How many trophic roles can elasmobranchs play in a marine tropical network?

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés F. Navia ◽  
Paola A. Mejía-Falla ◽  
Juliana López-García ◽  
Alan Giraldo ◽  
Victor H. Cruz-Escalona
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Marine Food Web ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Elasmobranch Species ◽  
Regular Equivalence ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Web

The aims of the present study were to identify the trophic roles of shark and batoid species in a tropical marine food web and to examine how ontogenetic dietary changes affect these roles. Elasmobranch species at different stages of maturity (juveniles and adults) are distributed at medium and high trophic levels (3.2–4.2), preying on numerous fish and invertebrates. Nine trophic groups comprising species at different stages of maturity were identified. Considering the maturity stages, elasmobranchs were found in five trophic groups and 37.5% of the regular equivalence nodes in the web. These species had roles as both predator and prey in four trophic levels of the web, participating in most of the roles identified, and are highly redundant in their functions as prey and mesopredators, but not in their role as top predators. The results of the present study suggest that elasmobranchs can be fundamental to the structure and function of marine food webs and highlight the need to include the effect of ontogenetic changes in the diet of these predators in future assessments of their ecological relevance.

From plankton to top predators: bottom-up control of a marine food web across four trophic levels

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1259-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
MORTEN FREDERIKSEN ◽  
MARTIN EDWARDS ◽  
ANTHONY J. RICHARDSON ◽  
NICHOLAS C. HALLIDAY ◽  
SARAH WANLESS
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Marine Food Web ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Marine Food

scholarly journals Perspectives on marine zooplankton lipids

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1628-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Kattner ◽  
W Hagen ◽  
R F Lee ◽  
R Campbell ◽  
D Deibel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ocean Climate ◽  
Marine Food Web ◽  
Storage Lipids ◽  
Marine Zooplankton ◽  
Lipid Dynamics ◽  
And Function

We developed new perspectives to identify important questions and to propose approaches for future research on marine food web lipids. They were related to (i) structure and function of lipids, (ii) lipid changes during critical life phases, (iii) trophic marker lipids, and (iv) potential impact of climate change. The first addresses the role of lipids in membranes, storage lipids, and buoyancy with the following key question: How are the properties of membranes and deposits affected by the various types of lipids? The second deals with the importance of various types of lipids during reproduction, development, and resting phases and addresses the role of the different storage lipids during growth and dormancy. The third relates to trophic marker lipids, which are an important tool to follow lipid and energy transfer through the food web. The central question is how can fatty acids be used to identify and quantify food web relationships? With the fourth, hypotheses are presented on effects of global warming, which may result in the reduction or change in abundance of large, lipid-rich copepods in polar oceans, thereby strongly affecting higher trophic levels. The key question is how will lipid dynamics respond to changes in ocean climate at high latitudes?

scholarly journals A total of 219 metagenome-assembled genomes of microorganisms from Icelandic marine waters

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11112
Author(s):  
Clara Jégousse ◽  
Pauline Vannier ◽  
René Groben ◽  
Frank Oliver Glöckner ◽  
Viggó Marteinsson
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Mock Community ◽  
Marine Food Web ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
And Function ◽  
Marine Microbial Diversity

Marine microorganisms contribute to the health of the global ocean by supporting the marine food web and regulating biogeochemical cycles. Assessing marine microbial diversity is a crucial step towards understanding the global ocean. The waters surrounding Iceland are a complex environment where relatively warm salty waters from the Atlantic cool down and sink down to the deep. Microbial studies in this area have focused on photosynthetic micro- and nanoplankton mainly using microscopy and chlorophyll measurements. However, the diversity and function of the bacterial and archaeal picoplankton remains unknown. Here, we used a co-assembly approach supported by a marine mock community to reconstruct metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from 31 metagenomes from the sea surface and seafloor of four oceanographic sampling stations sampled between 2015 and 2018. The resulting 219 MAGs include 191 bacterial, 26 archaeal and two eukaryotic MAGs to bridge the gap in our current knowledge of the global marine microbiome.

Comparing trophic levels estimated from a tropical marine food web using an ecosystem model and stable isotopes

2020 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 106518
Author(s):  
Jianguo Du ◽  
Petrus Christianus Makatipu ◽  
Lily S.R. Tao ◽  
Daniel Pauly ◽  
William W.L. Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Marine Food Web ◽  
Marine Food

scholarly journals Subtle Differences in the Representation of Consumer Dynamics Have Large Effects in Marine Food Web Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Flynn ◽  
Douglas C. Speirs ◽  
Michael R. Heath ◽  
Aditee Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Grazing Rate ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Marine Food Web ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Marine Food

Projecting ocean biogeochemistry and fisheries resources under climate change requires confidence in simulation models. Core to such models is the description of consumer dynamics relating prey abundance to capture, digestion efficiency and growth rate. Capture is most commonly described as a linear function of prey encounter or by rectangular hyperbola. Most models also describe consumers as eating machines which “live-to-eat,” where growth (μ) is limited by a maximum grazing rate (Gmax). Real consumers can feed much faster than needed to support their maximum growth rate (μmax); with feeding modulated by satiation, they “eat-to-live.” A set of strategic analyses were conducted of these alternative philosophies of prey consumption dynamics and testing of their effects in the StrathE2E end-to-end marine food web and fisheries model. In an experiment where assimilation efficiencies were decreased by 10%, such as might result from a change in temperature or ocean acidity, the different formulation resulted in up to 100% variation in the change in abundances of food web components, especially in the mid-trophic levels. Our analysis points to a need for re-evaluation of some long-accepted principles in consumer-resource modeling.

scholarly journals Differential routing of ‘new’ nitrogen toward higher trophic levels within the marine food web of the Gulf of Aqaba, Northern Red Sea

2009 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aberle ◽  
Thomas Hansen ◽  
Ruth Boettger-Schnack ◽  
Antje Burmeister ◽  
Anton F. Post ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Gulf Of Aqaba ◽  
Marine Food Web ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
Northern Red Sea

The bioaccumulation and effects of organochlorine pesticides in marine animals

1975 ◽  
Vol 189 (1096) ◽  
pp. 291-304 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Marine Food Chain ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Marine Food

Organochlorine pesticides have been in use now for about 30 years. As a class of compounds they are not in general readily degradable and they can now be detected in a wide range of samples taken anywhere in the world, including the deep oceans. Organochlorine pesticides are highly fat soluble and it was discovered over 15 years ago that they were accumulated by several forms of life, especially the top predators. Since this discovery a great deal of effort has been spent in attempts to establish to what extent they affect organisms other than the target insect pests. This paper reviews the levels of various pesticides in the sea and the concentration found at different trophic levels in the marine food chain. The levels of accumulation relative to sea water are discussed, together with the known and potential effects that the accumulation levels might have on different types of organisms.

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