Trophic importance of a temperate intertidal wetland to resident and itinerant taxa: evidence from multiple stable isotope analyses

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debashish Mazumder ◽  
Neil Saintilan ◽  
Robert J. Williams ◽  
Ron Szymczak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Estuarine Ecosystem ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Crab Larvae ◽  
Sporobolus Virginicus ◽  
Feeding Habitat ◽  
Saltmarsh Wetland

Juveniles of commercially important fish species congregate in shallow vegetated estuarine habitats during high tides. Considerable debate has centred on whether the significance of these habitats lies in their provision of greater feeding opportunities, or shelter from predation afforded by greater structural complexity. We tested the hypothesis that an inundated mangrove and saltmarsh wetland provided feeding opportunities for itinerant species, and that the contribution of wetland primary producers and grazing herbivores could be identified in their diet, using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. Potential sources of dietary carbon included mangrove, saltmarsh, seagrass, seagrass epiphytic material and benthic organic material. Saltmarsh plants (mostly Sporobolus virginicus and Juncus kraussii) and fine benthic organic material appeared to be the primary sources of dietary carbon for the resident grazing herbivores in the wetlands, based on IsoSource mixing models. During high tide, species of itinerant fish enter the mangrove and, when inundated, the saltmarsh, and feed primarily on crab larvae and copepods. Fine benthic organic matter, seagrass epiphyte, and C3 and C4 plant materials also supplement the diet of some fish. The crab larvae therefore provide a significant source of nutrition and an important link between the intertidal wetlands and the adjacent estuarine ecosystem. The carnivorous fish Acanthopagrus australis, at the highest trophic level, hunted within or adjacent to the mangrove–saltmarsh wetland and fed on several lower-order consumers within the wetland. The present study highlights the significance of mangrove and saltmarsh wetlands as a feeding habitat for resident grazers and itinerant nekton.

Abundance and distribution of South Australia's endemic sea star, Parvulastra parvivipara (Asteroidea: Asterinidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana M. Roediger ◽  
Toby F. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
High Tide ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Tide Pool ◽  
Sea Star ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
Ecological Variables ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Parvulastra parvivipara is one of the smallest sea stars. It is restricted to tide pools on seven granite platforms within 200 km of coastline on the Eyre Peninsula of South Australia. This species exhibits intragonadal brooding and cannibalism of offspring, and gives birth to non-dispersive juveniles. Its distribution is variable, with specimens occupying few of the many seemingly similar tide pools at each site at differing densities. The abundance and distribution of P. parvivipara were examined in relation to twelve ecological variables of tide pools at all known mainland sites. An estimate of overall population size was also made. Multiple regression analyses showed that the abundance of P. parvivipara was negatively associated with wave-exposure and positively associated with the structural complexity of tide pools. A multiple logistic regression also indicated that the presence of sea stars (distribution) was more likely in structurally complex tide pools with low wave-exposure. Additionally, increasing elevation of a tide pool relative to the high-tide margin within the intertidal zone reduced the likelihood of finding sea stars. It is suggested that the variable abundance and distribution of P. parvivipara may be driven by broad scale ecological variables (e.g. complexity and wave-exposure), localised population extinctions (within tide pools) and recolonisation of tide pools via transportation of individuals across the rock platforms by wave-energy. It is also suggested that strikingly high abundances of P. parvivipara in some tide pools are likely to result from the reproductive mode of this species where each hermaphroditic individual gives birth to cohorts of up to twenty non-dispersive juveniles.

scholarly journals Grouping of Meroplankton Habitat in Jakarta Bay and Seribu Island

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reny Puspasari ◽  
Aisyah Aisyah
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Nursery Ground ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Estuarine Ecosystem ◽  
Crab Larvae

