Effects of genetic and environmental factors on growth of southern calamary, Sepioteuthis australis, from southern Australia and northern New Zealand

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianos Triantafillos
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Mantle Length ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Extreme plasticity in growth is consistently found by ageing studies on squid. This study examined the contribution that genetic and environmental factors had on growth of the southern calamary, Sepioteuthis australis, from sites in southern Western Australia, South Australia and New Zealand. A total of 147 adults, comprising three sympatric genetic types (two parental taxa and one hybrid), were aged by counting microincrements in statoliths. Estimates of age ranged from 121 to 268 days and varied with mantle length, sex, genetic type and region. Males grew much faster and attained a larger size than females. Significant differences were also detected between genetic types, with the hybrids always growing faster (at least 60% larger at 150 days old) than the two parental taxa, a phenomenon commonly referred to as hybrid vigour. Spatial differences in growth were also detected, with individuals from Western Australia usually growing faster than those from South Australia and New Zealand. Possible explanations for these growth patterns are discussed.

Podospora excentrica. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
South Wales

Abstract A description is provided for Podospora excentrica. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (South America (Venezuela), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal (Madeira)), Australasia (Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia)), New Zealand, Europe (Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, UK)).

Phytoplasma australiense. [Distribution map].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Vitis Spp

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phytoplasma australiense [Candidatus] R.E. Davis et al. Bacteria: Phytoplasmas Hosts: Grapevine (Vitis spp.), pawpaw (Carica papaya) and Phormium tenax. Information is given on the geographical distribution in OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, New Zealand.

Geoglossum cookeanum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
South Australia

Abstract A description is provided for Geoglossum cookeanum. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Mexico and USA (Kentucky, Michigan, New Hampshire and Tenesse)), Asia (Georgia, India (Uttarakhand) and China (Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Yunnan)), Australasia (Australia (South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia) and New Zealand), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UK)). No reports of negative economic impacts of this fungus have been found.

Distribution of the tammar, Macropus eugenii, and the relationships of populations as determined by cranial morphometrics

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Poole ◽  
JT Wood ◽  
NG Simms
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Spanning Trees ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Subsequent Calculation

Apparently once widespread throughout dense thickets in south-western Australia, the tammar is now much restricted in its distribution. On mainland Australia, isolated populations still persist in Western Australia, but in South Australia, where there is little remaining evidence to confirm that it extended beyond Eyre Peninsula, the wallaby is probably close to extinction. All originally recorded populations on five islands in Western Australia remain, but in South Australia all natural island populations, other than those on Kangaroo I., appear to be extinct. Morphometric analyses of crania representative of most known populations provide a means of assessing their relationships. Canonical variate analysis, the derivation of Mahalanobis distances and subsequent calculation of minimum spanning trees supported the existence of affinities within three major regional groups-a group predominantly from Western Australia, a group from Kangaroo and Greenly Is, South Australia, and a group from New Zealand-all apparently related via a population from Eyre Peninsula, presumably representative of a former widespread mainland population. By cranial criteria, feral tammars established in New Zealand are South Australian in origin although probably not introduced from Kangaroo I.

Maternal strategies of the New Zealand fur seal: evidence for interannual variability in provisioning and pup growth strategies

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon D. Goldsworthy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Maternal Expenditure ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
New Zealand Fur Seal ◽  
Pup Growth

Maternal attendance, nursing behaviour, pup growth and weaning age were investigated in the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) at Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Foraging trips to sea increased throughout lactation (5.9–9.8 days), while the duration of shore attendance bouts (1.7 ± 0.7 days) remained unchanged, resulting in time ashore declining from 24% to 14% throughout lactation. Mothers with sons made longer foraging trips than mothers with daughters throughout lactation and, as a consequence, maternal time ashore was less for sons (21%) than for daughters (28%). Pups maintained an overall sucking-rate of 1.4 h day–1 throughout their mothers’ lactation, by sucking more frequently and for longer periods as their mother became less available. Because mothers with daughters were ashore more frequently, the overall sucking-rate of females (1.7 h day–1) was greater than that of male pups (1.1 h day–1). The growth patterns of male and female pups from two cohorts were similar, but males grew faster and weaned heavier in one of the years. Age at weaning was ~285 days (9.4 months). This study indicates some significant differences in the nature of maternal expenditure in male and female pups, and the growth strategies used by pups both within and between years.

