Effects of temperature on pigmentation and duration of the puerulus stage in Panulirus japonicus metamorphosed from cultured phyllosomas, with reference to wild pueruli

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Matsuda ◽  
Taisuke Takenouchi ◽  
Takashi Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Water System ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Coastal Site ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Panulirus Japonicus ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Times ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
The Relationship

The effects of temperature on the development of Panulirus japonicus pueruli metamorphosed from laboratory-cultured phyllosomas were investigated. Fifty pueruli were cultured individually in a still-water system at nine temperatures from 16˚C to 28˚C until moulting to the first-instar juvenile. The puerulus stage was divided into five developmental phases based on changes in pigmentation. The duration of each puerulus phase depended on the temperature; Bêlehrádek’s equation, D = a(T–α)b,appropriately expressed the relationship between the duration (D) and temperature (T), where a, b, and α are constants. From the equation, the times taken at 16, 20, 24, and 28˚C to reach the first-instar juvenile after metamorphosis were estimated at 40.0, 24.1, 16.3, and 11.9 days, respectively. Field study using collectors at one coastal site in Japan showed that P. japonicus pueruli settled from May to November and that the duration of the natural puerulus stage appears to have a rather wide range depending on the seasonal variation in temperature. Most wild pueruli of this study were beyond the second phase of development when collected, so wild pueruli may spend several days offshore before settling in coastal areas.

BIOCLIMATIC STUDIES OF THE APHID PARASITE PRAON EXSOLETUM: I. EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE OF FEMALES TO VARYING HOST DENSITIES

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 728-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Messenger
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Temperature Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aphid Parasite ◽  
Response Equation ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractUsing bioclimatic chambers to provide diurnally fluctuating temperature and humidity conditions, the relationship between fecundity of females of the aphid parasite, Praon exsoletum (Nees), and different host densities, was examined over a wide range of mean temperatures. At each temperature level the number of eggs laid by females was found to vary with host density in accordance with the functional response curve (disc equation) of Holling. Superparasitism was common at all temperature levels studied, and, irrespective of host density, eggs were found laid at random with respect to hosts present. The functional response equation was thus modified so that number of hosts attacked was determined by both number of hosts present and number of eggs laid. Using this modified disc equation, the bioclimatic characteristics of parasite oviposition were examined from rhc standpoint of varying temperature levels. Oviposition was limited to mean temperatures between 8° and 29°C; near these limits the maximum number of eggs laid and the maximum number of hosts attacked were low. At medial mean temperatures (13°–24°) the number of eggs laid per parasite was high, averaging between 70 and 110 each 12-hour day. At these same medial temperatures, according to the modified disc equation, the average "handling" time per oviposition attack was shortest, and the parasite effective searching rate fastest. Averaged over a 12-hour day (this parasite does not oviposit in darkness), females of P. exsoletum were capable of laying from seven to nine eggs per hour at temperatures between 15° and 24° respectively. In all cases, the number of hosts attacked varied with numbers of eggs laid in accordance with Thompson’s superparasitism formula.

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

RELASI ISLAM DAN NASIONALISME DALAM SEJARAH BANGSA INDONESIA

ALQALAM ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Suhaimi Suhaimi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Nationalism ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
New Order ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
Colonization Period ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Governance Reforms

In line with the times demand, nationlism changes as a dynamic of dialectics proceeds with changes in social, political, and ekonomic in the country and global levels. Based on a review of historical chronology, this paper analyzed descriptively the relationship between Islam and nationalism in Indonesia. Since the early growth of nationalism and the Dutch colonization period in Indonesia, Islam became the spirit of sacrifice of lives and property of the Indonesian people's fighting to get independence and on the Japanese colonial period and the early days of independence, Islam through the muslim leaders founction as base of departure and developer awareness of nasionalism, patriotism and unity to defend the independence. Despite the authoritarian New Order ruler cope with Islam through the establishment of the Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI), but awareness of national Muslim leaders to build Indonesia managed to push governance reforms. And in this era of reform, the spirit of nationalism and the spirit of sacrifice of the Indonesian leaders increasingly eroded by corruption. Key words: proto-nationalism, political nationalism, cultural nationalism.

