scholarly journals The effect of climate change on Australian arboviruses

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
John S Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Since it was first raised more than 20 years ago, there has been increasing concern about the potential impacts of climate change on mosquito-borne viral diseases in Australia. This has generated a number of predictions and projections on the effect of global warming on the incidence and spread of Australian arboviruses. These have been discussed recently by Russell and Jacobs & colleagues and thus need not be repeated in detail here. In addition, it was also the topic of a previous ?In Focus? article. This paper will briefly focus on the complex interplay between climate-associated factors which may affect the incidence and spread of mosquito-borne viruses, and show how these factors may influence the ecologies of the major Australian arboviruses.

scholarly journals Forested Streams May Warm More Than Observations Predict

Eos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Understanding how temperatures of cold-water streams respond to global warming could help clarify the impacts of climate change on aquatic ecosystems.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Climate Change on Nigerian Ecosystems: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-291
Author(s):  
B. E. Ikumbur ◽  
S. Iornumbe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
The World ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Climate change is the single biggest environmental issue facing the world today. It has become a great challenge to our generation and its impact is felt in almost every society in the world. Nigeria is one of the most vulnerable countries in Africa. Nigeria as a developing nation with a population of about 200 million people is likely to be adversely impacted by climate change due to its vulnerability and low coping capabilities. Climate change is evidently linked to human actions, and in particular from the burning of fossil fuels and changes in global patterns of land use. The impacts of human activities, as well as those of natural phenomena on global warming, climate change, and the environment, were presented and discussed. Various manifestations of its impact are evident in Nigeria, which includes temperature rise, increase in draught, and scarcity of food instigated by irregularities in rainfall, over flooding, and so on. This paper examines the concepts of global warming and climate change; its impact on the Nigeria ecosystems. It highlights the climate change-related risks and hazards the nation could face if best practices are not employed to prevent and mitigate its impact. Two sets of measures have been advocated for confronting climate change, these are mitigation and adaptation measures. The review explores possible adaptation strategies that are required to respond to the climatic variations and suggests ways that these adaptation strategies can be implemented.

scholarly journals Worrying about climate change: is it responsible to promote public debate?

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
Helen L. Berry ◽  
Dominic Peel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Population Mental Health ◽  
Regional Australia ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Some fear that provoking widespread worry about climate change may harm mental health. The Regional Wellbeing Survey, a large study of health, well-being and life in rural and regional Australia, examined climate change worry and attitudes. Most respondents were worried about climate change and agreed that fossil fuel use causes global warming, but there was no evidence to suggest that worry about climate change is linked to mental health in the general population. Respectful, calm, considered public debate about how to respond to climate change is unlikely to be harmful to population mental health. Individually focused clinical approaches are unlikely to be effective as a primary approach in managing the mental health impacts of climate change. Instead, collective, systems-based approaches will be needed.

What the Science Tells Us about Climate Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-42
Author(s):  
Janis Sarra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Current Science ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Chapter 2 offers an analysis of the state of science and its direct implications for business. It explores how the physical impacts of climate change are already evident, discussing impacts on human health and well-being; on food security and food production systems; on the ecosystems of oceans, lands, and wetlands; and impacts on freshwater resources and on the cryosphere. The chapter examines the concept of climate tipping points and the implications for businesses. It also explores why mitigation is crucially important to reversing the negative impacts of climate change and discusses why climate adaptation is important and necessary, but not, in itself, sufficient to change the current trajectory of global warming. The chapter focuses particularly on what companies need to know about the current science on climate change.

scholarly journals Climate change and agricultural productivity in Brazil: future perspectives

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Assunção ◽  
Flávia Chein
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

AbstractThis paper evaluates the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity. Cross-sectional variation in climate among Brazilian municipalities is used to estimate an equation in which geographical attributes determine agricultural productivity. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predictions based on atmosphere–ocean, coupled with general circulation models (for 2030–2049), are used to simulate the impacts of climate change. Our estimates suggest that global warming under the current technological standards is expected to decrease the agricultural output per hectare in Brazil by 18 per cent, with the effects on municipalities ranging from−40 to+15 per cent.

scholarly journals Climate and land use change impacts on global terrestrial ecosystems and river flows in the HadGEM2-ES Earth system model using the representative concentration pathways

