A revision of the genus Tamgrinia (Araneae : Amaurobiidae), with notes on amaurobiid spinnerets, tracheae and trichobothria

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Western China ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Original Female

The spider genus Tamgrinia Lehtinen, 1967 currently includes three species from western China and the East Sikkim region of India: T. alveolifer (Schenkel, 1936), T. laticeps (Schenkel, 1936), and T. chhanguensis (Tikader, 1970). In this paper, two additional species are recognised: T. coelotiformis (Schenkel, 1963), which is removed from the synonymy of T. laticeps, and T. tulugouensis, sp. nov. The species Amaurobius potanini Schenkel, 1963 is newly synonymised with T. laticeps rather than with T. alveolifer. Both males and females of T. laticeps are described. The original female of T. laticeps described by Schenkel in 1963 is shown to be a species of the coelotine genus Paracoelotes Brignoli, 1982. A key to the species is provided. The spinneret, tracheae, and trichobothria morphology of the family Amaurobiidae are also described using representatives of eight genera from four of the five amaurobiid subfamilies. The sister-group relationship between Tamgrinia and Taira Lehtinen, 1967, and the subfamilial placement of the genus Tamgrinia are questioned.

Comparative morphology of extant raptorial Mantispoidea (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Rhachiberothidae) suggests a non-monophyletic Mantispidae and a single origin of the raptorial condition within the superfamily

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4992 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-89
Author(s):  
ADRIAN ARDILA-CAMACHO ◽  
CALEB CALIFRE MARTINS ◽  
ULRIKE ASPÖCK ◽  
ATILANO CONTRERAS-RAMOS
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Family ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
New Interpretation

Adult external morphology of the extant raptorial Mantispoidea (Insecta: Neuroptera: Mantispidae and Rhachiberothidae) is compared emphasizing the morphology of the subfamily Symphrasinae as a key group to understand the phylogenetic relationships among the members of the superfamily. Plega dactylota Rehn, 1939 is thoroughly characterized in order to exemplify the morphology of the Symphrasinae. Additionally, following a review of the literature and examination of comparative material of Dilaridae, Berothidae, Rhachiberothidae and all Mantispidae subfamilies, a new interpretation of the components of the raptorial apparatus (i.e., head, prothorax, grasping forelegs, as well as integumentary specializations) is presented. Also, wing venation for these groups is reinterpreted, and new homology hypotheses for wing venation are proposed based on tracheation and comparative analyses. Given the high morphological divergence on the genital sclerites within the Mantispoidea, plus the confusing previous usage of neutral terminology and terms referring to appendages across taxonomic and morphological studies, we attempt to standardize, simplify, and situate terminology in an evolutionary context under the “gonocoxite concept” (multi-coxopod hypothesis). The remarkable morphological similarity of the genital sclerites of Symphrasinae and Rhachiberothidae (sensu U. Aspöck & Mansell 1994) with the Nallachinae (Dilaridae) was taken as a starting point to understand the morphology of other Mantispidae subfamilies. Based on these morphological comparisons, we provide a revised phylogenetic analysis of Mantispoidea. This new phylogenetic analysis supports a sister group relationship between the family Rhachiberothidae, comprising Rhachiberothinae and Symphrasinae, and the family Mantispidae, including the subfamily Mantispinae and its sister taxa Drepanicinae and Calomantispinae, which may represent a single subfamily. Based on these analyses, raptorial condition probably evolved a single time in these insects and subsequently became diversified in the two sister clades of the raptorial Mantispoidea.  

The circumscription and systematic position of Carpodetaceae

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats H. G. Gustafsson ◽  
Kåre Bremer
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Seed Structure ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rbcl Sequences

The genus Carpodetus from New Zealand, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands, traditionally has been included in the extremely heterogeneous Saxifragaceae sensu lato, but on account of morphological peculiarities it has sometimes been classified in its own family. On palynological grounds it has been suggested to belong near the Ericales. Parsimony analyses of matrices comprising rbcL sequences of 80 taxa sampled from the entire Asteridae and Rosidae provide support for a sister group relationship between Carpodetus and a clade comprising the closely related Australian genera Abrophyllum and Cuttsia, also formerly placed in Saxifragaceae sensu lato, but recently shown to belong within the order Asterales sensu lato. A morphological comparison between the three interrelated genera is provided. They have in common an indumentum of thick-walled unicellular hairs with warty cuticle, and are also uniform in wood anatomy as well as fruit and seed structure. It is proposed that the family Carpodetaceae be expanded to encompass Abrophyllum and Cuttsia.

Phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily Pyrgulinae (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) with emphasis on the genus Dianella Gude, 1913

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 891 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szarowska ◽  
Andrzej Falniowski ◽  
FRANK Riedel ◽  
Thomas Wilke
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Character Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anatomical Characters

The phylogenetic position of the subfamily Pyrgulinae within the superfamily Rissooidea has been discussed very controversially. Different data sets not only led to different evolutionary scenarios but also to different systematic classifications of the taxon. The present study uses detailed anatomical data for two pyrgulinid taxa, the type species of the subfamily, Pyrgula annulata (Linnaeus, 1767), and the type species of the little known genus Dianella, D. thiesseana (Kobelt, 1878), as well as DNA sequencing data of three gene fragments from representatives of eight rissooidean families to A) infer the phylogenetic position of Pyrgulinae with emphasis on its relationships within the family Hydrobiidae, B) to study the degree of concordance between anatomyand DNAbased phylogenies and C) to trace the evolution of anatomical characters along a multi-gene molecular phylogeny to find the anatomical characters that might be informative for future cladistic analyses. Both anatomical and molecular data sets indicate either a very close or even sister-group relationship of Pyrgulinae and Hydrobiinae. However, there are major conflicts between the two data sets on and above the family level. Notably, Hydrobiidae is not monophyletic in the anatomical analysis. The reconstruction of anatomical character evolution indicates that many of the characters on which the European hydrobioid taxonomy is primarily based upon are problematic. The inability to clearly separate some hydrobiids from other distinct families based on those characters might explain why until only a few years ago, "Hydrobiidae" was a collecting box for numerous rissooidean taxa (mostly species with shells small and lacking any characteristic features). The present study not only stresses the need for comprehensive molecular studies of rissooidean taxa, it also demonstrates that much of the problems surrounding anatomical analyses in rissooidean taxa are due to the lack of comprehensive data for many representatives. In order to aid future comparativeanatomical studies and a better understanding of character evolution in the species-rich family Hydrobiidae, detailed anatomical descriptions for P. annulata and D. thiesseana are provided.Key words: Pyrgulinae, Pyrgula, Dianella, Hydrobiidae, phylogeny, DNA, anatomy, Greece

Larvae and pupae of Dascillidae (Coleoptera): morphological study and discussion of their relationships to Scarabaeoidea and Eulichadidae

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarke Scholtz ◽  
Vasily Grebennikov
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
The Family ◽  
Late Instar

AbstractExternal morphology of late-instar larvae and pupae of the coleopteran family Dascillidae is revised. Larvae studied for Dascillus Latreille with two species from Europe and North America, Notodascillus Carter from Australia and Pleolobus Philippi from Chile; pupae studied for D. davidsoni LeConte. Larval diagnosis and description of the family are updated. Dascillid larvae exhibit little morphological variation and share eight apparently apomorphic characters. Widely accepted sister-group relationship between Dascillidae and Rhipiceridae is not supported with larval morphology because ectoparasitic larvae of Rhipiceridae are poorly known and apparently highly modified morphologically. The superfamily Scarabaeoidea is unlikely to be a close relative of Dascillidae since this hypothesis is based mainly on habitat-dependent convergences of soil-dwellers (grub-like body shape, reduced stemmata) or possible symplesiomorphic similarities. Ten similarities between larvae of Dascillidae and Eulichadidae (Dryopoidea) were found. Some of these are possibly synapomorphies of these two groups. Larval and pupal morphology of Dascillidae is illustrated by 26 drawings.

scholarly journals Restructuring the Ancorabolidae Sars (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) and Cletodidae T. Scott, with a new phylogenetic hypothesis regarding the relationships of the Laophontoidea T. Scott, Ancorabolidae and Cletodidae

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-498
Author(s):  
Kai Horst George
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Swimming Leg

