The value of host and parasite identification for arripid fish

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Catalano ◽  
Kate S. Hutson ◽  
Rodney M. Ratcliff ◽  
Ian D. Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Fish Family ◽  
Previous Record ◽  
Sustainable Resource Management ◽  
Infection Parameters ◽  
Host Identification ◽  
Australian Fish ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Parasite Assemblages

Accurate identification of fishes and their parasites is fundamental to the development, management and sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture worldwide. We examined three commercially and recreationally exploited Australian arripid species (Pisces: Arripidae), namely Australian herring (Arripis georgianus), eastern Australian salmon (A. trutta) and western Australian salmon (A. truttaceus), to determine their metazoan parasite assemblages and infection parameters. We identified 49 parasite species including 35 new parasite–host records and recognised seven ambiguous parasite–host records in the literature, largely a consequence of unsubstantiated host identifications in previous studies. Morphological and molecular methods confirmed a new western extension for the range of A. trutta, ∼1000 km west of the previous record. Confusion about host identification and the range extension documented here has implications for the management of these economically important arripid species in southern Australian waters. Our examination of an endemic Australian fish family emphasises that accurate identification of fishes and their parasites is a fundamental pre-requisite for efficient and sustainable resource management.

Races and Populations of the Australian Pilchard, Sardinops neopilchardus (Steindachner)

1951 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Boundary Zone ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Cook Strait ◽  
Australian Fish ◽  
Port Jackson ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Abundance Fluctuations

The evidence of taxonomic differentiation in the Australian pilchard is reviewed. Three major groups (called races), located respectively in eastern, south-eastern, and south-western Australian waters, are distinguished by differences in growth rate. The boundary zone of the two former is near the New South Wales-Victoria bolder, but it is not certain to which of the two latter races the South Australian fish belong. The two former races are sukdivided into smaller, more or less separate stocks (populations), which are distinguished mainly by differences in mean number of vertebrae and in abundance fluctuations. There are at least two such groups in the eastern race, which meet between Port Jackson and Jervis Bay, and at least two in the south-eastern race. The pilchards of Cook Strait, New Zealand, are probably distinct from those of any Australian locality.

Genetic analysis of populations of north-western Australian fish species

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Johnson ◽  
DR Hebbert ◽  
MJ Moran
Keyword(s):  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Electrophoretic Study ◽  
Allelic Frequencies ◽  
Consistent Picture ◽  
Australian Fish ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
North Western

Allozyme variation was used to investigate the genetic structure of Lutjanus sebae, Lethrinus nebulosus, Lethrinus choerorynchus, and Epinephelus multinotatus, which are components of a multispecies fishery off north-western Australia. Samples of each species were obtained from five or six localities, over a total distance of 1400-2080 km. Allelic variation was found at 13-16 loci in each species. The consistent picture to emerge was one of little genetic subdivision in all four species, with average values of FST ranging from 0.003 in L. sebae to 0.012 in E. multinotatus. Although there was statistically significant variation in allelic frequencies in three of the species, there were no clear geographical groupings of populations. With the possible exception of clinal variation for aldehyde oxidase in E. multinotatus, all heterogeneity of allelic frequencies was within the range that could easily be due to within-generation effects of selection. Thus, the allozyme data are consistent with the view that there are extensive connections of populations over large distances. The electrophoretic study also confirmed that, contrary to suggestions in the literature, L. nebulosus, L. choerorynchus, and Lethrinus laticaudis are reproductively isolated species.

scholarly journals Parasite biodiversity and its determinants in coastal marine teleost fishes of Brazil

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. LUQUE ◽  
D. MOUILLOT ◽  
R. POULIN
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Taxonomic Distinctness ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Species Richness ◽  
Parasite Biodiversity ◽  
Parasite Assemblages

