First observations of dusky sharks (Carcharhinus obscurus) attacking a humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) calf

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Dicken ◽  
A. A. Kock ◽  
M. Hardenberg
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Humpback Whale ◽  
Megaptera Novaeangliae ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Carcharhinus Obscurus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Insight Into

Direct observations of sharks attacking mysticetes are rare. The present study provides the first direct observation of dusky sharks (Carcharhinus obscurus) attacking a humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) calf. The event was witnessed on 16 July 2014 within the Pondoland Marine Protected Area, South Africa, during the annual sardine run. The event involved a group of ~10 to 20 dusky sharks ranging in length between 2 and 3m. The sharks followed in a loose group behind the whale and attacked it while it was on the surface as well as when diving. Shark bites were concentrated on the left-hand side of the whale’s body primarily between the pectoral fin and tail fluke, with almost no bites on the right-hand side. Most of the bites were superficial and resulted in tooth impressions and scrapes with little tissue removed. The condition of the calf deteriorated over the study period and it was presumed to have drowned from exhaustion when it stopped surfacing. These observations provide a new insight into the potential threat that dusky sharks may pose to whale calves.

Population trends for humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) foraging in the Francisco Coloane Coastal‐Marine Protected Area, Magellan Strait, Chile

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1212-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cole C. Monnahan ◽  
Jorge Acevedo ◽  
A. Noble Hendrix ◽  
Scott Gende ◽  
Anelio Aguayo‐Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Megaptera Novaeangliae ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Magellan Strait ◽  
Coastal Marine

scholarly journals Hydraulic adjustment to an obstacle in a rotating channel

2000 ◽  
Vol 404 ◽  
pp. 117-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. PRATT ◽  
K. R. HELFRICH ◽  
E. P. CHASSIGNET
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
Infinite Length ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Narrow Channels ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Layer Flow ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rotating Channel ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Obstacle Height

In order to gain insight into the hydraulics of rotating-channel flow, a set of initial-value problems analogous to Long's towing experiments is considered. Specifically, we calculate the adjustment caused by the introduction of a stationary obstacle into a steady, single-layer flow in a rotating channel of infinite length. Using the semigeostrophic approximation and the assumption of uniform potential vorticity, we predict the critical obstacle height above which upstream influence occurs. This height is a function of the initial Froude number, the ratio of the channel width to an appropriately defined Rossby radius of deformation, and a third parameter governing how the initial volume flux in sidewall boundary layers is partitioned. (In all cases, the latter is held to a fixed value specifying zero flow in the right-hand (facing downstream) boundary layer.) The temporal development of the flow according to the full, two-dimensional shallow water equations is calculated numerically, revealing numerous interesting features such as upstream-propagating shocks and separated rarefying intrusions, downstream hydraulic jumps in both depth and stream width, flow separation, and two types of recirculations. The semigeostrophic prediction of the critical obstacle height proves accurate for relatively narrow channels and moderately accurate for wide channels. Significantly, we find that contact with the left-hand wall (facing downstream) is crucial to most of the interesting and important features. For example, no instances are found of hydraulic control of flow that is separated from the left-hand wall at the sill, despite the fact that such states have been predicted by previous semigeostrophic theories. The calculations result in a series of regime diagrams that should be very helpful for investigators who wish to gain insight into rotating, hydraulically driven flow.

scholarly journals MARKETING ACCESS FOR THE GLOBAL MARKET

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Katerina Dukoska
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Marketing Department ◽  
Marketing Orientation ◽  
Product Service ◽  
The Right ◽  
Insight Into

The company in the global economy is persisting in the production of goods that people want and are able to buy. Accordingly, it is essential to determine the market consumption to gain insight into the company's continued existence and resilience in the event that there is no potential threat to liquidation. Many companies today focus their focus on consumers (or towards the market). This implies that companies focus their activities and products on customer requirements. In general, there are three ways to do this: an approach to consumers, an approach to recognizing market changes and an approach to product innovation. In the approach to consumers, the wishes of the buyer are the drivers of all strategic marketing decisions. No strategy has been put into use until it passes the consumer research test. Every aspect of market supply, including the nature of the product itself, is driven by the needs of potential consumers. In this type of business, the firm's marketing department is often seen as a prime importance for the level of the organization's performance. The information from the marketing department of the organization will be used to guide the actions of other departments in the company. As an example, we can assume that the marketing department through marketing research can establish that consumers want a new kind of product or a new use of the already known product. Based on this knowledge, the marketing department will inform the research and development department on the basis of new wishes of consumers to create a prototype product / service. Then, the production department will start to produce the product, while the marketing department will focus on promotion, distribution, price and the like of the product. The company's financing section will additionally be consulted, taking into account the costs of financing the development, production and promotion of the product. Conflicts between departments can occur if the firm joins only the marketing orientation. Production may oppose the introduction, maintenance and provision of investments that may be needed to promote a new product. It is crucial to say that a company that plays on the global market must have a strategy that can be used to gain a competitive advantage. Every company needs to have a strategy for appearance on the global market in order to gain the opportunity to progress. It is crucial to create the conditions for advancing the company by choosing the right marketing strategy. This is necessary for the following reasons: - Direct the work of the company - Give an insight into the necessary expenses - Allows the company to gain a competitive advantage

scholarly journals Discovering patterns of play in netball with network motifs and association rules

