Genetic characterisation and taxonomy of species of Anisakis (Nematoda:Anisakidae) parasitic in Australian marine mammals

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shokoofeh Shamsi ◽  
Robin Gasser ◽  
Ian Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
Delphinus Delphis ◽  
The World ◽  
Morphological Approach ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kogia Sima ◽  
Anisakid Nematodes

Three species of Anisakis from Australian marine mammals, including Anisakis brevispiculata, A. simplex C and A. pegreffii, are described and characterised genetically on the basis of sequence data for the first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of nuclear rDNA. Parasite specimens were collected from Delphinus delphis, Tursiops truntatus and Kogia sima in Australia. A. brevispiculata is reported for the first time in Australia. However, analyses of sequence data suggests that A. brevispiculata in Australia is genetically distinct from specimens considered to represent the same species from other parts of the world. Fourth larval and adult stages of A. pegreffii were found in dolphins. Assigning larvae to A. pegreffii was based on the ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences. A description of these larvae also is provided. Furthermore, fourth-stage larvae of A. simplex C were found in Kogia sima. Alignments of ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences for members of A. simplex sensu lato revealed that nucleotide differences in ITS-1 can be used to differentiate among members of A. simplex sensu lato. This study reinforces the use of a combined molecular and morphological approach for the specific identification of anisakid nematodes.

SSCP-based identification of members within the Pseudoterranova decipiens complex (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea: Anisakidae) using genetic markers in the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Q. ZHU ◽  
S. D'AMELIO ◽  
H. W. PALM ◽  
L. PAGGI ◽  
M. GEORGE-NASCIMENTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Pseudoterranova Decipiens ◽  
Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Anisakid Nematodes

The anisakid nematodes morphologically corresponding with Pseudoterranova decipiens sensu lato (s.l.) (Krabbe, 1878) from different seal or sea lion hosts and geographical origins, previously identified as Pseudoterranova krabbei, P. decipiens (s.s.), P. bulbosa, P. azarasi and P. cattani by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, were characterized using a DNA approach. Also a population of P. decipiens (s.l.) from Chaenocephalus aceratus, the blackfin icefish, from Antarctica and another from Osmerus eperlanus, the European smelt, from Germany were included in the study. The first (ITS-1) and second (ITS-2) internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were amplified by PCR from individual nematodes and analysed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), followed by selective sequencing. While no variation in single-stranded ITS-1 and ITS-2 profiles was detected among samples representing each of the species or populations (with the exception of slight microheterogeneity), SSCP analysis of the ITS-2 amplicons allowed the unequivocal differentiation of all of the 5 sibling species of P. decipiens (s.l.) examined, which was supported by sequence differences in ITS rDNA. Samples representing the P. decipiens (s.l.) population from O. eperlanus had the same SSCP profile as those of P. decipiens (s.s.), which was supported by a lack of nucleotide difference in the ITS between them, suggesting that the former represented P. decipiens (s.s.). Based on SSCP results and ITS sequence data, P. decipiens (s.l.) from C. aceratus was genetically most distinct with respect to all other members of Pseudoterranova examined, which indicated that it may represent P. decipiens E (based on geographical origin) or a distinct species. These findings and the molecular approach taken should have important implications for studying the life-cycles, transmission patterns, epidemiology and population genetics of these anisakid nematodes, and the diagnosis of their infections.

Genetic variation within species of the nematode genus Cloacina (Strongyloidea:Cloacininae) parasitic in the stomachs of rock wallabies, Petrogale spp. (Marsupialia:Macropodidae) in Queensland

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil B. Chilton ◽  
Florence Huby-Chilton ◽  
Peter M. Johnson ◽  
Ian Beveridge ◽  
Robin B. Gasser
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
First Time

Four morphospecies of Cloacina, parasitic nematodes in the stomachs of rock wallabies (Petrogale spp.) from Queensland, were compared genetically using sequence data of the two internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The results suggest that two geographically isolated populations of C. ernabella from P. purpureicollis were genetically distinct. Based on the autapomorphic species concept, these two C. ernabella populations represented different species. For the three other nematode morphospecies, there were genetic differences among individuals of a morphospecies present in different species of host. The results suggest that each may represent a complex of sibling species, with a different species present in each species of rock wallaby examined for that morphospecies. In the C. caenis and C. pearsoni complexes, the lineage present in P. purpureicollis from western Queensland represents a sister taxon to those in the P. pencillata complex from the east coast. In the C. robertsi complex, the taxon parasitic in P. persephone represents the sister taxon to those in the P. pencillata complex and in P. purpureicollis. C. robertsi was found for the first time in P. purpureicollis from Winton in central Queensland, suggesting contact in the recent past between populations of P. purpureicollis and a member of the P. penicillata complex.

