation in paired plots on and between tussocks of C. schmidtii, and measured environmental factors on and between tussocks. In all, 79 taxa were found in the sedge meadows. Species richness was higher on rather than between tussocks. During the growing season, the tops of tussocks were above the water level, whereas the area between tussocks was flooded. Soil temperature, organic carbon, soil total P and litter depth were higher on rather than between tussocks. Soil water content and soil total N were lower on than between tussocks. Species richness on tussocks increased with increasing tussock basal area, height and surface area. Based on canonical correspondence analysis, plant composition was mostly related to field water depth, organic carbon and tussock basal area. We conclude that tussocks enhance species richness by increasing surface area, and support a diversity of co-occurring species by creating at least two distinct microhabitats.

scholarly journals STRUCTURE AND DIVERSITY OF THE THREE PLANT ASSOCIATIONS IN THE SAN JUAN RIVER DELTA, CHOCÓ, COLOMBIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Alvarez-Dávila ◽  
Gabriel Camilo Jaramillo-Giraldo ◽  
Carlos Cesar Cogollo-Rivera ◽  
Hugo Martínez-Higuera ◽  
Edward Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Flood Level ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
San Juan River ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Components Analysis

ABSTRACT The forests of the Pacific Coasts of Chocó are timber suppliers for Colombia. The floodable plant associations have been poorly investigated. To contribute with ecological basis for their management, the aim of this study was to learn about the differences between the forests of three physiographies and how the flood level explains them, comparing these forests with other of the neotropic. Three parcels of 0.5 ha were stablished y and individuals with DBH ≥ 10 cm were measured. The most common species is Oenocarpus bataua in well drained zones and Campnosperma panamensis in permanently flooded or swamp. The principal components analysis separated the three communities; the first and the second components explained 48% and 26% of the total variation, respectively. There is a high species richness and density of small and medium tall trees in the terrace and hill, in contrast with the low richness in the swamp zone with hyperdominance of one species and a bigger basal area. The dominance of species well adapted to stress caused by hydric excess in the swamp evidenced an environmental filter, that determines a composition and structure particular in the swamp. The studied forests have particular characteristics that differentiate them from other forests of low tropical lands, in particular, a high tree density, less species richness and lower mean wood density compared with Amazonia forests.

Effects of irrigation and tillage on soil organic carbon and nutrients in mining-induced subsided cropland

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
X. J. Nie ◽  
H. B. Zhang ◽  
S. Y. Li
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Longitudinal Slope ◽  
Transverse Slope ◽  
Total P ◽  
Slope Direction

Little is known about the effect of field management on soil quality in mining subsidence landscapes. In this study, we selected subsided cropland from the Jiaozuo coal mining district, China, to determine the effects of irrigation and tillage on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrients. Irrigation and tillage differentially affected the dynamics of SOC, total nitrogen (N) and total phosphorus (P) in subsided cropland at 15–18 years after surface subsidence. Tillage along a longitudinal slope-direction induced greater depletions of SOC, N and P stocks in subsided cropland compared with tillage along a transverse slope-direction (TT). These parameters were also more depleted under rainfed than under irrigated conditions. The distribution of SOC, total N and total P was related to soil redistribution by soil erosion in subsided cropland. Integrated irrigation-TT management reduced the within-field variations in SOC, total N and total P, and irrigation reduced within-field variation in SOC. These results indicate the effects of tillage and irrigation on soil erosion and subsequently on SOC and nutrients in subsided cropland. Practicing tillage over great subsidence gradients is detrimental to soil conservation. Combining small subsidence gradients with irrigation may be an alternative to traditional engineering reclamation of subsided cropland.

Groundwater–Surface Water Relationships in Boreal Forest Watersheds: Dissolved Organic Carbon and Inorganic Nutrient Dynamics

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Ford ◽  
Robert J. Naiman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Total N ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Forest Watersheds ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Total P

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic nutrients (NH4-N, NO3-N, soluble total N, PO4-P, soluble total P, and Si) were measured in ground and surface waters in the Matamek River drainage network, Quebec, Canada. In general, concentrations of carbon and nitrogen were significantly higher in groundwater than in surface water (up to 340% for DOC and up to 700% for total N). No significant difference was detected for phosphorus whereas considerable variation occurred for silicon, with significantly higher groundwater concentrations at 50% of the study sites. We hypothesize that (1) groundwater is a source of DOC and nitrogen in these systems and (2) nutrients introduced through groundwater seepage are rapidly utilized via oxidative, biotic processes within the hyporheal zone or at the sediment–water interface.