Uncovering the systematics of CopepodaHarpacticoida, the second-most abundant component of the meiobenthos after Nematoda, is of major importance for any further research dedicated especially to ecological and biogeographical approaches. Based on the evolution of the podogennontan first swimming leg, a new phylogenetic concept of the Ancorabolidae Sars and Cletodidae T. Scott sensu Por (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) is presented, using morphological characteristics. It confirms the polyphyletic status of the Ancorabolidae and its subfamily Ancorabolinae Sars and the paraphyletic status of the subfamily Laophontodinae Lang. Moreover, it clarifies the phylogenetic relationships of the so far assigned members of the family. An exhaustive phylogenetic analysis was undertaken using 150 morphological characters, resulting in the establishment of a now well-justified monophylum Ancorabolidae. In that context, the Ancorabolus-lineage sensu Conroy-Dalton and Huys is elevated to sub-family rank. Furthermore, the membership of Ancorabolina George in a rearranged monophylum Laophontodinae is confirmed. Conversely, the Ceratonotus-group sensu Conroy-Dalton is transferred from the hitherto Ancorabolinae to the Cletodidae. Within these, the Ceratonotus-group and its hypothesised sister-group Cletodes Brady are combined to form a monophyletic subfamily Cletodinae T. Scott, subfam. nov. Consequently, it was necessary to restructure the Ancorabolidae, Ancorabolinae and Laophontodinae and extend the Cletodidae to include the displacement and exclusion of certain taxa. Moreover, comparison of the Ancorabolidae, Cletodidae, Laophontoidea and other Podogennonta shows that the Ancorabolidae and Cletodidae form sister-groups in a monophylum Cletodoidea Bowman and Abele, which similarly has a sister-group-relationship with the Laophontoidea T. Scott. According to the present study, both taxa constitute a derived monophylum within the Podogennonta Lang.

scholarly journals Molecular systematics of Haploginglymus, a genus of subterranean amphipods endemic to the Iberian Peninsula (Amphipoda: Niphargidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Jurado-Rivera ◽  
Genaro Álvarez ◽  
José A. Caro ◽  
Carlos Juan ◽  
Joan Pons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Molecular Systematics ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Ne Atlantic ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

The molecular systematics of the subterranean amphipod genus Haploginglymus is addressed through the phylogenetic analysis of three DNA gene fragments (nuclear ribosomal 28S and protein- coding Histone 3, plus mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I). We take advantage of the description of a new species from southern Spain (Haploginglymus geos sp. nov.) to assess the singularity of this genus endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and the inclusion of the morphologically aberrant H. morenoi within Haploginglymus. Our results corroborate the monophyly of the family Niphargidae but shows Niphargus to be paraphyletic as it currently stands, with Haploginglymus appearing nested within it. A strongly supported sister-group relationship between niphargids and the (thalassoid) pseudoniphargids is recovered as well, but we propose the Niphargidae should continue to be considered as a primary limnic group for biogeographic purposes despite its presumed marine derivation. Our findings are in agreement with previous studies that suggest the family Niphargidae originated in the late Cretaceous in the NE Atlantic, from where it eventually expanded across continental Europe.

A new species of Zangerlia (Testudines: Nanhsiungchelyidae) from the Upper Cretaceous redbeds at Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia, and the relationships of the genus

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Brinkman ◽  
Jiang-Hua Peng
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

Zangerlia neimongolensis sp.nov. is described on the basis of material from the Upper Cretaceous redbeds at Bayan Mandahu in Inner Mongolia. Zangerlia neimongolensis is similar to Zangerlia testudinimorpha in the proportions of the carapace and plastron and presence of a knob at the posterior end of the neural series, but differs from it in the arrangement of scutes covering the bridge. The placement of Zangerlia in the Nanhsiungchelyidae is supported by derived features of the bridge peripherals and plastral scutes shared by Z. neimongolensis, Basilemys, and Nanhsiungchelys. These are the presence of ventrally expanded sixth inframarginal scutes, humeral scutes that are narrow at the midline and expanded laterally, pectoral scutes that are wide at the midline and narrow laterally, and large rectangular abdominal scutes. The skull of Zangerlia is more primitive than that of Nanhsiungchelys, the only other member of the family for which a skull is known. It shows extensive emargination of the temporal and cheek regions and the absence of a large, tubular external narial opening. A cladistic analysis of the Trionychoidea using Zangerlia as the representative of the Nanhsiungchelyidae suggests a sister-group relationship between the Nanhsiungchelyidae and Adocidae.

