A penguin-chewing louse (Insecta : Phthiraptera) phylogeny derived from morphology

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. Banks ◽  
Adrian M. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
Chewing Louse ◽  
Chewing Lice ◽  
Switching Event ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Louse Species

Penguins are parasitised by 15 species of lice in the genera Austrogoniodes and Nesiotinus and present an opportunity to analyse phylogenetic relationships of two complete genera of chewing lice parasitising a monophyletic group of hosts. Taxonomy of penguin lice has been revised several times, including the erection of the genus Cesareus to contain some of the penguin-chewing louse species. Additionally, other groups of species within Austrogoniodes have been proposed. We constructed a phylogeny for all the chewing lice parasitising penguins from 46 parsimony-informative morphological characters and found support for two groups within Austrogoniodes, but little support for the Cesareus genus. Austrogoniodes metoecus, the only Austrogoniodes species parasitising a bird other than a penguin, was basal in the phylogeny, which suggests that if A. metoecus did originate from a louse species parasitising penguins, the host-switching event was unlikely to have been recent. A�superficial comparison of louse and penguin phylogenies identified some potential instances of co-speciation. However, a full analysis of co-phylogenetic relationships between penguins and their lice awaits the publication of a better-resolved penguin phylogeny.

Phylogeny of Palaearctic Pharyngodonidae parasite species of Testudinidae: a morphological approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1885-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Bouamer ◽  
Serge Morand
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Morphological Approach ◽  
Species Descriptions

The phylogenetic relationships of 23 oxyurid species from five genera (21 parasite species of the Palaearctic Testudinidae, 1 parasite species of Uromastix acanthinurus Bell, 1825 from Algeria, and 1 parasite species of Cteno sa ura pectinata (Wiegmann, 1834) from Mexico) were investigated using 30 morphological characters obtained from species descriptions. The nonweighted analysis produced one shortest tree. All species of the ingroup form a monophyletic group and the oxyurid species of Testudinidae form a monophyletic group. The type species of the genus Alaeuris Thapar, 1925 is the basal member of the species parasitizing Testudinidae. The analysis confirms the monophyly of the genus Thaparia Ortlepp, 1933, whereas the genera Mehdiella Seurat, 1918 and Tachygonetria Wedl, 1862 are considered paraphyletic groups. The large diversification in the genus Tachygonetria is linked to their position in the host caecum. The ancestral state is in the paramucous and the derived state is in the centre of the caecum. This suggests that recent speciation in the group occurs in the centre of the caecum.

Phylogenetic relationships of Ibervillea and Tumamoca (Coniandreae, Cucurbitaceae), two genera of the dry lands of North America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Rafael Lira ◽  
Victoria Sosa ◽  
Talitha Legaspi ◽  
Patricia Dávila
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Priority Rule ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

We examine the limits and phylogenetic relationships of Ibervillea and Tumamoca belonging to tribe Coniandreae in the Cucurbitaceae. These taxa are found in xeric areas from southern United States to Guatemala. There has been no previous phylogenetic studies considering all their taxa together, just partially. Furthermore, we include as well species of Dieterlea, another similar and sympatric genus which recognition is under debate, formerly considered as a synonym of Ibervillea. Using molecular and morphological characters we performed molecular and total evidence parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Our results confirm that species in Ibervillea and Dieterlea are part of a monophyletic group, supporting the integration of both genera as proposed in previous phylogenetic and taxonomic studies. By examining all the species of the three genera, our results are the first to suggest that Tumamoca is also part of this monophyletic group. Therefore we propose that the species of Ibervillea, Dieterlea, and one species of Tumamoca should be included into the same genus. According to the priority rule, Ibervillea is the name to be used. Tumamoca macdougalli needs to be transferred to Ibervillea and the combination is made here. We suggest that the second species in Tumamoca, T. mucronata, known by a single specimen that is lost, does not deserve recognition.

