Children, snails and worms: the Brachylaima cribbi story

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
South America ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Brachylaimids are parasitic trematode fluke worms that have a terrestrial life cycle involving land snails and slugs as the first and/or second intermediate hosts for the cercarial and metacercarial larval stages. A wide range of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians are the definitive hosts for the adult worm. Brachylaima spp. have been reported from most continents including Europe, Africa, Asia, North and South America and Australia. There are over 70 described species in the genus with seven species indigenous to Australia. Although Brachylaima spp. are a cosmopolitan terrestrial trematode they have not been recorded to infect humans other than the three Brachylaima cribbi infections reported in two children and an adult from South Australia.

scholarly journals Worldwide examples of global heritage stones: an introduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 486 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Hannibal ◽  
S. Kramar ◽  
B. J. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

AbstractHeritage stones are stones that have special significance in human culture. The papers in this volume discuss a wide variety of such stones, including stones from Europe, Asia, North and South America, Africa and Australia. Igneous (basalt, porphyry and a variety of granites), sedimentary (sandstone, limestone) and metamorphic (marble, quartzite, gneiss, slate, soapstone) stones are featured. These stones have been used over long periods of time for a wide range of uses, including monuments, buildings of architectural note, columns, roofing, tiling and lithography. A number of papers in this book provide information that is essential for eventual approval of stones as a Global Heritage Stone Resource or a group of stones as a Global Heritage Stone Province.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Labial Myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 958-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I Meurer ◽  
Liliane J Grando ◽  
Elena RC Rivero ◽  
Carlos ECP Souza ◽  
Carlos B Marcondes
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
South America ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Cochliomyia Hominivorax ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Dermatobia Hominis ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

ABSTRACT Introduction The aim of this article is to present a rare case of myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis. Myiasis is a disease caused by invasion of tissues of animals and humans by larval stages of dipterous (2-winged) flies. There are few reports of oral myiasis in the literature, mostly related to Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae. We present a case of a 53-year-old man with painful swelling of the left lower lip that was confirmed to be myiasis caused by D. hominis. Though more common in tropical and subtropical regions of North and South America, myiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous masses among residents or travelers in endemic areas. How to cite this article Meurer MI, Grando LJ, Rivero ERC, Souza CECP, Marcondes CB. A Rare Case of Labial Myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(11):958-961.

Cestodes (tapeworms)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1520-1528
Author(s):  
Richard Knight
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Gut Mucosa ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Serious Disease

Adult tapeworms maintain anchorage to the host small-gut mucosa by means the scolex, a holdfast structure. The rest of the body forms the strobila and consists of a chain of flattened proglottids, which proliferate just behind the scolex. The life cycle then includes larval stages in one or more intermediate hosts. Many species of tapeworm, all zoonoses, infect humans as adult worms or larval stages. Serious disease can result when larval stages occur accidentally in humans, whereas infections by the adult stages often cause little harm. Two groups of cestode infect humans: the Cyclophyllidea and the Pseudophyllidea. The former have a terrestrial life cycle and cystic larvae; the latter have an aquatic cycle and worm-like larvae.

Leptosphaeria coniothyrium. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New Records ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leptosphaeria Coniothyrium ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Cane Blight

Abstract A description is provided for Leptosphaeria coniothyrium. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Rosa and Rubus spp. and a wide range of hosts which it attacks as a wound parasite or saprophyte. DISEASES: Cane blight of raspberry, boysenberry, blackberry (43, 798; 56, 753; 56, 5722); graft canker of roses (49, 3349). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa, Asia, Australasia & Oceania, Europe, North and South America, Central America and West Indies (CMI Map 185, ed. 3, 1978). New records not mapped are: Africa (Egypt, Ethiopia, Mauritius, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Zambia); Asia (Bangladesh, Burma, Israel, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Turkey); South America (Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: By air, soil and waterborne-conidia (28, 340). Infection through wounds caused by mechanical injury, pruning or hailstones (39, 426; 52, 1753g; 56, 5721; 57, 4554).

IV.—The Geological Development, Descent and Distribution of the Mammalia

1893 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl A. von Zittel
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
North And South America ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South ◽  
Animal World

In a spirited treatise on the ‘Origin of our Animal World’ Prof. L. Rütimeyer, in the year 1867, described the geological development and distribution of the mammalia, and the relationship of the different faunas of the past with each other and with that now existing. Although, since the appearance of that masterly sketch the palæontological material has been, at least, doubled through new discoveries in Europe and more especially in North and South America, this unexpected increase has in most instances only served as a confirmation of the views which Rutimeyer advanced on more limited experience. At present, Africa forms the only great gap in our knowledge of the fossil mammalia; all the remaining parts of the world can show materials more or less abundantly, from which the course followed by the mammalia in their geological development can be traced with approximate certainty.

Transatlantic Radicalism

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Organizational Ties ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Political Radicalism

The Atlantic Ocean not only connected North and South America with Europe through trade but also provided the means for an exchange of knowledge and ideas, including political radicalism. Socialists and anarchists would use this “radical ocean” to escape state prosecution in their home countries and establish radical milieus abroad. However, this was often a rather unorganized development and therefore the connections that existed were quite diverse. The movement of individuals led to the establishment of organizational ties and the import and exchange of political publications between Europe and the Americas. The main aim of this book is to show how the transatlantic networks of political radicalism evolved with regard to socialist and anarchist milieus and in particular to look at the actors within the relevant processes—topics that have so far been neglected in the major histories of transnational political radicalism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Individual case studies are examined within a wider context to show how networks were actually created, how they functioned and their impact on the broader history of the radical Atlantic.

scholarly journals Modelling tree ring cellulose <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O variations in two temperature-sensitive tree species from North and South America

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1515-1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliénor Lavergne ◽  
Fabio Gennaretti ◽  
Camille Risi ◽  
Valérie Daux ◽  
Etienne Boucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Nothofagus Pumilio ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Two Temperature

Abstract. Oxygen isotopes in tree rings (δ18OTR) are widely used to reconstruct past climates. However, the complexity of climatic and biological processes controlling isotopic fractionation is not yet fully understood. Here, we use the MAIDENiso model to decipher the variability in δ18OTR of two temperature-sensitive species of relevant palaeoclimatological interest (Picea mariana and Nothofagus pumilio) and growing at cold high latitudes in North and South America. In this first modelling study on δ18OTR values in both northeastern Canada (53.86° N) and western Argentina (41.10° S), we specifically aim at (1) evaluating the predictive skill of MAIDENiso to simulate δ18OTR values, (2) identifying the physical processes controlling δ18OTR by mechanistic modelling and (3) defining the origin of the temperature signal recorded in the two species. Although the linear regression models used here to predict daily δ18O of precipitation (δ18OP) may need to be improved in the future, the resulting daily δ18OP values adequately reproduce observed (from weather stations) and simulated (by global circulation model) δ18OP series. The δ18OTR values of the two species are correctly simulated using the δ18OP estimation as MAIDENiso input, although some offset in mean δ18OTR levels is observed for the South American site. For both species, the variability in δ18OTR series is primarily linked to the effect of temperature on isotopic enrichment of the leaf water. We show that MAIDENiso is a powerful tool for investigating isotopic fractionation processes but that the lack of a denser isotope-enabled monitoring network recording oxygen fractionation in the soil–vegetation–atmosphere compartments limits our capacity to decipher the processes at play. This study proves that the eco-physiological modelling of δ18OTR values is necessary to interpret the recorded climate signal more reliably.

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