Phylogenetic relationships in the Mediterranean Helichrysum (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) based on nuclear rDNA ITS sequence data

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Galbany-Casals ◽  
N. Garcia-Jacas ◽  
A. Susanna ◽  
L. Sáez ◽  
C. Benedí
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
Generic Delimitation ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Sectional Classification

The internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 of the nuclear rDNA were sequenced for 41 Helichrysum species (Gnaphalieae), focusing on the Mediterranean group of species, together with eight representatives of other genera of the Gnaphalieae, in order to check the hypothesised monophyly of the Mediterranean Helichrysum group and the correspondence of the sequence data with its traditional sectional classification. The cladistic analysis of sequence data supports monophyly of the Mediterranean Helichrysum excluding H. frigidum and H. montelinasanum. The traditional classification of the Mediterranean species into two sections, Helichrysum and Virginea, is not supported, whereas a group constituted by species from the west Mediterranean area is shown as a moderately supported monophyletic clade in the strict consensus tree. Other results also show and confirm the complexity, still not satisfactorily resolved, of the Helichrysum generic delimitation: Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum appears merged in Helichrysum whereas Helichrysum dasyanthum appears more related to Anaxeton laeve than to any Helichrysum species.

A morpho-molecular re-appraisal of Polystigma fulvum and P. rubrum (Polystigma, Polystigmataceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 422 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-224
Author(s):  
DIGVIJAYINI BUNDHUN ◽  
RAJESH JEEWON ◽  
MONIKA C. DAYARATHNE ◽  
TIMUR S. BULGAKOV ◽  
ALEXANDER K. KHRAMTSOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Conidiogenous Cell ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
Asexual Morph ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Sexual Morph ◽  
First Time

Collections of eleven Prunus specimens infected with Polystigma species from Belarus and Russia yielded two existing taxa: Polystigma fulvum (sexual morph) and Polystigma rubrum (asexual morph). DNA based phylogenies of large subunit nuclear rDNA (LSU) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) are provided for the first time for Polystigma fulvum and its placement is confirmed within Polystigmataceae. The concatenated LSU and ITS DNA sequence data for P. rubrum, analyzed to infer its potential relationship to other Polystigma species, also show that strains of P. rubrum are segregated into two subclades with sufficient genetic differences. No significant differences in morphology or morphometry among the strains of P. rubrum between the two subclades, especially vis-à-vis the conidiogenous cell and conidium sizes are observed (P>0.05). Subspecies concept of P. rubrum complex is discussed.

Evidence of a predation event on a tagged Mediterranean spearfish (Tetrapturus belone; Pisces, Istiophoridae), inferred from pop-up satellite tagging data

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Danilo Malara ◽  
Pietro Battaglia ◽  
Pierpaolo Consoli ◽  
Erika Arcadi ◽  
Simonepietro Canese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Pelagic Species ◽  
Archival Tag ◽  
Abiotic Parameters ◽  
Predation Event ◽  
Satellite Tagging ◽  
First Time

The Strait of Messina is located at the centre of the Mediterranean Sea and is considered a biodiversity hotspot and an obligatory seasonal passage for different pelagic species such as sharks, marine mammals, and billfishes. For the first time, in the Strait of Messina, our research group tagged a Mediterranean spearfish (Tetrapturus belone) using a pop-up satellite archival tag (PSAT). The observation of abiotic parameters (depth, light, and temperature) recorded by the PSAT confirmed that the tagged specimen was predated after about nine hours. The tag was then regurgitated 14 days after the tag deployment date. The analysis of collected data seems to indicate that the predator may be an ectothermic shark, most likely the bluntnose sixgill shark (Hexanchus griseus).