Ultrasound Coupled with Fenton Oxidation Pre-Treatment of Sludge to Release Organic Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus

2015 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 506-514
Author(s):  
Chang Xiu Gong ◽  
Jian Guo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Fenton Oxidation ◽  
Fenton Reagent ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Total P

We focused on the effects of ultrasound and Fenton reagent in ultrasonic coupling Fenton oxidation (U+F) pre-treatment processes on the disintegration of wastewater treatment plant sludge. The results demonstrated that U+F treatment could significantly increase SCOD, TOC, total N, proteins, total P and PO43- concentrations in sludge supernatant. This method was more effective than ultrasonic (U) or Fenton oxidation (F) treatment alone. U+F treatment increased the SCOD by 2.1-and 1.4-fold compared with U and F alone, respectively. U+F treatment increased the total N and P by 1.7-and 2.2-fold, respectively, compared with F alone. This demonstrated that U+F treatment induces disintegration of sludge and release of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus better.

Above- and below-ground response to soil moisture change on an alpine wetland ecosystem in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 7141-7164 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.-L. Wu ◽  
W. Li ◽  
L.-P. Zhao ◽  
Z.-H. Shi ◽  
Z.-P. Shangguan
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Wetland Ecosystem ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Alpine Wetland ◽  
Below Ground

Abstract. Climate change is expected to affect plant communities worldwide. However, less is known about the consequences of global warming-induced decrease of soil moisture on alpine wetland ecosystem in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. To determine response of natural alpine wetland community to decrease of soil moisture, we did a gradient analysis of soil moisture by sequence space-series variation. We used sequence space-series variation of soil moisture to reflect potential time-series variation of soil moisture in alpine wetland community, by examining the effects of spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture on wetland community, as well as by determining how shifts in above- and below-ground properties of alpine wetland community. We found that vegetation aboveground biomass, cover and height all significantly increased with increase of soil moisture, but species richness was decreased. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus all significantly increased with increase of soil moisture, but soil pH value, total potassium and available potassium were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, species richness showed significantly positive correlations to aboveground biomass, covers and height. Aboveground biomass, vegetation covers and height were all significant positively related to soil organic carbon, total N, P, and available N, P, but negatively related to total K. But, species richness were significant negatively related to soil organic carbon, total N, P, and available N, P, but positively related to total K. Our observation indicates that decreasing of soil moisture may potentially negatively impact on the above- and below-ground properties in alpine wetland community.

LAND USE TYPES AND SOIL CHARACTERISTICTS: A CASE STUDY IN HUONG VINH COMMUNE, HUONG TRA TOWN, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (4B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trần Thanh Đức
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Total N ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Total P

This research carried out in Huong Vinh commune, Huong Tra town, Thua Thien Hue province aimed to identify types of land use and soil characteristics. Results showed that five crops are found in Huong Vinh commune including rice, peanut, sweet potato, cassava and vegetable. There are two major soil orders with four soil suborders classified by FAO in Huong Vinh commune including Fluvisols (Dystric Fluvisols<em>, </em>Gleyic Fluvisols and Cambic Fluvisols) and Arenosols (Haplic Arenosols). The results from soil analysis showed that three soil suborders including Dystric Fluvisols<em>, </em>Gleyic Fluvisols and Cambic Fluvisols belonging to Fluvisols were clay loam in texture, low pH, low in OC, total N, total P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and total K<sub>2</sub>O. Meanwhile, the Haplic Arenosols was loamy sand in texture, poor capacity to hold OC, total N, total P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and total K<sub>2</sub>O

Experience with nutrient removal in a fixed-film system at full-scale wastewater treatment plants

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibeke R. Borregaard
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Total N ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
On Line

In the upgrade of wastewater treatment plants to include biological nutrient removal the space available is often a limiting facor. It may be difficult to use conventional suspended growth processes (i.e. activated sludge) owing to the relatively large surface area required for these processes. Recent years have therefore seen a revived interest in treatment technologies using various types of attached growth processes. The “new” attached growth processes, like the Biostyr process, utilise various kinds of manufactured media, e.g. polystyrene granules, which offer a high specific surface area, and are therefore very compact. The Biostyr plants allow a combination of nitrification-denitrification and filtration in one and the same unit. The results obtained are 8 mg total N/l and an SS content normally below 10 mg/l. The plants in Denmark which have been extended with a Biostyr unit have various levels of PLC control and on-line instrumentation.