<p>Jakarta Bay is an estuarine ecosystem and facing the small island groups of Seribu Island.  Jakarta Bay is known as nursery ground for many marine biotas, determined by numerous numbers of meroplankton. The distributions of meroplankton are highly influence by environmental conditions of Jakarta Bay and Seribu Islands.  This research objective was to analyze the habitat preferences of some meroplankton groups such as shrimp, mollusk, crab and fish larvae in Jakarta Bay and Southern Seribu Islands. Fish larvae sampling was conducted in 13 stations that categorized into estuarine and small island stations in Jakarta Bay and Southern Seribu Island, combination of seven estuarine stations and six small island stations. The results found that there was a variation on the distribution and composition of meroplankton in sampling area.  There were six groups of marine meroplankton, namely shrimps, mollusk, crabs, fish, jelly fish and squid larvae in Jakarta Bay and Seribu Island. The abundance of shrimp, mollusk and fish larvae is higher in April than August. The abundance of crab larvae is higher in August than April, while the others are found in small number both in April and August.  Shrimps, fish and mollusks larvae have no specific preferences in habitat used, however they mostly used small island stations as their habitat compare to estuary, which has high temperature and salinity <br /><br /></p>

Comparison of the Visual Capabilities of an Amphibious and an Aquatic Goby That Inhabit Tidal Mudflats

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomo Takiyama ◽  
Sawako Hamasaki ◽  
Masayuki Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Orienting Behavior ◽  
Direction Control ◽  
High Acuity ◽  
Feeding Habitat ◽  
Acanthogobius Flavimanus ◽  
A Minor

The mudskipper Periophthalmus modestus and the yellowfin goby Acanthogobius flavimanus are gobiid teleosts that both inhabit the intertidal mudflats in estuaries. While P. modestus has an amphibious lifestyle and forages on the exposed mudflat during low tide, the aquatic A. flavimanus can be found at the same mudflat at high tide. This study primarily aimed to elucidate the differential adaptations of these organisms to their respective habitats by comparing visual capacities and motor control in orienting behavior during prey capture. Analyses of retinal ganglion cell topography demonstrated that both species possess an area in the dorsotemporal region of the retina, indicating high acuity in the lower frontal visual field. Additionally, P. modestus has a minor area in the nasal portion of the retina near the optic disc. The horizontally extended specialized area in P. modestus possibly reflects the need for optimized horizontal sight on the exposed mudflat. Behavioral experiments to determine postural and eye direction control when orienting toward the object of interest revealed that these species direct their visual axes to the target situated below eye level just before a rapid approach toward it. A characteristic feature of the orienting behavior of P. modestus was that they aimed at the target by using the specialized retinal area by rotating the eye and lifting the head before jumping to attack the target located above eye level. This behavior could be an adaptation to a terrestrial feeding habitat in which buoyancy is irrelevant. This study provides insights into the adaptive mechanisms of gobiid species and the evolutionary changes enabling them to forage on land.

Conformation of eukaryotic ribosomal RNAs

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
G. Thornton ◽  
G. Oostergetel ◽  
J.F. Hainfeld ◽  
J.S. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Partially Unfolded

Understanding the structural complexity of ribosomes and their role in protein synthesis requires knowledge of the conformation of their components - rRNAs and proteins. Application of dedicated scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), electrical discharge of the support carbon film in an atmosphere of pure nitrogen, and determination of the molecular weight of individual rRNAs enabled us to obtain high resolution electron microscopic images of unstained freeze-dried rRNA molecules from BHK cells in a form suitable for evaluation of their 3-D structure. Preliminary values for the molecular weight of 28S RNA from the large and 18S RNA from the small ribosomal subunits as obtained by mass measurement were 1.84 x 106 and 0.97 x 106, respectively. Conformation of rRNAs consists, in general, of alternating segments of intramolecular hairpin stems and single stranded loops in a proportion which depends on their ionic environment, the Mg++ concentration in particular. Molecules of 28S RNA (Fig. 1) and 18S RNA (not shown) obtained by freeze-drying from a solution of 60 mM NH+4 acetate and 2 mM Mg++ acetate, pH 7, appear as partially unfolded coils with compact cores suggesting a high degree of ordered secondary structure.