SEROPREVALENCE OF HIV AND HBsAg AMONGST BLOOD DONORS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, CHHATTISGARH.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha P ◽  
Bankar Nandkishor J ◽  
Karan Jain ◽  
Ramdas Brahmane ◽  
Dhrubha Hari Chandi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

INTRODUCTION: India being the second highly populated nation in the world. HIV/AIDS has acquired pandemic proportion in the world. Estimate by WHO for current infection rate in Asia. India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. HIV prevalence in the age group 15-49 yrs was an estimate of 0.2%. India has been classified as an intermediate in the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) endemic (HBsAg carriage 2-7%) zone with the second largest global pool of chronic HBV infections. Safety assessment of the blood supply, the quality of screening measures and the risk of transfusion transmitted infectious diseases (TTIs) in any country can be estimated by scrutinizing the files of blood donors. After the introduction of the blood banks and improved storage facilities, it became more extensively used. Blood is one of the major sources of TTIs like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis, and many other blood borne diseases. Disclosure of these threats brought a dramatic change in attitude of physicians and patients about blood transfusion. The objective of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infections amidst voluntary blood donors at a rural tertiary healthcare teaching hospital in Chhattisgarh. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out in Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College, Kachandur, Durg. Blood donors were volunteers, or and commercial donors who donated the blood and paid by patients, their families, or friends to replace blood used or expected to be used for patients from the blood bank of the hospital. After proper donation of blood routine screening of blood was carried out according to standard protocol. Laboratory diagnosis of HIV 1 and HIV 2 was carried out by ELISA test. Hepatitis B surface antigen was screened by using ELISA. RESULTS: A total of 1915 consecutive blood donors’ sera were screened at Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College, blood bank during study period. Of these 1914 were male and 1 female. The mean age of patients was found to be 29.34 years with standard deviation (SD) of 11.65 Years. Among all blood donors in present study, 759(39.63%) were first time donors and 1156(60.37%) were repeated donors. 1 patient was HIV positive in first donation group while 3 (75%) were positive in repeat donation group. 7 (38.9%) were HBsAg positive in in first donation group while 11(61.1%) were positive in repeat donation group. Two patients in first donation group had dual infection of HIV and HBsAg. CONCLUSION: Seropositivity was high in repeated donors as compared to first time donors. The incidence of HIV is observed to be 0.2% and that of HBsAg is 0.94%. Strict selection of blood donors should be done to avoid transfusion-transmissible infections during the window period.

First report of Rinamba opacicollis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Doryctinae) in India as parasitoid of coffee stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-314
Author(s):  
A. Roobakkumar ◽  
H.G. Seetharama ◽  
P. Krishna Reddy ◽  
M.S. Uma ◽  
A. P. Ranjith
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Control ◽  
Host Record ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
First Report ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

Rinamba opacicollis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was collected from Chikkamagaluru, Karnataka, India for the first time from the larvae of white stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat infesting arabica coffee. Its role in the biological or integrated control of X. quadripes remains to be evaluated. White stem borer could be the first host record of this parasitoid all over the world.

PERSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD PRODUCTION OF FEEDS FOR AQUACULTURE: ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Lina Yurievna Lagutkina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
World Industry ◽  
First Time ◽  
A Current

The author of the article discloses the prospects of development of the world feed production for aquaculture based on the analysis of key innovative technological and market trends. The author specifies that shortage, high cost, low ecological compatibility of traditional raw materials - fish flour - are among major limiting factors in the development of production of feeds for aquaculture. This fact, in turn, limits sustainable development of aquaculture both in Russia, and in the world in general. The article presents the overview of a current status of the world industry of feed production in aquaculture, where the regional situation is studied, as well. For the first time, there is given the outlook of innovative technologies in feed production based on the alternative sources of protein (on the example of projects of leading aquabiotechnological companies) which will determine industry’s objectives for the mid-term perspective.

History Turmoil And Politico-Cultural Conditions of the Sub-Continental Men In Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Gunasekaran N ◽  
Bhuvaneshwari S
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Salman Rushdie ◽  
Fiction Writing ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Midnight's Children ◽  
First Time

Salman Rushdie remains a major Indian writer in English. His birth coincides with the birth of a new modern nation on August 15, 1947. He has been justly labelled by the critics as a post-colonial writer who knows his trade well. His second novel Midnight’s Children was published in 1981 and it raised a storm in the hitherto middle class world of fiction writing both in English and in vernaculars. Rushdie for the first time burst into the world of fiction with subversive themes like impurity, illegitimacy, plurality and hybridity. He understands that a civilization called India may be profitably understood as a dream, a collage of many colours, a blending of cultures and nationalities, a pluralistic society and in no way unitary.

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