Serum protein variation in southern fur seals, Arctocephalus spp., in relation to their taxonomy

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Shaughnessy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Protein Variation ◽  
Fur Seals

Examination of serum samples from Arctocephalus spp. from southern Australia, New Zealand, and Macquarie I. revealed six transferrin types, which were assumed to be the products of four allelic genes, and two phenotypes of a haem-binding protein. Seals from South Neptune Is., Cape du Couedic, and the Recherche Archipelago were identical on these criteria; while those from Victoria were identical with those of Tasmania. This division is consistent with previous conclusions based on skull characters. The names there suggested for these two groups were A, forsteri and A. doriferus respectively. Transferrin types of New Zealand and Macquarie I. A. forsteri were not identical with those of Australian A. forsteri. It is suggested that fur seals may have been exterminated from South Australia and Western Australia and that recolonization was from New Zealand. Alternatively, these differences may indicate the existence of more than one species in these populations.

Nature versus nurture in autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (482) ◽  
pp. eaaw7626
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Nature Versus Nurture ◽  
Neural Growth ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mri Study

Structural MRI study of twins with autism reveals both genetic and environmental factors contribute to abnormal neural growth patterns.

Changes in the abundance of New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, in Western Australia

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Gales ◽  
B. Haberley ◽  
P. Collins
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Absolute Abundance ◽  
Abundance Estimate ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Rate Of Increase

New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, have been increasing in abundance in South Australia for at least the past three decades. A survey of New Zealand fur seals during the 1989/90 breeding season determined that about 20% of the Australian population bred at 16 sites in Western Australia, amounting to 1429 pups and an absolute abundance estimate of 7100 fur seals. A further survey of all fur seal colonies in Western Australia to determine current pup production and abundance estimates, and trends in pup production since the previous survey was undertaken in January 1999. Of the 17 breeding sites now known in Western Australia, 16 were surveyed and pup production had increased at all but one. The rate of change in pup production at the one unsurveyed site (West Island), was estimated as being equivalent to the mean rate of change at other sites. The estimated mean annual, exponential rate of increase (r) for all sites was 0.09, equivalent to a 9.8% annual increase in pup production and an overall increase in pup production in Western Australia of 113.3% between surveys. Total annual pup production has increased to 3090. The estimate of absolute abundance of New Zealand fur seals in Western Australia is now 15 100, in contrast to the 7100 estimated for the 1989/90 season. Mortality of pups at the time of the survey was estimated to be at least 1.3%. It is predicted that New Zealand fur seal populations will continue to increase in Western Australia. This is likely to have important management implications regarding aquaculture and fisheries activities. The increase in fur seal populations appears to be in contrast to populations of Australian sea lions, Neophoca cinerea, for which preliminary data show no evidence for a population increase. It is unknown whether the dynamics affecting these two species are related.

Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2035 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. RAVEN
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Apical Segment ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Southeast Queensland

The newly recognised Diaprograptinae includes the Australian Diaprograpta Simon, 1909, Eupograpta gen. nov., Mituliodon Raven & Stumkat, 2003, Mitzoruga gen. nov., Nuliodon gen. nov., and the New Zealand Zealoctenus Forster & Wilton, 1973. All genera are unique in the Miturgidae s. strict. in the possession of claw tufts, and more equivocally, in the apical segment of the posterior lateral spinnerets, which in Diaprograptinae is not as strongly elongated as in Miturga. Diaprograpta includes the type species, D. striola Simon, 1909 from Western Australia, D. hirsti sp. nov. from South Australia, D. alfredgodfreyi sp. nov. from Victoria, D. peterandrewsi sp. nov. from western Queensland and D. abrahamsae sp. nov. from southeast Queensland. Eupograpta includes E. kottae sp. nov., sympatric with Diaprograpta striola and E. anhat sp. nov., from western Queensland. Mitzoruga gen. nov. is described to accommodate Uliodon marmoreus (Hogg, 1896), M. insularis sp. nov., and M. elapines sp. nov., from xeric regions of Australia. The genus presents a character combination which challenges the boundary between the Miturgidae Simon, 1886 and Zoridae F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1893. Nuliodon gen. nov. includes only N. fishburni sp. nov. from eastern Australia.

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