Growth and reproductive biology of tarwhine Rhabdosargus sarba (Sparidae) in eastern Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian M. Hughes ◽  
John Stewart ◽  
Benjamin W. Kendall ◽  
Charles A. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The World ◽  
Rate Maximum ◽  
Marginal Increment

The growth and reproductive biology of the commercially and recreationally important sparid fish, tarwhine (Rhabdosargus sarba), was examined from the coastal waters of New South Wales (NSW), south-eastern Australia. Previous research on this species in other parts of the world has yielded conflicting results concerning its growth and reproductive biology. Age estimates were made by counting opaque zones in otolith sections. The method was validated by marking the otoliths of captive fish with alizarin complexone, and also by marginal increment analyses using otoliths from wild-caught fish. Both sexes grew at a similar rate. Von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were: L∞ = 26.40 ± 0.40 cm fork length (FL), k = 0.39 ± 0.02 year–1 and to = –0.56 ± 0.09 years. The maximum estimated age was 16.5 years. Spawning occurred from May to August with a peak in July. Both sexes matured at a similar size (L50 = 19.44 ± 0.15 cm FL), which was larger than the current minimum legal length in NSW. Ovotestes were identified in adult tarwhine and were confirmed by histological analyses. Results of this study provided evidence that tarwhine are likely to be rudimentary hermaphrodites in eastern Australia and are more similar in growth rate, maximum size/age, and reproductive biology to tarwhine from Western Australia than those from other parts of the world.

The Newmont drill‐hole EMP system—Examples from eastern Australia

Geophysics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 949-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Boyd ◽  
C. J. Wiles
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Electromagnetic Pulse ◽  
New South ◽  
Drill Hole ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The World ◽  
Location Depth

Surface and drill‐hole EMP (ElectroMagnetic Pulse) surveys are routinely carried out by Newmont in various countries around the world. Results from drill hole EMP surveys on three base metal deposits in New South Wales are presented and discussed. Interpretation of the EMP data is aided by computer modeling of the results to determine location, depth, strike, dip, and quality of conductors. Computer models for all three deposits give excellent agreement with geology and drill intersections.

Nivicolous myxomycetes from alpine areas of south-eastern Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Stephenson ◽  
John D. L. Shadwick
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Nivicolous myxomycetes were collected from alpine areas of south-eastern Australia during the period of middle to late October 2004. Most collections came from the high-elevation area around Mount Kosciuszko, the highest peak on the continent at 2228 m, in the Snowy Mountains of New South Wales, and additional collections were obtained from two areas, Mount Buller and Mount Hotham, in the Victorian Alps of northern Victoria. Approximately 300 collections were obtained during a period of 2 weeks, including species such as Diderma alpinum, Didymium dubium, Lamproderma ovoideum, Physarum albescens and P. alpinum, not previously known to occur in mainland Australia. Lamproderma maculatum and L. zonatum were collected for the first time in the southern hemisphere, and another species of Lamproderma was described as new to science in a previous paper. In contrast to most other areas of the world where nivicolous myxomycetes have been studied, species of Diderma have been represented poorly among the collections from Australia.

Reproductive biology of blue mackerel, Scomber australasicus, off southern and eastern Australia: suitability of the Daily Egg Production Method for stock assessment

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Rogers ◽  
T. M. Ward ◽  
L. J. McLeay ◽  
M. Lowry ◽  
R. J. Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Batch Size ◽  
Batch Fecundity ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Mature Fish

The present study investigated the reproductive biology of blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus) off southern and eastern Australia and assessed the suitability of the Daily Egg Production Method (DEPM) for future stock assessment. This analysis revealed that S. australasicus is a serial spawner with asynchronous oocyte development and indeterminate fecundity. S. australasicus spawns between November and April off southern Australia and between July and October off eastern Australia. In southern Australia, ~50% of males and females were mature at 236.5 and 286.8 mm fork length (FL), respectively. Size at ~50% maturity could not be estimated reliably for eastern Australia owing to the smaller proportion of mature fish in samples. Mean spawning frequencies ranged from 2 to 11 days off southern Australia. Batch fecundity was related to fish size and mean batch size was 69 894 ± 4361 oocytes per batch and 134 oocytes per g of weight. The timing and duration of the spawning season, size at maturity, spawning frequency and batch fecundity of S. australasicus off southern Australia were consistent with those of S. japonicus in the northern Pacific Ocean. The present study’s estimates of adult reproductive parameters of S. australasicus off southern Australia were suitable for the application of the DEPM for estimating spawning biomass. Collecting representative samples of mature fish from waters off eastern Australia during the spawning season is a high priority for future stock assessment of this species.

