scholarly journals A proteomic approach to understanding the biofilm phenotype

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Cathy Rathsam ◽  
Ruth Eaton ◽  
Alice Len ◽  
Nick Jacques
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Dental Decay ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Biofilm Community

The current theory for dental decay, the ecological plaque hypothesis, states that the onset of disease follows unfavourable disruption of the dynamic balance between the host and the microbial biofilm community at local sites. Inherent in this theory is the concept that cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans, can be present in health, but at levels that are not clinically relevant and that disease can be controlled not only by targeting pathogens but also by interfering with the factors responsible for driving the deleterious shifts. Such theories require an holistic or Systems Microbiological approach to study disease, as they are not tractable by traditional approaches alone. A 2004 report by the American Academy of Microbiology emphasised the technical bottlenecks associated with the systems? approach, including the need to obtain meaningful quantitative proteome data.

Determining the discount rate when evaluating trade organizations: Some features

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
E.A. Grigor'eva ◽  
A.S. Buzhikeeva
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Subject. This article deals with the issues of determining the market value of the trading business, taking into account a number of characteristics. Objectives. The article aims to develop certain provisions of the methodology and practice of evaluating the business of trading organizations, namely, taking into account the additional risk of inventory feasibility when calculating the discount rate. Methods. For the study, we used a systems approach, and the cognition, and economic and analytical research methods. Results. The article presents a three-tiered classification of stocks and a definition of risk based on the criteria for dividing stocks by purpose, degree of implementation, and shelf life in accordance with the scale. Based on the classification, the article offers certain recommendations for determining the discount rate when evaluating trading organizations, aimed at taking into account additional risk. Conclusions. Various evaluation procedures within the framework of traditional approaches and methods in relation to trading organizations do not take into account risk specific to this type of economic activity. The proposed methodology for calculating the discount rate for trade organizations takes into account the features of their functioning.

scholarly journals The dynamic balance of import and export of zinc in Escherichia coli suggests a heterogeneous population response to stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (106) ◽  
pp. 20150069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Takahashi ◽  
Taku Oshima ◽  
Jon L. Hobman ◽  
Neil Doherty ◽  
Selina R. Clayton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Import And Export

Zinc is essential for life, but toxic in excess. Thus all cells must control their internal zinc concentration. We used a systems approach, alternating rounds of experiments and models, to further elucidate the zinc control systems in Escherichia coli . We measured the response to zinc of the main specific zinc import and export systems in the wild-type, and a series of deletion mutant strains. We interpreted these data with a detailed mathematical model and Bayesian model fitting routines. There are three key findings: first, that alternate, non-inducible importers and exporters are important. Second, that an internal zinc reservoir is essential for maintaining the internal zinc concentration. Third, our data fitting led us to propose that the cells mount a heterogeneous response to zinc: some respond effectively, while others die or stop growing. In a further round of experiments, we demonstrated lower viable cell counts in the mutant strain tested exposed to excess zinc, consistent with this hypothesis. A stochastic model simulation demonstrated considerable fluctuations in the cellular levels of the ZntA exporter protein, reinforcing this proposal. We hypothesize that maintaining population heterogeneity could be a bet-hedging response allowing a population of cells to survive in varied and fluctuating environments.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Temporin-GHc and Temporin-GHd Against Cariogenic Bacteria, Streptococcus mutans

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengren Zhong ◽  
Zhipeng Xie ◽  
Hanqi Wei ◽  
Shuxia Zhang ◽  
Yanting Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria

scholarly journals Antibacterial effect of clove (Eugenia aromaticum) oil extracted from clove cigarettes towards Streptococcus mutans

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alif Wazir Jumali ◽  
Mieke Hemiawati Satari ◽  
Warta Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Oil Extract

Streptococcus mutans is a commensal bacteria of the oral cavity, particularly found in dental plaque attached to the tooth surface, and can also found in the saliva, buccal mucosa, tongue, and the gingival sulcus. Clove cigarette contains the clove oil used worldwide as a herbal remedy for a variety of health disorders due to its antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. The purpose of this study was to determined the antibacterial effect of the clove oil contained in the clove cigarette towards Streptococcus mutans as a cariogenic bacteria. The research was an experimental laboratory, which tested the sensitivity of the Streptococcus mutans bacteria taken from the saliva of 10 clove cigarette smokers towards the clove oil extract of the clove cigarette in-vitro by using the Kirby-Bauer method. The study showed that the clove oil extract of the clove cigarette which contained eugenol has antibacterial towards the growth of Streptococcus mutans, and there was a difference of the antibacterial activity between clove oil extracted from minced and combusted clove cigarette. The conclusion of this study was the clove oil extracted from minced clove cigarette had a better antibacterial effect than the combusted clove cigarette.

scholarly journals Uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum Ekstrak Daun Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus Mutans

e-GIGI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen N. Sekeon ◽  
Heriyannis Homenta ◽  
Michael A. Leman
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Group Design

Abstract: Streptococcus mutans is the most common bacterium that causes dental caries due to its ability to ferment carbohydrates into acid resulting in the decreased pH on the tooth surface. Prevention of dental caries could be achieved by inhibiting the growth of cariogenic bacteria. Various efforts to control and prevent the cariogenic bacteria include the usage of herbal ingredients; one of them is gedi leaves (Abelmoschus manihot L.). These gedi leaves contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and saponins. This study was aimed to prove that gedi leaf extract had inhibitory effect on the growth of S.mutans and to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this extract on the growth of S. mutans. This was a true experimental design with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Gedi leaf extract was obtained by maceration method in 96% ethanol. The results showed that gedi leaf extract had an antibacterial effect on the growth of S. mutans. We used turbidimetry, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and two times of treatment to obtain the MIC of gedi leaf extract on Streptococcus mutans which was 6.25%. Conclusion: Gedi leaf extract could inhibit the growth of S. mutans with a MIC of 6.25%.Keywords: dental caries, gedi leaf extract (Abelmoschus manihot L.), Streptococcus mutans Abstrak: Streptococcus mutans merupakan bakteri yang paling banyak menyebabkan karies gigi karena bakteri ini berkemampuan memfermentasi karbohidrat menjadi asam yang berakibat turunnya pH pada permukaan gigi. Pencegahan karies gigi dapat dicapai dengan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri kariogenik. Berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk mengen-dalikan dan mencegah bakteri kariogenik, antara lain dengan menggunakan bahan herbal; salah satunya yaitu tanaman gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.). Daun gedi mengandung senyawa bioaktif antara lain flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, dan saponin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek inhibisi ekstrak daun gedi terhadap pertumbuhan S. mutans dan mendapatkan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak daun gedi terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. mutans. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental murni dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Ekstrak daun gedi dibuat dengan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan etanol 96%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) memiliki efek antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Dengan menggunakan metode turbidimetri dan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dalam 2 (dua) kali perlakuan maka diperoleh KHM ekstrak daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans terdapat pada konsentrasi 6,25%. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun gedi dapat meghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans dengan KHM pada konsentrasi 6,25%.Kata kunci: karies gigi, ekstrak daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.), Streptococcus mutans

scholarly journals Evaluating Streptococcus mutans Strain Dependent Characteristics in a Polymicrobial Biofilm Community

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Emma Millhouse ◽  
Tracy Shaw ◽  
David F. Lappin ◽  
Ranjith Rajendran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Strain Dependent ◽  
Biofilm Community

scholarly journals Association of Streptococcus mutans with Human Dental Decay

1975 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1252-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Loesche ◽  
J. Rowan ◽  
L. H. Straffon ◽  
P. J. Loos
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Decay
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