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1317-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Betts ◽  
N. Golding ◽  
P. Gonzalez ◽  
J. Gornall ◽  
R. Kahana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract. A new generation of an Earth system model now includes a number of land-surface processes directly relevant to analyzing potential impacts of climate change. This model, HadGEM2-ES, allows us to assess the impacts of climate change, multiple interactions, and feedbacks as the model is run. This paper discusses the results of century-scale HadGEM2-ES simulations from an impacts perspective – specifically, terrestrial ecosystems and water resources – for four different scenarios following the representative concentration pathways (RCPs), used in the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2013, 2014). Over the 21st century, simulated changes in global and continental-scale terrestrial ecosystems due to climate change appear to be very similar in all 4 RCPs, even though the level of global warming by the end of the 21st century ranges from 2 °C in the lowest scenario to 5.5° in the highest. A warming climate generally favours broadleaf trees over needleleaf, needleleaf trees over shrubs, and shrubs over herbaceous vegetation, resulting in a poleward shift of temperate and boreal forests and woody tundra in all scenarios. Although climate related changes are slightly larger in scenarios of greater warming, the largest differences between scenarios arise at regional scales as a consequence of different patterns of anthropogenic land cover change. In the model, the scenario with the lowest global warming results in the most extensive decline in tropical forest cover due to a large expansion of agriculture. Under all four RCPs, fire potential could increase across extensive land areas, particularly tropical and sub-tropical latitudes. River outflows are simulated to increase with higher levels of CO2 and global warming in all projections, with outflow increasing with mean temperature at the end of the 21st century at the global scale and in North America, Asia, and Africa. In South America, Europe, and Australia, the relationship with climate warming and CO2 rise is less clear, probably as a result of land cover change exerting a dominant effect in those regions.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Impacts of climate change on European hydrology at 1.5, 2 and 3 degrees mean global warming above preindustrial level

2017 ◽  
Vol 143 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 535-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Donnelly ◽  
Wouter Greuell ◽  
Jafet Andersson ◽  
Dieter Gerten ◽  
Giovanna Pisacane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

scholarly journals Impacts of climate change on European hydrology at 1.5, 2 and 3 degrees mean global warming above preindustrial level

2017 ◽  
Vol 143 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Donnelly ◽  
Wouter Greuell ◽  
Jafet Andersson ◽  
Dieter Gerten ◽  
Giovanna Pisacane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

scholarly journals Analysis Of Strategies For Mitigation And Adaptation To The Impacts Of Climate Change In The Agricultural Sector In Northern Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Tan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

There is widespread evidence that countries in the tropical regions especially the less developed countries will be most affected by the impacts of climate change and global warming. Unfortunately, these countries are highly dependent on agriculture, which is very sensitive to climate change, thereby threatening food security and economic development in the region. Interestingly, agriculture is one of the main contributors to the atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, it is important that actions taken to adapt to climate change do not undermine the effectiveness of mitigation strategies that impact the agricultural sector. The present study investigates the effects of mitigation and adaptation strategies on the impacts of climate change in the agricultural sector in Northern Philippines and identifies where synergies or conflicts between the two approaches may arise. Further analysis of the selected strategies suggests that one or more adaptation strategies may be ideal to achieve the maximum benefits.

scholarly journals Quantifying uncertainty in the impacts of climate change on river discharge in sub-catchments of the River Yangtze and Yellow Basins, China

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 6823-6850 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Xu ◽  
R. G. Taylor ◽  
Y. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Global Mean ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract. Quantitative evaluations of the impacts of climate change on water resources are primarily constrained by uncertainty in climate projections from GCMs. In this study we assess uncertainty in the impacts of climate change on river discharge in two catchments of the River Yangtze and Yellow Basins that feature contrasting climate regimes (humid and semi-arid). Specifically we quantify uncertainty associated with GCM structure from a subset of CMIP3 AR4 GCMs (HadCM3, HadGEM1, CCSM3.0, IPSL, ECHAM5, CSIRO, CGCM3.1), SRES emissions scenarios (A1B, A2, B1, B2) and prescribed increases in global mean air temperature (1 °C to 6 °C). Climate projections, applied to semi-distributed hydrological models (SWAT 2005) in both catchments, indicate trends toward warmer and wetter conditions. For prescribed warming scenarios of 1 °C to 6 °C, linear increases in mean annual river discharge, relative to baseline (1961–1990), for the River Xiangxi and River Huangfuchuan are +9% and 11% per +1 °C, respectively. Intra-annual changes include increases in flood (Q05) discharges for both rivers as well as a shift in the timing of flood discharges from summer to autumn and a rise (24 to 93%) in dry season (Q95) discharge for the River Xiangxi. Differences in projections of mean annual river discharge between SRES emission scenarios using HadCM3 are comparatively minor for the River Xiangxi (13% to 17% rise from baseline) but substantial (73% to 121%) for the River Huangfuchuan. With one minor exception of a slight (−2%) decrease in river discharge projected using HadGEM1 for the River Xiangxi, mean annual river discharge is projected to increase in both catchments under both the SRES A1B emission scenario and 2° rise in global mean air temperature using all AR4 GCMs on the CMIP3 subset. For the River Xiangxi, there is great uncertainty associated with GCM structure in the magnitude of the rise in flood (Q05) discharges (−1% to 41% under SRES A1B and −3% to 41% under 2° global warming) and dry season (Q95) discharges (2% to 55% under SRES A1B and 2% to 39% under 2° global warming). For the River Huangfuchuan, all GCMs project a rise in the Q05 flow but there is substantial uncertainty in the magnitude of this rise (7% to 70% under SRES A1B and 2% to 57% under 2° global warming). Greatest differences in the projected hydrologic changes are associated with GCMs in both catchments than emission scenarios and climate sensitivity. Critically, estimated uncertainty in projections of mean annual flows is less than that calculated for extreme (Q05, Q95) flows. This research suggest that the common approach of reporting of climate change impacts on river in terms of mean annual flows may mask the magnitude of uncertainty in flows of most importance to water managers.

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