Social and economic perspective on recreational billfish fisheries

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Ditton ◽  
John R. Stoll
Keyword(s):  
Fishery Management ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Local And Regional Impacts ◽  
Economic Understanding

At the Second International Billfish Symposium in Kona, it was reported that little was known about the social and economic aspects of recreational billfish fisheries. There was plenty of background, some good questions, but few answers. There had been little history of social science involvement in fisheries management at the time and even less in billfish fisheries. Whether authorized or not, fishery management decisions worldwide are going to be made on the basis of ‘best available’ social and economic understanding. Unfortunately, the values held by many in the billfish angler community are not likelyto be well represented in the mix for various reasons. Research in the USA and in Latin America over the past 13 years hasprovided an understanding of the billfish angler constituency, its commitment to catch and release and support for resource conservation, its local and regional impacts on tourism economies, and its willingness-to-pay above andbeyond trip costs (a measure of user value) in the US Atlantic, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica and Mexico Pacific. Although knowledge of the recreational billfish fishery has improved, comparatively little is known about the social and economic benefits associatedwith commercial (direct and bycatch) billfish fisheries. With little more than dockside prices available in many localities, it is difficult to know their value in comparison with recreational fisheries and the possible trade-offs associated with various management measures. In addition to describing what is still not known, this paper will identify a future research agenda in this area.

scholarly journals Public Administration and Values Oriented to Sustainability: A Systematic Approach to the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2566
Author(s):  
Isabel Marques ◽  
João Leitão ◽  
Alba Carvalho ◽  
Dina Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Research Collaborations ◽  
Work Area ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The University

Values guide actions and judgements, form the basis of attitudinal and behavioral processes, and have an impact on leaders’ decision-making, contributing to more sustainable performance. Through a bibliometric study and content analysis, 2038 articles were selected from Scopus, from the period 1994–2021, presenting global research tendencies on the subject of values, public administration, and sustainability. The results indicate that Sustainability is the most productive journal, the main research category is in social sciences, the most productive institution is the University of Queensland, the location with the most publications and research collaborations is the USA, and the authors with the greatest number of articles are Chung, from Chung-Ang University; García-Sánchez, from the University of Salamanca; and Pérez, from the University of Cantabria. Analysis of keywords shows that the most relevant are “sustainability”, “CSR”, “sustainable development”, “innovation”, and “leadership”. Time analysis of keywords reveals a tendency for lines of research in the social and work area. The results also provide data about the framing of studies in sustainability pillars and the types of values referred to and indicate the main areas of public administration studied. Finally, a future research agenda is proposed.

scholarly journals Immune function during pregnancy varies between ecologically distinct populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
Carmen Hové ◽  
Benjamin C Trumble ◽  
Amy S Anderson ◽  
Jonathan Stieglitz ◽  
Hillard Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Immunological Changes ◽  
Fetal Antigens ◽  
Pathogen Exposure

Abstract Background and objectives Among placental mammals, females undergo immunological shifts during pregnancy to accommodate the fetus (i.e. fetal tolerance). Fetal tolerance has primarily been characterized within post-industrial populations experiencing evolutionarily novel conditions (e.g. reduced pathogen exposure), which may shape maternal response to fetal antigens. This study investigates how ecological conditions affect maternal immune status during pregnancy by comparing the direction and magnitude of immunological changes associated with each trimester among the Tsimane (a subsistence population subjected to high pathogen load) and women in the USA. Methodology Data from the Tsimane Health and Life History Project (N = 935) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 1395) were used to estimate population-specific effects of trimester on differential leukocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation. Results In both populations, pregnancy was associated with increased neutrophil prevalence, reduced lymphocyte and eosinophil count and elevated CRP. Compared to their US counterparts, pregnant Tsimane women exhibited elevated lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, fewer neutrophils and monocytes and lower CRP. Total leukocyte count remained high and unchanged among pregnant Tsimane women while pregnant US women exhibited substantially elevated counts, resulting in overlapping leukocyte prevalence among all third-trimester individuals. Conclusions and implications Our findings indicate that ecological conditions shape non-pregnant immune baselines and the magnitude of immunological shifts during pregnancy via developmental constraints and current trade-offs. Future research should investigate how such flexibility impacts maternal health and disease susceptibility, particularly the degree to which chronic pathogen exposure might dampen inflammatory response to fetal antigens. Lay Summary This study compares immunological changes associated with pregnancy between the Tsimane (an Amazonian subsistence population) and individuals in the USA. Results suggest that while pregnancy enhances non-specific defenses and dampens both antigen-specific immunity and parasite/allergy response, ecological conditions strongly influence immune baselines and the magnitude of shifts during gestation.