Total organic carbon and the preservation of organic-walled microfossils in Precambrian shale

Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Woltz ◽  
S.M. Porter ◽  
H. Agić ◽  
C.M. Dehler ◽  
C.K. Junium ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Surface Pattern ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Eukaryotic Diversity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Fossil Preservation

Much of our understanding of early eukaryote diversity and paleoecology comes from the record of organic-walled microfossils in shale, yet the conditions controlling their preservation are not well understood. It has been suggested that high concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) inhibit the preservation of organic fossils in shale, and although this idea is supported anecdotally, it has never been tested. Here we compared the presence, preservational quality, and assemblage diversity of organic-walled microfossils to TOC concentrations of 346 shale samples that span the late Paleoproterozoic to middle Neoproterozoic in age. We found that fossil-bearing samples have significantly lower median TOC values (0.32 wt%, n = 189) than those containing no fossils (0.72 wt%, n = 157). Preservational quality, measured by the loss of surface pattern, density of pitting, and deterioration of wall margin, decreases as TOC increases. Species richness negatively correlates with TOC within the ca. 750 Ma Chuar Group (Arizona, USA), but no relationship is observed in other units. These results support the hypothesis that high TOC content either decreases the preservational quality or inhibits the preservation of organic-walled microfossils altogether. However, it is also possible that other causal factors, including sedimentation rate and microbial degradation, account for the correlation between fossil preservation and TOC. We expect that as TOC varies in space and time, so too does the probability of finding well-preserved fossils. A compilation of 13,940 TOC values spanning Earth history suggests significantly higher median TOC levels in Mesoproterozoic versus Neoproterozoic shale, potentially biasing the interpreted pattern of increased eukaryotic diversity in the Tonian.

scholarly journals Quantifying Understory Complexity in Unmanaged Forests Using TLS and Identifying Some of Its Major Drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1513
Author(s):  
Dominik Seidel ◽  
Peter Annighöfer ◽  
Christian Ammer ◽  
Martin Ehbrecht ◽  
Katharina Willim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Seasonal Precipitation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

The structural complexity of the understory layer of forests or shrub layer vegetation in open shrublands affects many ecosystem functions and services provided by these ecosystems. We investigated how the basal area of the overstory layer, annual and seasonal precipitation, annual mean temperature, as well as light availability affect the structural complexity of the understory layer along a gradient from closed forests to open shrubland with only scattered trees. Using terrestrial laser scanning data and the understory complexity index (UCI), we measured the structural complexity of sites across a wide range of precipitation and temperature, also covering a gradient in light availability and basal area. We found significant relationships between the UCI and tree basal area as well as canopy openness. Structural equation models (SEMs) confirmed significant direct effects of seasonal precipitation on the UCI without mediation through basal area or canopy openness. However, annual precipitation and temperature effects on the UCI are mediated through canopy openness and basal area, respectively. Understory complexity is, despite clear dependencies on the available light and overall stand density, significantly and directly driven by climatic parameters, particularly the amount of precipitation during the driest month.

scholarly journals Biodiversity hanging by a thread: the importance of fungal litter-trapping systems in tropical rainforests

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake L. Snaddon ◽  
Edgar C. Turner ◽  
Tom M. Fayle ◽  
Chey V. Khen ◽  
Paul Eggleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Dramatic Reduction ◽  
Experimental Removal ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Vital Resource

The exceptionally high species richness of arthropods in tropical rainforests hinges on the complexity of the forest itself: that is, on features such as the high plant diversity, the layered nature of the canopy and the abundance and the diversity of epiphytes and litter. We here report on one important, but almost completely neglected, piece of this complex jigsaw—the intricate network of rhizomorph-forming fungi that ramify through the vegetation of the lower canopy and intercept falling leaf litter. We show that this litter-trapping network is abundant and intercepts substantial amounts of litter (257.3 kg ha −1 ): this exceeds the amount of material recorded in any other rainforest litter-trapping system. Experimental removal of this fungal network resulted in a dramatic reduction in both the abundance (decreased by 70.2 ± 4.1%) and morphospecies richness (decreased by 57.4 ± 5.1%) of arthropods. Since the lower canopy levels can contain the highest densities of arthropods, the proportion of the rainforest fauna dependent on the fungal networks is likely to be substantial. Fungal litter-trapping systems are therefore a crucial component of habitat complexity, providing a vital resource that contributes significantly to rainforest biodiversity.

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