Phylogeny Inferred From Allozymes in the Heterodoxus-Octoseriatus Group of Species (Phthiraptera, Boopiidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Barker ◽  
DA Briscoe ◽  
RL Close
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Host Parasite

Phenetic and phylogenetic relationships in the Heterodoxus octoseriatus group of species were explored with data from 21 putative allozyme loci. The phenetic analyses and some of the cladistic analyses (maximum parsimony) were consistent with a phenetic analysis of morphological characters in that they indicated two main lines of evolution in the H. octoseriatus group. These culminated in two groups of species: (i) H. harrisoni, H. hughendensis, H. closei, H. maynesi, H. octoseriatus, H. lesouefi, H. briscoei and H. insulatus, and (ii) H. murrayi, H. insularis and H. orarius. The allozyme and morphological analyses, however, differed in the arrangement of species within the two main groups. Other cladistic analyses revealed the first group of lice, but not the second group. A hypothesis proposed for the evolution of the H. octoseriatus group involves widespread host-switching followed by the expansion of the geographic ranges of some lice at the expense of others. The evolution of host-parasite associations among rock-wallabies and lice from the H. octoseriatus group demonstrates how tangled the history of host-parasite associations may become.

Morphological cladistic analysis of Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915 (Ophiurida: Ophiuridae) from the Southern Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1401 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
REBECCA L. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
The Antarctic

A phylogenetic analysis using morphological characters was done on the Antarctic ophiuroid genus Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915. This genus is one of the more abundant and ecologically dominant ophiuroid genera in the Antarctic and surrounding Southern Ocean. Maximum parsimony was used to infer phylogenetic relationships. Although strongly supported nodes were not recovered for most groupings within Ophiurolepis, this first attempt at a phylogeny revealed the presence of three tentative clades. Two of the three Ophiurolepis clades included species currently assigned to other genera, but closely allied with Ophiurolepis in the taxonomic literature. This indicates that Ophiurolepis as currently defined is not a monophyletic group. Additional forms of data, namely molecular, are needed to more definitively resolve relationships within this group.

Anaticola crassicornis (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) on wild geese from Pakistan

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2659 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
SAIMA NAZ ◽  
SYED ANSER RIZVI ◽  
OLDRICH SYCHRA
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
First Record ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Chewing Louse ◽  
Louse Species

Twenty-eight geese (Anser anser, A. albifrons and A. indicus) from different localities around Karachi, Pakistan, were examined for lice. One species of chewing louse, Anaticola crassicornis (Scopoli), was found on every bird examined. This is the first record of this louse species from members of Anser. In the light of past confusion, the authors redescribe A. crassicornis in detail, with special reference to its genitalia, and compare it with A. anseris. Despite the louse not appearing on ducks sampled at the same time as the geese, we hypothesize that A. crassicornis is likely to have passed to the geese as a result of recent host switching from an unidentified anatid host.

Phylogenetic relationships of Luziola (Poaceae: Oryzeae) and related genera from aquatic habitats

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1753-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. Martínez-y-Pérez ◽  
Teresa Mejía-Saulés ◽  
Victoria Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Aquatic Life

Luziola is a small aquatic genus consisting of nine American species and belonging to Poaceae (subfamily Ehrhartoideae, tribe Oryzeae). We surveyed 160 morphological characters and performed phylogenetic analyses to determine relationships within the genus and between it and its closest relatives, and to deduce the evolution of a number of characters in relation to the aquatic habit. Our results confirm that Luziola is a monophyletic group and that Zizaniopsis is its sister group among taxa examined but revealed only a few clades within Luziola, the best supported of which consists of Luziola fragilis Swallen, Luziola fluitans (Michx.) Terrell & H. Rob., and Luziola peruviana J.F. Gmel. We used this phylogenetic evidence to reconstruct the evolution of several characters hypothesized to be correlated to an aquatic life style, including reduction or absence of glumes, papillae arranged in horizontal rows on the lemmas, dumb-bell shaped silica bodies, and a change from hermaphrodite to unisexual florets.