scholarly journals Polymorphic Iterable Sequential Effect Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-79
Author(s):  
Colin S. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic Structure ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Type Systems ◽  
Sequential Effect ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Sequential Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Categorical Semantics

Effect systems are lightweight extensions to type systems that can verify a wide range of important properties with modest developer burden. But our general understanding of effect systems is limited primarily to systems where the order of effects is irrelevant. Understanding such systems in terms of a semilattice of effects grounds understanding of the essential issues and provides guidance when designing new effect systems. By contrast, sequential effect systems—where the order of effects is important—lack an established algebraic structure on effects. We present an abstract polymorphic effect system parameterized by an effect quantale—an algebraic structure with well-defined properties that can model the effects of a range of existing sequential effect systems. We define effect quantales, derive useful properties, and show how they cleanly model a variety of known sequential effect systems. We show that for most effect quantales, there is an induced notion of iterating a sequential effect; that for systems we consider the derived iteration agrees with the manually designed iteration operators in prior work; and that this induced notion of iteration is as precise as possible when defined. We also position effect quantales with respect to work on categorical semantics for sequential effect systems, clarifying the distinctions between these systems and our own in the course of giving a thorough survey of these frameworks. Our derived iteration construct should generalize to these semantic structures, addressing limitations of that work. Finally, we consider the relationship between sequential effects and Kleene Algebras, where the latter may be used as instances of the former.

Age-Dependency of Total Tau in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Is Corrected by Amyloid-β 1–40: A Correlational Study in Healthy Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Paul Theo Zebhauser ◽  
Achim Berthele ◽  
Marie-Sophie Franz ◽  
Oliver Goldhardt ◽  
Janine Diehl-Schmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Tau Proteins ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Total Tau ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Tau proteins are established biomarkers of neuroaxonal damage in a wide range of neurodegenerative conditions. Although measurement of total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid is widely used in research and clinical settings, the relationship between age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid is yet to be fully understood. While past studies reported a correlation between age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy adults, in clinical practice the same cut-off value is used independently of patient’s age. Objective: To further explore the relationship between age and total-Tau and to disentangle neurodegenerative from drainage-dependent effects. Methods: We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid samples of 76 carefully selected cognitively healthy adults and included amyloid-β 1–40 as a potential marker of drainage from the brain’s interstitial system. Results: We found a significant correlation of total-Tau and age, which was no longer present when correcting total-Tau for amyloid-β 1–40 concentrations. These findings were replicated under varied inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Results call into question the association of age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, they suggest diagnostic utility of amyloid-β 1–40 as a possible proxy for drainage-mechanisms into the cerebrospinal fluid when interpreting biomarker concentrations for neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Validation and standardization of DNA extraction and library construction methods for metagenomics-based human fecal microbiome measurements

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter M. Tourlousse ◽  
Koji Narita ◽  
Takamasa Miura ◽  
Mitsuo Sakamoto ◽  
Akiko Ohashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Library Construction ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Validation and standardization of methodologies for microbial community measurements by high-throughput sequencing are needed to support human microbiome research and its industrialization. This study set out to establish standards-based solutions to improve the accuracy and reproducibility of metagenomics-based microbiome profiling of human fecal samples. Results In the first phase, we performed a head-to-head comparison of a wide range of protocols for DNA extraction and sequencing library construction using defined mock communities, to identify performant protocols and pinpoint sources of inaccuracy in quantification. In the second phase, we validated performant protocols with respect to their variability of measurement results within a single laboratory (that is, intermediate precision) as well as interlaboratory transferability and reproducibility through an industry-based collaborative study. We further ascertained the performance of our recommended protocols in the context of a community-wide interlaboratory study (that is, the MOSAIC Standards Challenge). Finally, we defined performance metrics to provide best practice guidance for improving measurement consistency across methods and laboratories. Conclusions The validated protocols and methodological guidance for DNA extraction and library construction provided in this study expand current best practices for metagenomic analyses of human fecal microbiota. Uptake of our protocols and guidelines will improve the accuracy and comparability of metagenomics-based studies of the human microbiome, thereby facilitating development and commercialization of human microbiome-based products.

scholarly journals Modelling the elastic mechanical properties of bioactive glass-derived scaffolds