Recent studies of the forces behind the diversification of parasite assemblages have shed light on many aspects of parasite biodiversity. By using only parasite species richness as their measure of diversity, however, previous investigations have ignored the relatedness among parasite species and the taxonomic structure of the assemblages, which contain much information about their evolutionary origins. Here, we performed a comparative analysis across 50 species of fish from the coast of Brazil; we evaluated the effects of several host traits (body size, social behaviour, feeding habits, preference for benthicvs. pelagic habitats, depth range, and ability to enter brackish waters) on the diversity of their assemblages of metazoan parasites. As measures of diversity, we used parasite species richness, as well as the average taxonomic distinctness of the assemblage and its variance; the latter measures are based on the average taxonomic distance between any two parasite species in an assemblage. Unlike parasite species richness, taxonomic distinctness was unaffected by the number of host individuals examined per species. Fish body length proved to be the main predictor of parasite species richness, even when controlling for the confounding influences of host phylogeny and sampling effort, although it did not correlate with measures of parasite taxonomic distinctness. Predatory fish also had higher parasite species richness than planktivores, but this trend could not be confirmed using phylogenetically independent contrasts between host taxa. The main host feature associated with the taxonomic diversity of parasites was schooling behaviour, with schooling fish having more taxonomically diverse parasite assemblages than those of their non-schooling relatives. When focusing on endoparasite species only, both predatory feeding habits and a broad depth range were associated with the taxonomic distinctness of parasites. Our results suggest that certain host traits (i.e. body size) determine how many parasite species a host can accumulate over evolutionary time, whereas different host features influence the processes causing the taxonomic diversification of parasite assemblages.

Interpretation of the Scales of the Yellow-Eye Mullet, Aldrichetta forsteri (Cuvier & Valenciennes) (Mugilidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
JM Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Flank Region ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Mesh Selection ◽  
Australian Fish ◽  
Line Relationship ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Posterior Sector

The yellow-eye mullet scale is of the typical percomorph type, feebly ctenoid in most cases, but cycloid in the mid-flank region, which provides the best scale for age and growth determinations. The annual "break" is more obvious in the posterior sector than in the anterior. Above a length of 5 cm (length to caudal fork) there is a straight-line relationship between increments in dimensions of scale and increments in length of the fish. The scales of Victorian and Tasmanian fish are smaller than those of Western Australian fish, which is in accord with the rather larger number of scales in eastern fish. The annual "breaks" become apparent in spring when growth recommences after the winter cessation. As western fish are winter spawners and eastern fish summer spawners, the age and size attained at the time of formation of tho annuli differs in the two stocks. Females grow faster than males. Lengths (cm) attained each winter average as follows: Year I II III IV V VI VII Western fish 11 18-19 24-25 29-32 32-35 38 39 Eastern fish 5 12-13 19-21 24-27 30 The Petersen method of modal progression gives rather higher readings in the first and second years, probably as a result of mesh selection.

How have fisheries affected parasite communities?

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHELSEA L. WOOD ◽  
KEVIN D. LAFFERTY
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Parasite Diversity ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Parasite Assemblages

SUMMARYTo understand how fisheries affect parasites, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies that contrasted parasite assemblages in fished and unfished areas. Parasite diversity was lower in hosts from fished areas. Larger hosts had a greater abundance of parasites, suggesting that fishing might reduce the abundance of parasites by selectively removing the largest, most heavily parasitized individuals. After controlling for size, the effect of fishing on parasite abundance varied according to whether the host was fished and the parasite's life cycle. Parasites of unfished hosts were more likely to increase in abundance in response to fishing than were parasites of fished hosts, possibly due to compensatory increases in the abundance of unfished hosts. While complex life cycle parasites tended to decline in abundance in response to fishing, directly transmitted parasites tended to increase. Among complex life cycle parasites, those with fished hosts tended to decline in abundance in response to fishing, while those with unfished hosts tended to increase. However, among directly transmitted parasites, responses did not differ between parasites with and without fished hosts. This work suggests that parasite assemblages are likely to change substantially in composition in increasingly fished ecosystems, and that parasite life history and fishing status of the host are important in predicting the response of individual parasite species or groups to fishing.

scholarly journals Latitudinal gradient in the taxonomic composition of parasite communities

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Poulin ◽  
T.L.F Leung
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Latitudinal Variation ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Helminth Communities ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
Parasite Assemblages