RELATIONSHIP OF THE ORDER APIALES TO SUBCLASS ASTERIDAE: A RE-EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS BASED ON INSIGHTS FROM MOLECULAR DATA

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. PLUNKETT
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Character State ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
State Evolution ◽  
Relationship Of

Phylogenetic relationships involving the angiosperm order Apiales (Apiaceae and Araliaceae) are troublesome at nearly every taxonomic level and have eluded several generations of botanists. Because of difficulties in interpreting and polarizing morphological character states at deeper phylogenetic levels, most studies in Apiales have focused on relationships between the two families and among/within the apialean genera. In the present study, however, recent contributions from molecular analyses are reviewed and combined using a ‘supertree’ approach to test traditional hypotheses of relationships involving Apiales, and to re-evaluate assumptions of character-state evolution in the order. Results from this study confirm that Apiales form a monophyletic group with Pittosporaceae (along with Griselinia G. Forst., Melanophylla Baker, Torricellia DC. and Aralidium Miq.), and should be transferred out of subclass Rosidae (away from both Cornales and Sapindales) to the Asteridae (in a position close to Asterales and Dipsacales). These findings are also supported by several lines of morphological, anatomical, and phytochemical evidence, and provide a more satisfactory framework for interpreting relationships and character-state evolution within the major clades of Apiales.

A revision of Bittacomorphinae with a review of the monophyly of extant subfamilies of Ptychopteridae (Diptera)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4309 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW FASBENDER ◽  
GREGORY W. COURTNEY
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Olympic Peninsula ◽  
World Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

The phylogenetic relationship between the two extant subfamilies of Ptychopteridae is examined using morphological characters. Bittacomorphinae is supported as a monophyletic group with several synapomorphies. Monophyly of the Ptychopterinae is less certain. Descriptions are provided for the family and subfamilies. The genera and species of Bittacomorphinae are reviewed, and phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily are discussed. While Bittacomorpha is a monophyletic group, Bittacomorphella is probably paraphyletic. Redescriptions of the species of Bittacomorpha and most of Bittacomorphella are presented. Bittacomorphella furcata sp. nov, is described from the central Coast Range of Oregon and Olympic Peninsula of Washington, USA. The range of Bittacomorphinae is found to extend into the Neotropical region with a record of Bittacomorpha clavipes from Costa Rica. A key to the world species of Bittacomorphinae is provided. Printed copy of this book is available from US$25.8 plus postage, Click here to order.

Morphological cladistic analysis of Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915 (Ophiurida: Ophiuridae) from the Southern Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1401 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
REBECCA L. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
The Antarctic

A phylogenetic analysis using morphological characters was done on the Antarctic ophiuroid genus Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915. This genus is one of the more abundant and ecologically dominant ophiuroid genera in the Antarctic and surrounding Southern Ocean. Maximum parsimony was used to infer phylogenetic relationships. Although strongly supported nodes were not recovered for most groupings within Ophiurolepis, this first attempt at a phylogeny revealed the presence of three tentative clades. Two of the three Ophiurolepis clades included species currently assigned to other genera, but closely allied with Ophiurolepis in the taxonomic literature. This indicates that Ophiurolepis as currently defined is not a monophyletic group. Additional forms of data, namely molecular, are needed to more definitively resolve relationships within this group.

Stability of chewing louse (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) populations infesting great horned owls (Aves: Strigidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Lamb ◽  
Terry D. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Chewing Louse ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Chewing Lice ◽  
Louse Species ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

AbstractThe annual abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) was recorded on great horned owls (Bubo virginianus (Gmelin), Aves: Strigidae) from 1994 to 2015 in Manitoba, Canada. Kurodaia magna Emerson (Amblycera: Menoponidae) had a mean annual abundance about half that for Strigiphilus oculatus (Rudow) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae). Mean intensity, rather than prevalence, explained the variation in annual abundance. Temporal variation (measured as population variability) in abundance and mean intensity were high and similar (0.62–0.67), but lower for nymph to female ratio (0.36–0.38). Temporal variation of prevalence and sex ratio were higher for K. magna (0.34–0.35) than for S. oculatus (0.21–0.22), and typical for other louse species. The high temporal variability for abundance and mean intensity suggest lower year-to-year stability than exhibited by other chewing lice, but over 80% of this variability was due to sampling error resulting from small sample sizes in some years and extreme intensities in the aggregated distributions of intensity. The remaining variation, < 20%, revealed no significant differences in annual abundance or mean intensity among years, and therefore stable populations over 22 years. Populations of 12 species of chewing lice show lower temporal variability and therefore greater stability than three other insect taxa.

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