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Francesco Baino ◽  
Elisa Fiume
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Predictive Capability ◽  
Shear Moduli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Constitutive Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPorosity is known to play a pivotal role in dictating the functional properties of biomedical scaffolds, with special reference to mechanical performance. While compressive strength is relatively easy to be experimentally assessed even for brittle ceramic and glass foams, elastic properties are much more difficult to be reliably estimated. Therefore, describing and, hence, predicting the relationship between porosity and elastic properties based only on the constitutive parameters of the solid material is still a challenge. In this work, we quantitatively compare the predictive capability of a set of different models in describing, over a wide range of porosity, the elastic modulus (7 models), shear modulus (3 models) and Poisson’s ratio (7 models) of bioactive silicate glass-derived scaffolds produced by foam replication. For these types of biomedical materials, the porosity dependence of elastic and shear moduli follows a second-order power-law approximation, whereas the relationship between porosity and Poisson’s ratio is well fitted by a linear equation.

A Progressive View on Religion and Modern Art

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-530
Author(s):  
Cynthia Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Religious Art ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Museum Professionals ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the Religious Art of Today exhibition, originally held in 1944 at Boston’s Institute of Modern Art and then reformulated for the Dayton Art Institute in Ohio. The exhibition was eclectic in that it included a wide range of artists and a diversity of faiths, and engaged the debate held among museum professionals about the relationship between religion and modern art. The article focuses closely on Catholic, Jewish, and Navajo art included in the exhibition. The IMA’s commitment to the figurative tradition afforded artists the opportunity to explore their identities—as Jews, as Catholics, as Navajos—using recognizable religious subjects. That the works in the exhibition were selected as representative of modern art resulted in a convergence of discourses related to modern art with those of religious/cultural identity.

scholarly journals New Insights into Molecular Mechanism behind Anti-Cancer Activities of Lycopene

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3888
Author(s):  
Boon-Peng Puah ◽  
Juriyati Jalil ◽  
Ali Attiq ◽  
Yusof Kamisah
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Real Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cancer Activity ◽  
Reduced Risk

Lycopene is a well-known compound found commonly in tomatoes which brings wide range of health benefits against cardiovascular diseases and cancers. From an anti-cancer perspective, lycopene is often associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer and people often look for it as a dietary supplement which may help to prevent cancer. Previous scientific evidence exhibited that the anti-cancer activity of lycopene relies on its ability to suppress oncogene expressions and induce proapoptotic pathways. To further explore the real potential of lycopene in cancer prevention, this review discusses the new insights and perspectives on the anti-cancer activities of lycopene which could help to drive new direction for research. The relationship between inflammation and cancer is being highlighted, whereby lycopene suppresses cancer via resolution of inflammation are also discussed herein. The immune system was found to be a part of the anti-cancer system of lycopene as it modulates immune cells to suppress tumor growth and progression. Lycopene, which is under the family of carotenoids, was found to play special role in suppressing lung cancer.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on Anoplophora chinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Adult Survival, Reproduction, and Egg Hatch

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody A. Keena ◽  
Paul M. Moore ◽  
Gregg Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) is an invasive species that can damage many tree species in orchard, urban, and forested habitats. Adult survival, reproduction, and egg hatch of A. chinensis from Italy and China are evaluated at eight constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C) under laboratory conditions. The estimated Tmax for longevity was 42 and 33 °C for females and 42 and 39 °C for males from China and Italy, respectively. The estimated Tmax, Tmin, and optimum temperature for fecundity were 35, 9, and 29 °C, respectively. Females laid eggs at 15–30 °C and eggs hatched at 15–35 °C. Days to first oviposition increased exponentially from 13 days at 30 °C to >300 days near 10 °C. The estimated Tmin for egg hatch was 13 °C, the Tmax at 38 °C, and the optimum 29 °C. Percentage hatch was estimated to be highest at 26 °C and have a Tmax of 31 °C and Tmin of 10 °C. These results indicate that summer temperatures over a wide range of latitudes should support beetle survival and reproduction, but at temperatures ≥35 °C, oviposition ceases, and adult survivorship declines. In addition, females may survive into the fall, but lay fewer eggs that may not hatch. These responses of A. chinensis to temperature can be used for developing phenological models to predict the timing of stages for management or eradication efforts.

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