Effect of Punica granatum on the virulence factors of cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zandiswa Gulube ◽  
Mrudula Patel
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria

scholarly journals Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazielle Millo ◽  
Apa Juntavee ◽  
Ariya Ratanathongkam ◽  
Natsajee Nualkaew ◽  
Peerapattana, Jomjai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACT Aim This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial effects of the formulated Punica granatum (PG) gel against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Lactobacillus casei. Materials and methods The PG extract was dissolved in water at 500 mg/mL. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for identification and quantification of chemical marker punicalagin. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill assay (TKA) were investigated. Antibacterial activities of the formulated PG gel, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel and blank gel were tested by measuring the zones of inhibition through agar well diffusion method. Results The HPLC results showed presence of punicalagin at 2023.58 ± 25.29 μg/mL in the aqueous PG extract and at 0.234% (w/w) in the formulated PG gel. The MBC for S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei were 250, 125, and 500 mg/mL respectively. The TKA of 500 mg/mL aqueous PG extract showed total inhibition of S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei at 6, 1, and 24 hours contact time respectively. Agar well diffusion revealed that for S. mutans, CHX gel > PG gel > blank gel; for S. sanguinis, CHX gel = PG gel > blank gel; for L. casei, CHX gel > PG gel = blank gel. Comparison of the PG gel potency showed that S. sanguinis = S. mutans > L. casei. Conclusion The PG gel equivalent to 0.234% punicalagin (w/w) inhibited S. mutans and S. sanguinis but not L. casei within 24 hours incubation period and has the potential to be used for caries prevention. How to cite this article Millo G, Juntavee A, Ratanathongkam A, Nualkaew N, Peerapattana J, Chatchiwiwattana S. Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):152-157.

scholarly journals Effect of Achyranthes aspera, 0.2% Aqueous Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Punica granatum Oral Rinse on the Levels of Salivary Streptococcus mutans in 8 to 12 Years Old Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 903-909
Author(s):  
Deepak Goel ◽  
Aayushi Bansal ◽  
Anant Gopal Nigam
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Plaque Score ◽  
Achyranthes Aspera ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
Group B ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

ABSTRACT Background and objectives To study the effect Achyranthes aspera, 0.2% aqueous chlorhexidine gluconate and Punica granatum oral rinse on salivary Streptococcus mutans count in children. Materials and methods A total of 60 children of 8 to 12 years of age were randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group A was given 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash, group B was given 10% A. aspera mouthwash and group C was given 15% P. granatum mouthwash. The day 1 saliva samples were collected from the subjects and innoculated onto mitis salivarius bacitracin (MSB) agar. The colony counts were obtained by a clinical microbiologist who was blinded to the subject allocation. Plaque scores were then recorded by the investigator with the help of a volunteer. Following this, they received a thorough scaling and polishing. Subjects in each group were then provided with 140 ml of the respective mouthwash, as a daily supervised rinse after breakfast and before sleeping as per instructions. Following mouth rinsing, the children were instructed not to eat or drink for 15 minutes. At the 7th day, unstimulated saliva was again collected from the subjects of all 3 groups, inoculated onto MSB agar and colony count was obtained. Modified Quigley- Hein plaque index was also evaluated for the refreshed score at this stage. Colony counting was done using loop method and statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software version 21. Results All the three mouthwashes showed statistically significant reduction of S. mutans count and plaque index after 7 days, i.e. chlorhexidine (p < 0.001 for reduction in S. mutans count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction), A. aspera (p < 0.01 for reduction in S. mutans count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction) and P. granatum (p < 0.01 for reduction in S. mutans count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction). Chlorhexidine had marginally better results in reducing S. mutans count. Conclusion • Efficacy of chlorhexidine, A. aspera and P. granatum was statistically significant with respect to reduction of S. mutans count with chlorhexidine being marginally better than the other two, • All the three mouthwashes were found to be at par when plaque index values from baseline and after interception of 7 days was calculated, • Punica granatum has better antimicrobial effect than A. aspera. How to cite this article Bansal A, Marwah N, Nigam AG, Goenka P, Goel D. Effect of Achyranthes aspera, 0.2% Aqueous Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Punica granatum Oral Rinse on the Levels of Salivary Streptococcus mutans in 8 to 12 Years Old Children. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(11):903-909.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Temporin-GHc and Temporin-GHd Against Cariogenic Bacteria, Streptococcus mutans

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengren Zhong ◽  
Zhipeng Xie ◽  
Hanqi Wei ◽  
Shuxia Zhang ◽  
Yanting Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria

scholarly journals In VitroAntibacterial Activity of Pomegranate Juice and Peel Extracts on Cariogenic Bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmaria Fabrizio Ferrazzano ◽  
Elisa Scioscia ◽  
Daniela Sateriale ◽  
Gabiria Pastore ◽  
Roberta Colicchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Etiologic Agents