A multifaceted approach to modelling growth of the Australian bonito, Sarda australis (Family Scombridae), with some observations on its reproductive biology

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stewart ◽  
W. D. Robbins ◽  
K. Rowling ◽  
A. Hegarty ◽  
A. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Fork Length ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Austral Spring ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Growth Functions ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Rate Maximum ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Size At Age

Growth of the Australian bonito, Sarda australis, is described for the first time using data from three different sources. Von Bertalanffy growth functions were fitted to: (1) size-at-age data derived from sectioned sagittal otoliths, (2) monthly length–frequency collections from a commercial line fishery, and (3) tag–recapture data from a long-term cooperative tagging study. Age estimates of S. australis were indirectly validated by examining the percentage of otoliths with opaque edges each month. The best-fitting growth functions for each data source yielded similar results, showing strong seasonal variations in growth rate. Maximum growth occurred during summer, with near cessation of growth apparent during winter. Early growth was very fast, with fish attaining ~30 cm fork length (FL) after 3–4 months. Growth of males and females was not significantly different. The oldest fish sampled was estimated to be 3+ years old, while the largest fish aged was 63.8 cm FL. Gonadosomatic indices indicated that S. australis has an austral spring/summer spawning period in eastern Australia. A preliminary estimate of the size at first sexual maturity was ~36 cm FL for both males and females, corresponding to an age of ~1 year.

Validation of age and growth estimates using thin otolith sections from the purple wrasse, Notolabrus fucicola

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme P. Ewing ◽  
Dirk C. Welsford ◽  
Alan R. Jordan ◽  
Colin Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Fork Length ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Von Bertalanffy Growth Function ◽  
Increment Formation ◽  
Marginal Increment ◽  
Growth Zones ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
The Relationship

The age of Notolabrus fucicola from the east and southeast coasts of Tasmania was estimated from counts of opaque (transmitted light) growth zones in thin transverse sections of sagittal otoliths. The position of the first annulus was validated through the otolith radii of known-age juveniles. Marginal increment analysis was performed by examining the growing edge of otoliths over 2 years. This showed that opaque zones were formed annually and were consistently deposited from late September to early December (spring season), which is coincident with annual increases in somatic growth and water temperature during this season. A criterion was developed to ensure accurate age estimation for individuals sampled during the time of year when deposition of opaque material was incomplete or not apparent. The maximum age estimated was 20 years and the relationship between fork length and age was described by the von Bertalanffy growth function (L∞ = 368 mm, K = 0.116 and t0 = –1.87 for males and L∞ = 385.7 mm, K = 0.109 and t0 = –1.96 for females). The clarity of increment structure and rigorous validation protocol that was adopted minimised the risks associated with using marginal increment analysis to validate the periodicity of increment formation and it provided robust age and growth estimates for N. fucicola in Tasmanian waters.

Man and Bear in Europe

Antiquity ◽  
1942 ◽  
Vol 16 (62) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Matheson
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Cave Bear ◽  
Clear Association ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The World

The faunal environment of man, as is well known, has profoundly affected his mental as well as his physical life. The Altamira and other animal-drawings made by Palaeolithic man, whether regarded as disinterested efforts at pure art or as magical symbols intended to ensure success in the chase, are sufficient evidence of the extent to which the cave bear, the bison, the mammoth, and other great beasts figured in the minds of their human contemporaries. Professor Othenio Abel considers that Mousterian man associated certain cult-conceptions with the bears he had killed, and kindred ideas are still found in remote parts of the world. Finds of actual bear remains in more or less clear association with human remains or artifacts are of course numerous. Confining ourselves to Great Britain, bones attributed to Ursus spelaeus were ‘ very common ’ at Paviland cave, Glamorgan, which yielded also artifacts covering the period from Mousterian to the end of Aurignacian times. Cat’s Hole, Long Hole, and Hoyle’s Mouth, all in South Wales ; Kent’s cavern in Devonshire ; King Arthur’s cave in the Wye valley ; Aveline’s Hole, Gough’s cave, and Wookey Hole in the Mendips ; Ffynnon Beuno cave in the vale of Clwyd ; the Victoria cave in Yorkshire ; Creswell Crags and Langwith cave in Derbyshire ; are other sites which have yielded both remains of bear and human artifacts of various periods.