scholarly journals Farmer perspectives and experiences introducing the novel perennial grain Kernza intermediate wheatgrass in the US Midwest

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Lanker ◽  
Michael Bell ◽  
Valentin D. Picasso
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Perennial Grain

AbstractKernza® intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) is a novel perennial grain and forage crop with the potential to provide multiple ecosystem services, which recently became commercially available to farmers in the USA. The viability and further expansion of this promising crop require understanding how it may fit the needs of farmers’ livelihoods and the structure of their farming systems. However, no prior research has studied the perceptions and experiences of Kernza growers. The goals of this research were to understand why farmers grow Kernza, how Kernza fits into their systems and identify challenges for future research. We conducted in-depth interviews with ten growers in the North Central USA during the summer of 2017, who accounted for a third of the Kernza farmers in the USA at the time. All farmers had a positive attitude toward experimentation and trying new practices, and they were interested in Kernza for its simultaneous ecological and economic benefits. Kernza was marginal in terms of area, quality of fields and resources allocated in the farm systems, which also meant that farmers maintained low costs and risks. Growers utilized and valued Kernza as a dual-use crop (grain and forage), sometimes not harvesting grain but almost always grazing or harvesting hay and straw for bedding. Weeds were perceived as a challenge in some cases, but Kernza was valued as a highly weed-suppressive crop in others. Farmers requested information on optimal establishment practices, assessment of forage nutritive value, how to maintain grain yields over years, weed management, markets and economic assessment of Kernza systems. These results agree with other cases on sustainable practices adoption showing that engaging farmers in the research process from the beginning, identifying knowledge gaps and testing management alternatives are critical for the success and expansion of novel agricultural technologies.

scholarly journals Not tourism-phobia but urban-philia: understanding stakeholders’ perceptions of urban touristification

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asunción Blanco-Romero ◽  
Macià Blàzquez-Salom ◽  
Marc Morell ◽  
Robert Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
City Centres

Tourism development affects prominent city centres worldwide, causing social unrest that has been labelled “tourism-phobia.” This article problematizes the recent appearance of this term by unravelling the links between the materiality of contemporary urban tourism and the response it receives from social movements opposing its expansion. We endeavour to understand the meaning that different actors involved in the city's touristification attach to this term, and in particular the perceptions of citizens’ movements that claim to espouse not tourism-phobia but urban-philia. To analyze these dynamics, we draw on Lefebvre’s discussion of the “right to the city” to highlight the extractive productive relations characterizing the tourism industry and the contestations such relations trigger. Taking the example of two Spanish cities (Barcelona and Palma), our findings indicate that the social malaise found in tourist oversaturation is due to the disruption it causes to everyday life, including price increases and rising rents. Consequently, the discomfort popular mobilisations have generated among the ruling class has led the latter to disqualify and even criminalise the former’s legitimate claims under the label of tourism-phobia. To conclude, we call for a future research agenda in pursuit of social justice and equity around re-touristification, de-touristification or even tourist degrowth.

Understanding Social Capital Formation for Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities

2011 ◽  
pp. 136-155
Author(s):  
Shafiz A. Mohd Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Elementary Theory ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
The Social

This chapter attempts to explore the possibility of building social capital in virtual community(VC) by first introducing the phenomenon, its problems and context, types of VCs and the significance of knowledge sharing. This chapter then presents the process of social capital from a sociological standpoint where two main theories will be used—the elementary theory of social structure and the social exchange theory as the backbone of the arguments. By integrating both theories, a conceptual framework that includes six antecedents to develop social capital is provided. Subsequently, the propositions are expressed in terms of implications to the sociological approach of VC and some conclusions are made by including some future research agenda.

