scholarly journals Australian Biosecurity CRC for Emerging Infectious Diseases (AB-CRC)

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
John S Mackenzie ◽  
Lisa Adams
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cooperative Research

The Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for Emerging Infectious Disease (AB-CRC) was a successful applicant under the Federal Government?s 2002 CRC programme, and will be formally established from July 2003. The aim of the AB-CRC is to protect Australia?s health, livestock, wildlife and economic resources by developing new capabilities to monitor, assess, predict and respond to emerging and exotic disease threats which impact on national and regional biosecurity. Emerging diseases are defined as those which are novel, previously unrecognised diseases, or those which are increasing in incidence or geographic range. The threats may be natural, accidental (such as an infected traveller) or deliberate (as in bioterrorism).

scholarly journals Human factors in emerging infectious diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B. Halstead
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Emerging Disease ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Microbial World ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Methods Of Control

When the underlying causes and mechanisms of emerging infectious disease problems are studied carefully, human behaviour is often involved. Even more often, the only methods of control or prevention available are to change human behaviour. Several major recent emerging disease problems can be cited. It is sometimes emphasized that it is human carelessness, human excesses, human ignorance or human habits of conquest or leisure which contribute directly to the biological niches that microorganisms are all too capable of exploiting. We must look at ourselves as the engines of microbial opportunism. It is not likely that we will ever conquer the microbial world;we must look instead to control the human factors that contribute to emergence.

scholarly journals Emerging viral infectious disease threat: Why Tanzania is not in a safe zone

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chacha D. Mangu ◽  
Christina K. Manyama ◽  
Henry Msila ◽  
Lwitiho Sudi ◽  
Godlove Chaula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Viral Infectious Disease ◽  
The Government

Emerging diseases are global threat towards human existence. Every country is exposed to potentially emergence of infectious diseases. Several factor such as changes in ecology, climate and human demographics play different roles in a complex mechanism contributing to the occurrence of infectious diseases. Important aspects towards control in case of outbreaks are surveillance, preparedness and early response. Tanzania should therefore take opportunity of the calm situation currently present, to prepare. Except for HIV/AIDS, Tanzania has not experienced a major public health threat. However, the question is, is the country safe from emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases? In this article we try to explore the danger of emerging infectious disease (EID) epidemics in Tanzania and the risks attached if an outbreak is to occur. The aim is to formulate recommendations to the government, responsible authorities and general population of what can be done to improve the level of EID preparedness in the country. In conclusion, it is important to strengthen the capacity of community and healthcare staffs on how to respond to potential infectious disease outbreaks. Community-based surveillance systems should be incorporated into the national systems for early detection of public health events. It is also critical to enhance one health approach to increase cross-sectoral information sharing, surveillance and interventional strategies as regards to preparedness and response to disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Emerging infectious disease and the challenges of social distancing in human and non-human animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1932) ◽  
pp. 20201039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea K. Townsend ◽  
Dana M. Hawley ◽  
Jessica F. Stephenson ◽  
Keelah E. G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Behavioural Plasticity ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Animals

The ‘social distancing’ that occurred in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in humans provides a powerful illustration of the intimate relationship between infectious disease and social behaviour in animals. Indeed, directly transmitted pathogens have long been considered a major cost of group living in humans and other social animals, as well as a driver of the evolution of group size and social behaviour. As the risk and frequency of emerging infectious diseases rise, the ability of social taxa to respond appropriately to changing infectious disease pressures could mean the difference between persistence and extinction. Here, we examine changes in the social behaviour of humans and wildlife in response to infectious diseases and compare these responses to theoretical expectations. We consider constraints on altering social behaviour in the face of emerging diseases, including the lack of behavioural plasticity, environmental limitations and conflicting pressures from the many benefits of group living. We also explore the ways that social animals can minimize the costs of disease-induced changes to sociality and the unique advantages that humans may have in maintaining the benefits of sociality despite social distancing.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Intentions to Care For Emerging Infectious Disease Patients among National and Public Hospitals Nurses

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Hea-Jin Moon ◽  
Ju Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Moral Sensitivity ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of nurses' nursing professionalism, moral sensitivity, and social support on intention to care for patients with emerging infectious diseases.Methods: A structured self-report questionnaire was used to measure nursing professionalism, moral sensitivity, social support, and intention to care for patients with emerging infectious diseases. Data were collected from April 9~20, 2019. Participants were 200 nurse nurses working in national and public hospitals. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, and Multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program.Results: The perceived behavioral control (β=.48, p<.001), control beliefs (β=-.26, p<.001), moral sensitivity (β=.23, p<.001), normative beliefs (β=.17, p=.002), subjective norms (β=.17, p=.001), and attitude toward behavior (β=.10, p=.036) were a significant predictor of the intention to care for emerging infectious disease patients (Adj. R<sup>2</sup>=.65).Conclusion: In order to confidently carry out nursing activities for patients with emerging infectious diseases, sufficient education on the epidemiological characteristics of emerging infectious diseases must be provided and education programs developed and applied with simulation similar to those of actual care for emerging infectious disease patients.