AbstractAlthough latitudinal gradients in diversity have been well studied, latitudinal variation in the taxonomic composition of communities has received less attention. Here, we use a large dataset including 950 surveys of helminth endoparasite communities in 650 species of vertebrate hosts to test for latitudinal changes in the relative contributions of trematodes, cestodes, nematodes and acanthocephalans to parasite assemblages. Although the species richness of helminth communities showed no consistent latitudinal variation, their taxonomic composition varied as a function of both host type and latitude. First, trematodes and acanthocephalans accounted for a higher proportion of species in helminth communities of fish, whereas nematodes achieved a higher proportion of the species in communities of bird and especially mammal hosts. Second, the proportion of trematodes in helminth communities of birds and mammals increased toward higher latitudes. Finally, the proportion of nematodes per community increased toward lower latitudes regardless of the type of host. We present tentative explanations for these patterns, and argue that new insights in parasite community ecology can be gained by searching for latitudinal gradients not only in parasite species richness, but also in the taxonomic composition of parasite assemblages.

Order in ectoparasite communities of marine fish is explained by epidemiological processes

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (7) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. MORAND ◽  
K. ROHDE ◽  
C. HAYWARD
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parasite Assemblages

Two kinds of community structure referred to, nestedness and bimodal distribution, have been observed or were searched for in parasite communities. We investigate here the relation between these two kinds of organisation, using marine fishes as a model, in order to show that parasite population dynamics may parsimoniously explain the patterns of ectoparasite species distribution and abundance. Thirty six assemblages of metazoan ectoparasites on the gills and heads of marine fish showed the following patterns: a positive relationship between abundance and the variance of abundance; a positive relationship between abundance and prevalence of infection; a bimodal pattern of the frequency distribution of prevalence of infection; nestedness as indicated by Atmar and Patterson's thermodynamic measure (a mean of 7.9°C); a unimodal distribution of prevalence in parasite assemblages with a temperature lower than the mean, and a bimodal distribution in assemblages with a temperature higher than the mean. We conclude that patterns are the result of characteristics of the parasite species themselves and that interspecific competition is not necessary to explain them. We emphasize that a holistic approach, taking all evidence jointly into account, is necessary to explain patterns of community structure. Ectoparasite assemblages of marine fish are among the animal groups that have been most thoroughly examined using many different methods, and all evidence supports the view that these animals live under non-equilibrium conditions, in largely non-saturated niche space in which interspecific competition occurs but is of little evolutionary importance.

scholarly journals Checklist of the parasites of European eel Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (Anguillidae) in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Dzido ◽  
Leszek Rolbiecki ◽  
Joanna Izdebska ◽  
Rafał Bednarek
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
European Eel ◽  
New Host ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Acanthocephalus Lucii ◽  
Infection Parameters ◽  
New Host Records ◽  
Raphidascaris Acus

The present paper lists all parasite species of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758), recorded in Poland, in both its saltwater and freshwater habitats. The list has been drawn up, based on data acquired since 1844. The majority of included parasite species are presented with fish infection parameters together with data on their developmental stages and occupied microhabitats, localities and dates of collection of the eels themselves. The database includes 62 parasite taxa (including 50 species, nine identified to the genus level and three to higher taxa), representing at least 47 genera and 39 families. The most frequently-noted parasites of the European eel are the cestode Bothriocephalus claviceps, the nematodes Anguillicoloides crassus, Camallanus lacustris and Raphidascaris acus and the acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus lucii. Four alien species have been noted from this host: A. crassus, the monogeneans Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae and Pseudodactylogyrus bini and the acanthocephalan Paratenuisentis ambiguus. The present list includes both new host records and earlier records not included in previous lists of parasites of eels.

Review of the Australian fish family Arripididae (Percomorpha), with the description of a new species

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Paulin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Gill Arch ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Fish Family ◽  
Lord Howe Island ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Norfolk Island ◽  
Australian Fish

The family Arripididae contains one genus, Arripis Jenyns, with four species endemic to areas within temperate Australian and New Zealand waters. A. georgianus (Valenciennes), found throughout cool temperate Australia, is identified by having more than 27 rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch. A. truttaceus (Cuvier), found in Western and South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania, has fewer than 17 rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch. A. trutta (Bloch & Schneider), found in eastern Australia, Victoria, Tasmania and New Zealand, has 20-24 rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch and a small caudal fin whose length is equal to or less than the length of the head. A. xylabion sp, nov., found in northern New Zealand, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and the Kermadec Islands, is identified by having 20-25 rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch and a large caudal fin whose length is longer than that of the head. A neotype is designated for A. trutta.

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