Application of Social Media Tools by Retailers

2014 ◽  
pp. 941-962
Author(s):  
María-del-Carmen Alarcón-del-Amo ◽  
Carlota Lorenzo-Romero ◽  
Efthymios Constantinides
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Social Media Marketing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technology Adoption Model ◽  
Social Media Tools

The chapter explores the factors influencing the adoption process and the degree of engagement of the social media as part of the online marketing strategy by Spanish retailers. A retail industry survey identifies four different segments of retailers depending on the level of implementation of social media marketing strategies. The study examines the antecedents of the social media tools' adoption process across the dimensions of a Technology Adoption Model (TAM) and assesses various other factors likely to affect the degree of the adoption. One essential conclusion is that the company size is not important but that the level of adoption social media marketing is related to the organizational maturity in the areas of management attitudes, employee empowerment, access to Internet technologies, and technological infrastructure. The study proposes a future research agenda including cross-cultural studies for better understanding the global business attitudes in this area and underlines the need for development of benchmarks and metrics necessary for better assessing the value of social media marketing.

scholarly journals Sustainability assurance practices: a systematic review and future research agenda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saddam A. Hazaea ◽  
Jinyu Zhu ◽  
Saleh F. A. Khatib ◽  
Ayman Hassan Bazhair ◽  
Ahmed A. Elamer
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Sustainability Research ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sustainability Reports ◽  
New Research

Abstract Although firms increasingly publish sustainability reports, assuring such reports is relatively new. This study reviews the literature of sustainability assurance to evaluate the intellectual development of the field and provide recommendations for future studies. It also demonstrates the role of assurance to enhance the credibility of sustainability reports and corporate reputation. This paper systematically reviews 94 papers obtained from the Scopus database between 1993 and August 2021. Our study shows that there is an increase in the number of studies published in recent years. We also found that some countries have received limited attention, such as the USA. The scant literature examining sustainability assurance in private institutions and non-profit organisations should be reinforced. Likewise, the sustainability research also provides limited evidence on the governance debate. The vast majority of research is not based on theoretical grounds. The need for assurance of sustainability reports not only enhances the reputation but also adds more value to the organisation’s planning, monitoring, and accountability. We highlight several new research suggestions that may enhance the understanding of sustainability assurance practices.

scholarly journals Hierarchies in World Politics

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Bially Mattern ◽  
Ayşe Zarakol
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hierarchical Systems ◽  
The Core ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Hierarchical Relations ◽  
Single Structure ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractHierarchy-centered approaches to IR promise to deliver what anarchy-centered approaches have not: a framework for theorizing and empirically analyzing world politics as a global system rather than just an international one. At the core of this proposition are three features of hierarchical systems as they are represented across the growing IR literature on the topic. First, the structures of differentiation at the core of hierarchical systems are deeply implicated with power. Hierarchical systems are thus intrinsically political. Second, in world politics, hierarchies stratify, rank, and organize the relations not only among states but also other kinds of actors as well, and often even a mix of different actors within a single structure of differentiation. Third, there are many different kinds of hierarchical relations in world politics, each of which generate different “logics” influencing social, moral, and behavioral outcomes. Hierarchy has been understood in the IR literature in two ways: narrowly, as a relationship of legitimate authority; and broadly, as intersubjective manifestations of organized inequality. Hierarchy operates in a variety of different ways that range from ordering solutions to deep structures. We identify three such “logics” that have been fruitfully explored in IR scholarship and that can form the basis of a future research agenda: hierarchy as an institutionalized functional bargain between actors (a logic of trade-offs); hierarchy as differentiated social and political roles shaping behavior (a logic of positionality); and hierarchy as a productive political space or structure (a logic of productivity).

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