Observations of Frozen-Hydrated Microtubules

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
D. Chrétien ◽  
D. Job ◽  
R.H. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Phase Behaviour ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Surface Lattice ◽  
Cilia And Flagella ◽  
Outstanding Question

Microtubules are filamentary structures found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, where, together with actin and intermediate filaments, they form the components of the cytoskeleton. They have many functions and show various levels of structural complexity as witnessed by the singlet, doublet and triplet structures involved in the architecture of centrioles, basal bodies, cilia and flagella. The accepted microtubule model consists of a 25 nm diameter hollow tube with a wall made up of 13 paraxial protofilaments (pf). Each pf is a string of aligned tubulin dimers. Some results have suggested that the pfs follow a superhelix. To understand how microtubules function in the cell an accurate model of the surface lattice is one of the requirements. For example the 9x2 architecture of the axoneme will depend on the organisation of its component microtubules. We should also note that microtubules with different numbers of pfs have been observed in thin sections of cellular and of in-vitro material. An outstanding question is how does the surface lattice adjust to these different pf numbers?We have been using cryo-electron microscopy of frozen-hydrated samples to study in-vitro assembled microtubules. The experimental conditions are described in detail in this reference. The results obtained in conjunction with thin sections of similar specimens and with axoneme outer doublet fragments have already allowed us to characterise the image contrast of 13, 14 and 15 pf microtubules on the basis of the measured image widths, of the the image contrast symmetry and of the amplitude and phase behaviour along the equator in the computed Fourier transforms. The contrast variations along individual microtubule images can be interpreted in terms of the geometry of the microtubule surface lattice. We can extend these results and make some reasonable predictions about the probable surface lattices in the case of other pf numbers, see Table 1. Figure 1 shows observed images with which these predictions can be compared.

Structural Aspects of Phonological Development

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Pollock ◽  
Richard G. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Structural Position ◽  
Phonological Disorders ◽  
Syllabic Structure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structural Aspects ◽  
Target Words

The relationship between syllabic structure and segmental development was examined longitudinally in a child with a severe phonological disorder. Six speech samples were collected over a 4-year period (3:5 to 7:3). Analyses revealed gradual increases in the complexity and diversity of the syllable structures produced, and positional preferences for sounds within these forms. With a strong preference for [d] and [n] at the beginning of syllables, other consonants appeared first at the end of syllables. Implications for clinical management of phonological disorders include the need to consider both structural position and structural complexity in assessing segmental skills and in choosing target words for intervention.

Biological treatment for removal of organic material and ammonium from leachate at low temperatures

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-492
Author(s):  
Rittia H. Kettunen ◽  
Pertti Keskitalo ◽  
Taina H. Hoilijoki ◽  
Jukka A. Rintala
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Biological Treatment

Fruit and berry raw materials is a promising source of food ingredients for flour confectionery.

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
L.N. Fedyanina ◽  
◽  
E.S. Smertina ◽  
V.A. Lyakh ◽  
A.E. Elizarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Promising Source

The article considers the problem of improving the range of confectionery from the standpoint of use plant materials of satisfaction by consumer demand in dieteticpreventive foods. The analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature on promising directions of improving the range of dietetic-preventive confectionery is given. It is noted that in the recipes for flour confectionery introduced from non-traditional raw materials containing dietary fiber.

Pengolahan Limbah Domba Menjadi Bokashi di Desa Arjowilangun, Kecamatan Kalipare Kabupaten Malang

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moch Agus Choiron ◽  
Siti Azizah ◽  
Nafisah Arina Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Previous Discussion ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Village People ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes

Arjowilangun Village is a post-TKI village. People choose to become sheep farmers with less capital than being cattle farmers. Based on the previous discussion, waste management is required to ensure the sustainability of environment in Arjowilangun Village. Processing sheep and agricultural waste program is held by Doktor Mengabdi team. Farmers can learn how to make Bokashi from waste. The method used is composting aerobic or anaerobic starters for composting organic material. A decomposer as collection of several good microbes from fungi work to control pathogenic microbes assists the fermentation process. Based on the results of the pre-test and post-test during the training, it can be showed that understanding of the breeders' potential of the environment is increased.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document