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Browne ◽  
S. Morgan ◽  
J. Bahnisch ◽  
S. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Association Rules ◽  
Association Rule ◽  
Association Rule Mining ◽  
Network Motifs ◽  
Motif Analysis ◽  
Rule Mining ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Positional System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract In netball, analysis of the movement of players and the ball across different court locations can provide information about trends otherwise hidden. This study aimed to develop a method to discover latent passing patterns in women’s netball. Data for both pass location and playing position were collected from centre passes during selected games in the 2016 Trans-Tasman Netball Championship season and 2017 Australian National Netball League. A motif analysis was used to characterise passing-sequence observations. This revealed that the most frequent, sequential passing style from a centre pass was the “ABCD” motif in an alphabetical system, or in a positional system “Centre–Goal Attack–Wing Attack–Goal Shooter” and rarely was the ball passed back to the player it was received from. An association rule mining was used to identify frequent ball movement sequences from a centre pass play. The most confident rule flowed down the right-hand side of the court, however seven of the ten most confident rules demonstrated a preference for ball movement down the left-hand side of the court. These results can offer objective insight into passing sequences, and potentially inform team strategy and tactics. This method can also be generalised to other invasion sports.

Editorial Note

1946 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-2
Keyword(s):  
Editorial Note ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Hand Column ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Infant Speech ◽  
The Right

In the article “Infant Speech Sounds and Intelligence” by Orvis C. Irwin and Han Piao Chen, in the December 1945 issue of the Journal, the paragraph which begins at the bottom of the left hand column on page 295 should have been placed immediately below the first paragraph at the top of the right hand column on page 296. To the authors we express our sincere apologies.

Is the Future the Right Time?

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Ouellet ◽  
Julio Santiago ◽  
Ziv Israeli ◽  
Shai Gabay
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Task ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Temporal Reference ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Reading Direction ◽  
Mental Time Line ◽  
The Right

Spanish and English speakers tend to conceptualize time as running from left to right along a mental line. Previous research suggests that this representational strategy arises from the participants’ exposure to a left-to-right writing system. However, direct evidence supporting this assertion suffers from several limitations and relies only on the visual modality. This study subjected to a direct test the reading hypothesis using an auditory task. Participants from two groups (Spanish and Hebrew) differing in the directionality of their orthographic system had to discriminate temporal reference (past or future) of verbs and adverbs (referring to either past or future) auditorily presented to either the left or right ear by pressing a left or a right key. Spanish participants were faster responding to past words with the left hand and to future words with the right hand, whereas Hebrew participants showed the opposite pattern. Our results demonstrate that the left-right mapping of time is not restricted to the visual modality and that the direction of reading accounts for the preferred directionality of the mental time line. These results are discussed in the context of a possible mechanism underlying the effects of reading direction on highly abstract conceptual representations.

Application of Statutes of Limitations to Islamic Banking: The Case of Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Aishath Muneeza ◽  
Zakariya Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Limitation Of Action ◽  
Insight Into

Limitations of action designate extent of time after an event, as set by statutes of limitations, within which legal action can be initiated by a party to a transaction. No event is actionable outside the designated time as same is rendered statute-barred. This study aims to provide an insight into application and significance of Limitations Act 1950 and Limitation Ordinance 1952 to Islamic banking matters in Malaysia as well as Shariah viewpoint on the issue of limitation of action. In conducting the study, a qualitative research methodology is employed where reported Islamic banking cases from 1983 to 2018 in Malaysia were reviewed and analysed to ascertain the application of those statutes of limitations to Islamic banking. Likewise, relevant provisions of the statutes as invoked in the cases were examined to determine possible legislative conflicts between the provisions and the rule of Islamic law in governing the right and limitation of action in Islamic banking cases under the law. The reviewed cases show the extent to which statutes of limitations were invoked in Malaysian courts in determining validity of Islamic banking matters. The limitation provisions so referred to are largely sections 6(1)(a) and 21(1) Limitations Act 1953 and section 19 Limitation Ordinance 1953, which do not conflict with Shariah viewpoint on the matter. This study will prove invaluable to financial institutions and their customers alike in promoting knowledge and creating awareness over actionable event in the course of their transactions.

Seagrass amphipod assemblages in a Mediterranean marine protected area: a multiscale approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 175-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sturaro ◽  
G Lepoint ◽  
A Pérez-Perera ◽  
S Vermeulen ◽  
P Panzalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Multiscale Approach
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