Larvae of the genus Antiporus (Coleoptera : Dytiscidae) and phylogenetic implications

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Alarie ◽  
Chris H. S. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Monophyletic Origin ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications

The larvae of Antiporus blakeii (Clark), A. femoralis (Boheman), A. gilbertii (Clark), A. hollingsworthi Watts, A. jenniferae Watts, A. uncifer Sharp and A. willyamsi Watts are described with an emphasis on chaetotaxy of the head capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. A parsimony analysis based on 17 informative larval characteristics was conducted using the program PAUP*. The 11 most parsimonious trees support a monophyletic origin of the genera Antiporus Sharp, Nebrioporus Régimbart, Scarodytes Gozis, and Stictotarsus Zimmermann. Unambiguous synapomorphies supporting this clade are the presence of natatory setae on the femur, tibia and tarsus and the presence of a very elongate urogomphomere 1. It is postulated that these features evolved as swimming devices. The genus Oreodytes Seidlitz is postulated to represent the sister-taxon of Antiporus + Nebrioporus + Stictotarsus + Scarodytes and this clade is characterised by the absence of the maxillary cardo and insertion of the primary seta MX1 on the maxillary stipes.

Re-descriptions of larvae of Hoperius and Meladema and phylogenetic implications for the tribe Colymbetini (Coleoptera Dytiscidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Alarie ◽  
Samantha Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Maxillary Palpus ◽  
Dorsal Margin ◽  
Ventral Margin ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Segment Viii

New descriptions of the larvae of <em>Meladema lanio</em> (Fabricius), <em>M</em>. <em>coriacea</em> Laporte and <em>Hoperius planatus </em>Fall are provided. Characters from larval morphology are analyzed to infer the phylogenetic relationships of the genera <em>Meladema</em> Laporte and <em>Hoperius</em> Fall with other genera of the tribe Colymbetini (Colymbetinae). Larvae of <em>Meladema</em> are unique among other Colymbetini being characterized by the presence of a variable number of additional setae along the dorsal margin of both femora and tibiae. Larvae of <em>Hoperius</em> reveal to be remarkably modified and autapomorphic being characterized by a short antennomere II, the presence of a variable number of secondary setae on antennomeres I - II and maxillary palpomere, an elongate maxillary palpus, and a narrow and elongate mandible. A parsimony analysis based on 30 informative larval characters is carried out. Whereas the 12 most parsimonious trees support the placement of <em>Meladema</em> as sister to <em>Neoscutopterus</em> J. Balfour-Browne, the relative position of Hoperius remains unresolved within the Colymbetini. Larvae of <em>Meladema</em> share with those of <em>Neoscutopterus</em>: (i) the presence of additional setae both on the frontoclypeus and parietale, (ii) the presence of a large number of secondary setae on trochantera, (iii) the absence of spinulae along ventral margin of mesotibia and mesotarsus and (iv) the presence of additional setae both on abdominal segment VIII.

Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2274 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVES ALARIE ◽  
MARIANO C. MICHAT ◽  
CHRIS H. S. WATTS
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Relative Elongation ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Labial Palpus ◽  
Monophyletic Origin ◽  
Large Head ◽  
The Common

The larvae of 13 species (six epigaeic and seven hypogaeic) of the Australian endemic genus Paroster Sharp, 1882 are described with an emphasis on chaetotaxy of the head capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. A cladistic analysis of 41 Hydroporinae species and 63 informative characters supports a monophyletic origin of members of Paroster, which share a labial palpus comprised of three palpomeres and the absence of the primary seta FE7. Contrary to their epigaeic counterparts, larvae of hypogaeic Paroster species have turned out to be very divergent morphologically. In addition to the common characteristics associated with hypogaeic living (i.e., absence of eye, reduced pigmentation, and thin or soft exoskeleton), larvae of these species have undergone a relative elongation/ enlargement of the head capsule and a more elongate and narrower mandible and have developed a variable number of secondary temporal spines. Compared to the other stygobitic species studied, larvae of Paroster hinzeae (Watts & Humphreys, 2001), P. macrosturtensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2006), P. stegastos (Watts & Humphreys, 2003) and P. darlotensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2003) evolved a disproportionately large head capsule relative to body size. Larvae of P. wedgeensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2003) and P. mesosturtensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2006) are deemed to have deviated the least from the hypothetical epigaeic Paroster groundplan.