Aim. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate (Punica granatumL.) peel and juice, against the microorganisms considered the main etiologic agents of dental caries.Methods. The values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined againstStreptococcus mutansClarke ATCC® 25175™ strain andRothia dentocariosaclinical isolate.Results. Peel extracts inhibit effectively the growth and survival ofS. mutansATCC 25175 strain andR. dentocariosaclinical isolate with MIC and MBC values of 10 μg/μl and 15 μg/μl, respectively. Furthermore, the pomegranate juice extract showed high inhibitory activity againstS. mutansATCC 25175 strain with a MIC value of 25 μg/μl and a MBC value of 40 μg/μl, whereas, againstR. dentocariosa, it has displayed a moderate inhibitory activity, with MIC and MBC values of 20 μg/μl and 140 μg/μl, respectively.Conclusions.In vitromicrobiological tests demonstrate that the hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate juice and peel are able to contrast the main cariogenic bacteria involved in tooth decay. Although being preliminary data, our results suggest that pomegranate polyphenolic compounds could represent a good adjuvant for the prevention and treatment of dental caries.

Contribution of Streptococcus Mutans Virulence Factors and Saliva Agglutinating Capacity to Caries Susceptibility in Children: A Preliminary Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloa Ramalho de Camargo ◽  
Jonas Bitencourt Canalle ◽  
Rodriguo Capozzoli ◽  
Tanila Wood dos Santos ◽  
Margareth Bulhman Ballini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Caries Lesions

Background: Many factors contribute to caries development in humans, such as diet, host factors – including different saliva components – and the presence of acidogenic bacteria in the dental biofilm, particularly Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Despite the influence of S. mutans in caries, this bacterium is also prevalent among healthy individuals, suggesting the contribution of genetic variation on the cariogenic potential. Based on this hypothesis, the present work investigated the influence of S. mutans virulence factors and saliva agglutinating capacity on caries susceptibility in children. Study design: Saliva samples of 24 children from low income families (13 caries-free and 11 caries-active individuals) were collected and tested for their ability to agglutinate S. mutans. The bacteria were isolated from these samples and analyzed for the presence of the gene coding for mutacin IV (mut IV). Biofilm formation and acid tolerance were also investigated in both groups (caries-free and caries-active). Results: Saliva samples from caries-free children showed an increased capacity to agglutinate S. mutans (p=0.006). Also, bacteria isolated from the caries-free group formed less biofilm when compared to the caries-active group (p=0.04). The presence of mut IV gene did not differ between bacteria isolated from caries-free and caries-active individuals, nor did the ability to tolerate an acidic environment, which was the same for the two groups. Conclusions: Altogether, the results suggest that the adhesive properties of S. mutans and the agglutinating capacity of the saliva samples correlated with the presence of caries lesions in children.

scholarly journals Effects of compounds found in Nidus Vespae on the growth and cariogenic virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans

2012 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxu Guan ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Xue Liang ◽  
Jin Xiao ◽  
Libang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Virulence Factors

scholarly journals Pleiotropic Regulation of Virulence Genes in Streptococcus mutans by the Conserved Small Protein SprV

2017 ◽  
Vol 199 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoharan Shankar ◽  
Mohammad S. Hossain ◽  
Indranil Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Hypothetical Protein ◽  
Bacteriocin Production ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tooth Surfaces

ABSTRACT Streptococcus mutans, an oral pathogen associated with dental caries, colonizes tooth surfaces as polymicrobial biofilms known as dental plaque. S. mutans expresses several virulence factors that allow the organism to tolerate environmental fluctuations and compete with other microorganisms. We recently identified a small hypothetical protein (90 amino acids) essential for the normal growth of the bacterium. Inactivation of the gene, SMU.2137, encoding this protein caused a significant growth defect and loss of various virulence-associated functions. An S. mutans strain lacking this gene was more sensitive to acid, temperature, osmotic, oxidative, and DNA damage-inducing stresses. In addition, we observed an altered protein profile and defects in biofilm formation, bacteriocin production, and natural competence development, possibly due to the fitness defect associated with SMU.2137 deletion. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that nearly 20% of the S. mutans genes were differentially expressed upon SMU.2137 deletion, thereby suggesting a pleiotropic effect. Therefore, we have renamed this hitherto uncharacterized gene as sprV (streptococcal pleiotropic regulator of virulence). The transcript levels of several relevant genes in the sprV mutant corroborated the phenotypes observed upon sprV deletion. Owing to its highly conserved nature, inactivation of the sprV ortholog in Streptococcus gordonii also resulted in poor growth and defective UV tolerance and competence development as in the case of S. mutans. Our experiments suggest that SprV is functionally distinct from its homologs identified by structure and sequence homology. Nonetheless, our current work is aimed at understanding the importance of SprV in the S. mutans biology. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus mutans employs several virulence factors and stress resistance mechanisms to colonize tooth surfaces and cause dental caries. Bacterial pathogenesis is generally controlled by regulators of fitness that are critical for successful disease establishment. Sometimes these regulators, which are potential targets for antimicrobials, are lost in the genomic context due to the lack of annotated homologs. This work outlines the regulatory impact of a small, highly conserved hypothetical protein, SprV, encoded by S. mutans. We show that SprV affects the transcript levels of various virulence factors required for normal growth, biofilm formation, stress tolerance, genetic competence, and bacteriocin production.

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