Phylogeny, evolution and systematic revision of the mite harvestman family Neogoveidae (Opiliones Cyphophthalmi)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia R. Benavides ◽  
Gustavo Hormiga ◽  
Gonzalo Giribet
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Usa

Mite harvestmen of the family Neogoveidae have a tropical trans-Atlantic distribution with representatives in equatorial West Africa and the Neotropics, specifically in the south-east region of the USA and in northern South America, being conspicuously absent from Central America. We provide a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the family including representatives of all genera but the monotypic Tucanogovea Karaman, 2013, and new information on the type species described by Jochen Martens in 1969 that were unavailable for molecular study until now: Brasiliogovea microphaga, Metagovea oviformis and ‘? Gen. enigmaticus’. Additionally, we revisit the somatic and male genitalic morphology of representatives of all genera by means of scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and describe the new genera Leggogovia Benavides & Giribet, gen. nov., Microgovia Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, gen. nov., Waiwaigovia Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, gen. nov. and 13 new species: Brasiliogovea aphantostylus Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Brasiliogovea microstylus Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Brasiliogovea yacambuensis Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Metagovea matapi Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Metagovea planada Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Microgovia chenepau Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Neogovea branstetteri Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Neogovea enigmatica Martens, sp. nov., Neogovea matawai Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Parogovia montealensis Benavides & Giribet, sp. nov., Parogovia prietoi Benavides & Giribet, sp. nov., Parogovia putnami Benavides & Giribet, sp. nov. and Waiwaigovia schultzi Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses based on maximum likelihood, parsimony and Bayesian inference support the monophyly of Neogoveidae and a sister group relationship of Neogoveidae + Ogoveidae with Troglosironidae (a clade named Sternophthalmi). Relationships among neogoveid genera are largely congruent between methods as follows: ((Leggogovia gen. nov., Metasiro), (Parogovia, ((Canga, Microgovia gen. nov.), ((Brasiliogovea, Neogovea), (Huitaca, (Waiwaigovia gen. nov., Metagovea)))))). In light of our results, the following taxonomic changes are proposed: Metagovea oviformis Martens, 1969 is transferred to Microgovia, gen. nov.; Parogovia pabsgarnoni Legg, 1990 is transferred to Leggogovia, gen. nov.; ‘? Gen. enigmaticus Martens, 1969’ is an invalid name according to the ICZN; the corresponding taxon is redescribed and formally named as Neogovea enigmatica Martens, sp. nov.

A revision of Frutillaria Richards and Penola Richards (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Archiborborinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2863 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOEL H. KITS ◽  
STEPHEN A. MARSHALL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Males And Females

The South American brachypterous genera Frutillaria Richards and Penola Richards (Sphaeroceridae: Archiborborinae rev. stat.) are revised. Seventeen species of Frutillaria are described or redescribed, including the following nine new species from Chile: Frutillaria abdita, F. anticura, F. calida, F. chiloensis, F. contulmo, F. furcata, F. glabra, F. richardsi, and F. transversa. Two additional species currently known only from females are also diagnosed, but not named. Penola eudyptidis Richards from the Falkland Islands, the only species included in Penola, is recognized as the sister-group to Frutillaria and redescribed from both sexes. Keys are provided for all known males and females.

Larval Sphindidae (Coleoptera : Cucujoidea): phylogenetic implications and new descriptions

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Chiao ◽  
Joseph V. McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Length Difference ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
First Time

A new phylogenetic hypothesis of Sphindidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea) ispresented, based on a cladistic analysis of 15 larval morphology characters inaddition to 39 adult morphology characters modified from a previous study by McHugh (1993). Results from the combined cladistic analyses show larval characters supporting several previously established relationships and resolving the placement of Notosphindus McHugh & Wheeler. The sister-group relationship betweenCarinisphindus McHugh and SphindusMegerle in Dejean is not supported by the combined analyses. Larval charactersdid not show a disproportionately strong impact on the more basal nodes.Incongruence length difference analysis found an insignificant level ofdiscordance (P = 0.197) between the adult andlarval based data sets. Larval Notosphindus slateriMcHugh & Wheeler, Genisphindus minor McHugh andCarinisphindus purpuricephalus McHugh & Lewis aredescribed for the first time, representing the first larval descriptions forthese genera. A literature review of immature stages of sphindid beetles and ageneric level key to larvae of the family are provided.

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