Larval morphology of the tribe Matini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Colymbetinae): descriptions of Batrachomatus daemeli, Matus bicarinatus, and Allomatus nannup and phylogenetic relationships

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Alarie ◽  
Chris H.S. Watts ◽  
Anders N. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Monophyletic Origin ◽  
First Instar

AbstractDescriptions are presented of larval instars of three species of the colymbetine tribe Matini Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), Batrachomatus daemeli (Sharp), Matus bicarinatus (Say), and Allomatus nannup Watts, including a chaetotaxic and porotaxic analysis of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphi. A parsimony analysis based on 32 informative larval characteristics was conducted with the computer program NONA. Members of the Matini are postulated to share a monophyletic origin based on (i) seta TR2 articulated anteroventroproximally on the trochanter; (ii) seta TR5 elongate on the metatrochanter; (iii) seta TA1 elongate and inserted proximally on the tarsus; (iv) antenomere III with a hole-like ventroapical spinula; (v) prementum with the primary setae LA2, LA3, LA4, LA5, and LA8 spine-like and elongate; (vi) presence of secondary setae on the cephalic appendages; and (vii) presence of additional primary setae on the last abdominal segment. A clade Matini + Colymbetini is postulated based on (i) metafemoral seta FE5; (ii) metafemoral seta FE6; (iii) seta TI6 on tibia, all elongate and hair-like; (iv) one-segmented urogomphus; (v) presence of an occipital suture in first instar; (vi) galea elongate; (vii) presence of natatory setae on legs; and (viii) presence of secondary setae on the urogomphus.

Re-description of larvae of Chostonectes nebulosus (Macleay, 1871) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae, Hydroporini, Sternopriscina) with an identification key to the known larvae of Chostonectes Sharp, 1882

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4718 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-446
Author(s):  
EDWARD TSYRLIN ◽  
MELISSA CAREW ◽  
YVES ALARIE
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
First Time

The second and third larval instars of the Australian endemic dytiscid Chostonectes nebulosus (Macleay, 1871) are described and illustrated for the first time including a detailed chaetotaxic analysis of head capsule and appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. Collected larvae were successfully associated with adults using rearing and a molecular approach. The identification key and COI barcodes for C. nebulosus, C. gigas (Boheman, 1858) and C. johnsonii (Clark, 1862) are provided. 

New information on the eggshell of ratites (Aves) and its phylogenetic implications

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 962-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darla K Zelenitsky ◽  
Sean P Modesto
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
New Information ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Skeletal Analysis ◽  
Large Living

A reappraisal of the eggshell of ratites clarifies aspects of its microstructure and ultrastructure. The phylogenetic usefulness of the eggshell data, consisting of discrete characters, is assessed using eggshell characters alone and by adding the eggshell characters to a data matrix from the literature based on skeletal characters. The resultant tree from the eggshell data alone yields Apteryx as the most basal ratite, dinornithids as the sister taxon of a clade of large living ratites, with Casuarius and Dromaius in a sister-group relationship. The combined eggshell and skeletal analysis revealed most groupings within Ratitae that were based on previous cladistic analysis of the skeletal characters alone, but also supports two equally parsimonious topologies: one identifies Dinornithidae and Apteryx as a clade at the base of Ratitae, and the other identifies Apteryx as the sister taxon of a clade consisting of all the other ratites. It is determined that the characteristics used to define the improperly named "ratite morphotype" in the current eggshell parataxonomy are not synapomorphies of the eggshell of Ratitae. An expanded cladistic analysis of the eggshells of avian and non-avian theropods is required to determine the phylogenetic usefulness of the characteristics of the ratite morphotype.

Larval morphology of Rhantus Dejean, 1833 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Colymbetinae): descriptions of 22 species and phylogenetic considerations

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2317 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVES ALARIE ◽  
MARIANO C. MICHAT ◽  
ANDERS N. NILSSON ◽  
MIGUEL ARCHANGELSKY ◽  
LARS HENDRICH
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Consensus Trees ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Distinct Lineage ◽  
Similar Character ◽  
Phylogenetic Origin

Descriptions of larval instars of 22 species of Rhantus Dejean, 1833 are presented including a detailed chaetotaxic analysis of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. A parsimony analysis including 25 Rhantus species (the 22 species described in this paper + 3 additional ones) from all major zoogeographic regions and representatives of other Colymbetini genera was conducted using the program TNT based on 43 informative larval characteristics. Jackknife values indicate strong support for the monophyly of members of the tribe Colymbetini (Colymbetinae), which is supported by eight synapomorphies. It is postulated that Rhantus is polyphyletic as Rhantus (Nartus) grapii (Gyllenhal, 1908) and R. monteithi Balke, Wewalka, Alarie & Ribera, 2007 occur as more closely related phylogenetically to other genera of the tribe Colymbetini than to the Rhantus species studied. We suggest that the Neotropical species R. orbignyi Balke, 1992, R. antarcticus nahueli Trémouilles, 1984, R. calidus (Fabricius, 1792) and R. validus Sharp, 1882 represent a distinct lineage within the Colymbetini. All these species diverge at the basis of the strict consensus trees prior to all other Colymbetini studied and are characterized by several unique larval character states. Larvae of Palearctic and Nearctic species of Rhantus were found to share similar character states, which is suggestive of a common phylogenetic origin.