scholarly journals DBatVir: the database of bat-associated viruses

Database ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Chen ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Qi Jin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
Viral Sequences

Abstract Emerging infectious diseases remain a significant threat to public health. Most emerging infectious disease agents in humans are of zoonotic origin. Bats are important reservoir hosts of many highly lethal zoonotic viruses and have been implicated in numerous emerging infectious disease events in recent years. It is essential to enhance our knowledge and understanding of the genetic diversity of the bat-associated viruses to prevent future outbreaks. To facilitate further research, we constructed the database of bat-associated viruses (DBatVir). Known viral sequences detected in bat samples were manually collected and curated, along with the related metadata, such as the sampling time, location, bat species and specimen type. Additional information concerning the bats, including common names, diet type, geographic distribution and phylogeny were integrated into the database to bridge the gap between virologists and zoologists. The database currently covers &gt;4100 bat-associated animal viruses of 23 viral families detected from 196 bat species in 69 countries worldwide. It provides an overview and snapshot of the current research regarding bat-associated viruses, which is essential now that the field is rapidly expanding. With a user-friendly interface and integrated online bioinformatics tools, DBatVir provides a convenient and powerful platform for virologists and zoologists to analyze the virome diversity of bats, as well as for epidemiologists and public health researchers to monitor and track current and future bat-related infectious diseases. Database URL: http://www.mgc.ac.cn/DBatVir/

scholarly journals Infectious disease outbreak prediction using media articles with machine learning models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhyeon Kim ◽  
Insung Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
News Article ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreak

AbstractWhen a newly emerging infectious disease breaks out in a country, it brings critical damage to both human health conditions and the national economy. For this reason, apprehending which disease will newly emerge, and preparing countermeasures for that disease, are required. Many different types of infectious diseases are emerging and threatening global human health conditions. For this reason, the detection of emerging infectious disease pattern is critical. However, as the epidemic spread of infectious disease occurs sporadically and rapidly, it is not easy to predict whether an infectious disease will emerge or not. Furthermore, accumulating data related to a specific infectious disease is not easy. For these reasons, finding useful data and building a prediction model with these data is required. The Internet press releases numerous articles every day that rapidly reflect currently pending issues. Thus, in this research, we accumulated Internet articles from Medisys that were related to infectious disease, to see if news data could be used to predict infectious disease outbreak. Articles related to infectious disease from January to December 2019 were collected. In this study, we evaluated if newly emerging infectious diseases could be detected using the news article data. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Semi-supervised Learning (SSL), and Deep Neural Network (DNN) were used for prediction to examine the use of information embedded in the web articles: and to detect the pattern of emerging infectious disease.

Understanding of Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases (EID and REID)

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-380
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Okabe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
And Control

Infectious diseases are no longer fatal enabling many people to live without anxiety. However, provision to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EID/REID) are new global issues and every country has been requested to strengthen core capacity for infectious disease early detection and control. In this issue, background and concept of EID/REID, and Japanese efforts including introduction of Infectious Disease Control Law and surveillance system were described.

scholarly journals Emerging Infectious Diseases in Pregnant Women in a Non-Endemic Area: Almost One Out of Four Is at Risk

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Giulia Modi ◽  
Beatrice Borchi ◽  
Susanna Giaché ◽  
Irene Campolmi ◽  
Michele Trotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

We report the results of a targeted testing strategy for five emerging infectious diseases (Chagas disease, human T-lymphotropic virus 1 infection, malaria, schistosomiasis, and Zika virus infection) in pregnant women accessing an Italian referral centre for infectious diseases in pregnancy for unrelated reasons. The strategy is based on a quick five-question questionnaire which allows the identification of pregnant women at risk who should be tested for a specific disease. One hundred and three (24%) out of 429 pregnant women evaluated in a 20 month period were at risk for at least one emerging infectious disease. Three (2.9%, all from sub-Saharan Africa) out of 103 at-risk women resulted in being affected (one case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, two cases of schistosomiasis) and were appropriately managed. Prevalence of emerging infectious disease was particularly high in pregnant women from Africa (three out of 25 pregnant women tested, 12%). The proposed strategy could be used by health care professionals managing pregnant women in non-endemic setting, to identify those at risk for one of the five infection which could benefit for a targeted test and treatment.

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