Grain protein responses to nitrogen applied to wheat growing on a red earth

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Angus ◽  
RA Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

Dryland wheat was fertilized with ammonium nitrate or liquid urea-ammonium nitrate at the time of sowing or about 3 months later (generally at the terminal-spikelet stage) on a well-drained site near Harden on the south-west slopes of New South Wales. The experiments continued from the second to the fifth year (1981-1984) of the cropping phase of a crop-pasture rotation. The maximum agronomic efficiencies for yield in the four consecutive years were 19, 4, 23 and 25 kg grain per kg of applied nitrogen (N). The three large responses were obtained in wetter than average seasons and the small response was obtained during drought. In the last three years of the study the yield response to nitrogen at the terminal-spikelet stage was found to be close to but slightly less than that for N applied at sowing. In those years the agronomic efficiencies for the late-applied N were 0, 22 and 22. The apparent recovery of fertilizer N in the above-ground parts of the crop at maturity was up to 70% of the fertilizer applied in the year of sowing, and, after the drought during which there was little uptake of fertilizer N, up to 62% by the subsequent crop. The fertilizer efficiencies in the non-drought years were higher than generally reported in south-eastern Australia, and indicate potential for profitable delayed application of N fertilizer to wheat. Grain-protein responses were variable from year to year and are discussed against a simple theoretical background of the amount of N applied and grain-yield response.

Evidence of High Sea Level during Isotope Stage 5c in Queensland, Australia

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Pickett ◽  
C. H. Thompson ◽  
R. A. Kelley ◽  
D. Roman
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
New South ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Maximum Period ◽  
High Dune

Thirty-nine species of scleractinian corals have been recovered from under a high dune on the western (mainland) side of North Stradbroke Island, eastern Australia. The corals are associated with thin intertidal sediments and their good condition implies burial in situ and preservation in a saturated zone. Most likely this occurred as the coast prograded and a large dune advanced into the littoral zone, burying intertidal sediments and coral. The species assemblage indicates a sheltered environment but one open to the ocean without wide fluctuations in salinity. Three species yielded a mean 230Th/234U age of 105,000 yr B.P. which is significantly younger than the nearest Pleistocene corals at Evans Head, New South Wales. The corals provide evidence of a sea stand near present sea level during isotope Stage 5c, which is considerably higher than previously suggested for this period. Their good condition implies that the overlying parabolic dune is of comparable age and formed during that high stand of sea level. Also, the isotope age provides a maximum period for the development of giant podzols in the podzol chronosequences on coastal dunes in southern Queensland.

scholarly journals Population structure and reproductive biology of Metamysidopsis neritica (Crustacea: Mysidacea) in a sand beach in south Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Calil ◽  
Carlos A. Borzone
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Egg Volume ◽  
Sand Beach ◽  
The World ◽  
Egg Number ◽  
South Brazil

Mysidacea are common sublittoral crustaceans that inhabit all coasts in the world. In this study, the population characteristics and the reproductive biology of Metamysidopsis neritica Bond-Buckup & Tavares, 1992 were studied in the surf zone of a south Brazilian beach (Atami). Mysids were sampled at monthly intervals from August, 1999 to July, 2000 (total of 29,490 individuals). Individuals were classified into six population categories. The highest abundance occurred in May (8,665) and August (6,415), and lowest in September (336) and December (368). Three main generations were identified, namely the summer, fall and winter generations. The winter generation was the longest (four to five months). The fall generation lasted four months, and the summer one extended from three to four months. Ovigerous females occurred throughout the year, with a greater proportion in July. The number of eggs or larvae varied from one to 16. Weak associations were found between female length and egg number, egg volume, and the number of larvae with and without eyes. Egg volume increased during the coldest season, whereas the smallest values were recorded during summer. These results suggest a possible direct relationship between egg volume and generation longevity.

scholarly journals Age and growth estimation of bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus (Teleostei: Scombridae) in the southwestern Atlantic

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Duarte-Neto ◽  
Fábio M. Higa ◽  
Rosangela P. Lessa
Keyword(s):  
Fork Length ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Data Uncertainty ◽  
Bigeye Tuna ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Thunnus Obesus ◽  
Marginal Increment ◽  
Back Calculation ◽  
Growth Estimation ◽  
Averaged Model

The purpose of the current study was to supply the first information on age and growth for Thunnus obesus caught in the equatorial south-western Atlantic using dorsal spines, an approach that has been successfully employed for ageing tuna species. The study was conducted using a multi-model inference based on information theory for back-calculated and observed length-at-age data. Uncertainty associated with the parameter estimation was verified and results were compared to other accounts on the species, considering both the statistical and methodological contexts. Samples were collected in Natal city (Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil) from February 1999 to January 2000, of tuna vessels and from surveys, aimed at providing information on the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the area around São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago. Validation using marginal increment indicated that one ring is deposited per year. Mean length-at-age ranged of 54.3 to 177.5 cm (fork length) for ages 1 to 9 years. Von Bertalanffy, Richards, and Gompertz models were considered suitable for the bigeye tuna. Hence, the model-averaged asymptotic length ¯L∞ was estimated. The averaged model generated in the present study by back-calculation was considered appropriate for describing the growth of T. obesus.

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