The skull of Nimbacinus dicksoni (Thylacinidae : Marsupialia)

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wroe ◽  
A. Musser
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Recent Attempt ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Material

The exceptionally well preserved skull and mandible of the Miocene thylacinid Nimbacinus dicksoni is described. Phylogenetic analysis supports the contention that, within the family, the dentition of N. dicksoni is unspecialised, less derived than the recent Thylacinus cynocephalus for at least 12 features. However, relatively few cranial specialisations evident in T. cynocephalus clearly distinguish it from N. dicksoni. These two taxa share at least three derived cranial features not present in the most generalised thylacinid known from significant cranial material, the late Oligocene Badjcinus turnbulli. On the other hand, where comparison is possible, even the most specialised thylacinid, T. cynocephalus, is plesiomorphic for at least 10 cranial features common to modern dasyurids and five present in the Miocene dasyurid, Barinya wangala. Two character states found in thylacinids are more derived than in B. wangala. Relative to the remaining dasyuromorphian family, Myrmecobiidae, represented by the monotypic Myrmecobius fasciatus, thylacinids are derived for five cranial features and plesiomorphic for five. It appears that despite considerable anatomical diversity among the dentitia of thylacinids and the presence of many highly specialised dental features in some species, the crania of thylacinids have remained remarkably conservative. Even with respect to dentitia, in terms of overall similarity, the Miocene Thylacinus macknessiand late Oligocene material referred to Thylacinus does not differ greatly from the recently extinct T. cynocephalus. It now also seems probable that T. macknessi was also very similar to T. cynocephalus with respect to cranial anatomy. Numerical parsimony analysis incorporating this new material produced moderate bootstrap and Bremer support for a monophyletic Thylacinidae. In this same treatment strict consensus placed Myrmecobius fasciatus as the sister taxon to Thylacinidae–Dasyuridae, but bootstrap and Bremer support was lacking. Both of these results are contra those of the most recent attempt to resolve dasyuromorphian relationships using numerical parsimony and anatomical data. In the present analysis, the early Eocene Australian taxon, Djarthia murgonensis, fell outside a clade inclusive of all other Australian taxa and was monophyletic with the borhyaeniod, Mayulestes ferox. This latter relationship is based on limited material, poorly supported and considered highly unlikely, but it does strengthen the argument that formal placement of D. murgonensis beyond the level of Marsupialia incertae sedisis unwarranted at present.

Larval morphology of four genera of Laccophilinae (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscidae) with an analysis of their phylogenetic relationships

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris H.S. Watts ◽  
Anders N. Nilsson ◽  
Michael Balke ◽  
Lars Hendrich ◽  
Yves Alarie
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Larval Instars

AbstractDescriptions of the larval instars of four genera (12 species) of the dytiscid subfamily Laccophilinae, Laccophilus Leach, Neptosternus Sharp, Australphilus Watts and Africophilus Guignot, are presented including a detailed chaetotaxic and porotaxic analysis of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. A parsimony analysis, based on the 13 informative larval characteristics was conducted with Hennig86. The genus Africophilus is postulated to represent the sister-group of a clade comprised of Laccophilus + (Neptosternus + Australphilus) which is supported by, (i) primary seta CO7 articulated proximally on all legs, (ii) presence of natatory setae, (iii) metatibia + metatarsus very elongated, and (iv) elongated urogomphi.

Larval head morphology of Phycosecis litoralis (Pascoe) (Coleoptera : Phycosecidae) with phylogenetic implications

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf G. Beutel ◽  
Darren A. Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Secondary Loss ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Head Morphology ◽  
Paraphyletic Assemblage

The larval head of a Phycosecis species is described and illustrated. Characters are compared to those found in larvae of other groups of Cucujiformia. Monophyly of all cleroid families examined is supported by several apomorphic features at least partly correlated with predacious habits: antennae directed anteriad, absence of the mandibular mola, presence of a pedunculate seta on the mala, presence of a median endocarina, origin of antennal muscles exclusively from the head capsule, and presence of a weakly pigmented, parallel-sided gular plate. A possible apomorphy of Cleroidea excluding Phloiophilidae is the parallel-sided, prognathous head. A sister-group relationship between Phycosecidae and Melyridae is supported by the presence of a plumose lacinia mobilis and secondary loss of the median endocarina. A monophylum comprising Cleridae + Chaetosomatidae is characterised by a strongly elongated, sclerotised larval gula, the strongly protracted position of the ventral mouthparts, and a cardo as long as or longer than the stipes. Monophyly of Trogossitidae is only weakly supported. Several apomorphies indicate a sister-group relationship between Cleroidea and Nitidulidae. These two taxa are characterised by a fully developed maxillolabial complex, an elongated prepharyngeal tube, and tergal sclerotisation restricted to the prothorax and tergite IX. A tentorial bridge completely separated from the remaining tentorium, and a maxillolabial complex with partly restricted motility of the maxilla are shared derived features of larvae of Cleroidea, Nitidulidae, Coccinellidae and Endomychidae. An unusual attachment of a part of the tentoriostipital muscle to the floor of the prepharyngeal tube is found in all cleroid and cucujoid larvae examined. Cleroidea are a well-defined monophyletic group and may form a monophylum together with a paraphyletic assemblage of Cucujoidea. A close relationship between Cleroidea and Lymexylidae is refuted.

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