Chloride and amino acids are associated with K+-alleviated drought stress in tea (Camellia sinesis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianchen Zhang ◽  
Honghong Wu ◽  
Jingguang Chen ◽  
Linmu Chen ◽  
Xiaochun Wan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Tea Plants

Drought is one of the main limiting factors affecting tea plant yield and quality. Previous studies have reported that K+ (potassium) application significantly alleviated drought-induced damage in tea plants. However, the intrinsic mechanisms underlying K+-alleviated drought stress are still obscure. In our study, two contrasting varieties, Taicha12 (drought tolerant) and Fuyun6 (drought sensitive), were used to investigate the intrinsic mechanisms behind K+-alleviated drought stress in tea plants. In the present study, we compared with the case of tea plants under drought: higher water and chlorophyll contents were found in drought-stressed tea plants with an external K+ supply, confirming the role of externally supplied K+ in mitigating drought stress. We also found that an adequate K+ supply promoted Cl– accumulation in the mesophyll of Taicha12 (drought tolerant) over that of in Fuyun6 (drought sensitive). Moreover, Gly, Cys, Lys and Arg were not detected in Fuyun6 under ‘Drought’ or ‘Drought + K+’ conditions. Results showed that an exogenous supply of Arg and Val significantly alleviated drought-induced damage in Fuyun6, suggesting their role in K+-alleviated drought stress in tea plants. Collectively, our results show that chloride and amino acids are important components associated with K+-alleviated drought stress in tea plants.

scholarly journals Drought stress in plants: An overview on implications, tolerance mechanisms and agronomic mitigation strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadam Hussain ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
Tauqeer Qadir ◽  
Abdul Khaliq ◽  
Umair Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Drought is considered as one of the major limiting factors affecting growth and productivity of crop plants. It severely affects the morphological and physiological activities of the plants and hampers the seed germination, root proliferation, biomass accumulation and final yield of field crops. Drought stress disrupts the biosynthesis of chlorophyll contents, carotene and decreases photosynthesis in plants. It gradually reduces CO2 assimilation rates owing to decrease in stomatal conductance. In addition, drought affects cell membrane stability and disrupts water relations of a plant by reducing water use efficiency. To cope with these situations, plants adopt different mechanisms such as drought tolerance, avoidance and escape. In this review, we discussed about the effects of drought on morphological and physiological characteristics of plants and suggested the different agronomic practices to overcome the deleterious effects of drought stress.

scholarly journals Metabolic Changes of Amino Acids and Flavonoids in Tea Plants in Response to Inorganic Phosphate Limitation

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh KC ◽  
Meiya Liu ◽  
Qunfeng Zhang ◽  
Kai Fan ◽  
Yuanzhi Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Phosphate Limitation ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Change Response ◽  
Tof Ms

The qualities of tea (Camellia sinensis) are not clearly understood in terms of integrated leading molecular regulatory network mechanisms behind inorganic phosphate (Pi) limitation. Thus, the present work aims to elucidate transcription factor-dependent responses of quality-related metabolites and the expression of genes to phosphate (P) starvation. The tea plant organs were subjected to metabolomics analysis by GC×GC-TOF/MS and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS along with transcription factors and 13 metabolic genes by qRT-PCR. We found P starvation upregulated SPX2 and the change response of Pi is highly dependent on young shoots. This led to increased change in abundance of carbohydrates (fructose and glucose), amino acids in leaves (threonine and methionine), and root (phenylalanine, alanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine). Flavonoids and their glycosides accumulated in leaves and root exposed to P limitation was consistent with the upregulated expression of anthocyanidin reductase (EC 1.3.1.77), leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (EC 1.4.11.19) and glycosyltransferases (UGT78D1, UGT78D2 and UGT57L12). Despite the similar kinetics and high correlation response of Pi and SPX2 in young shoots, predominating theanine and other amino acids (serine, threonine, glutamate, valine, methionine, phenylalanine) and catechin (EGC, EGCG and CG) content displayed opposite changes in response to Pi limitation between Fengqing and Longjing-43 tea cultivars.

scholarly journals Exogenous Application of Amino Acids Improves the Growth and Yield of Lettuce by Enhancing Photosynthetic Assimilation and Nutrient Availability

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shumaila Khan ◽  
Hongjun Yu ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Yinan Gao ◽  
Basheer Noman Sallam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Plant Area ◽  
Butterhead Lettuce ◽  
Photosynthetic Assimilation

As natural plant growth stimulators, amino acids are widely used to improve the yield and quality of crops. Several studies have illustrated the effects of different amino acids on lettuce plant parts. However, the effects of applying single amino acids on root growth remain elusive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of root application of L-methionine on the growth of lettuce. In this study, two successive experiments on butterhead lettuce were conducted under hydroponic conditions. Three amino acids, L-methionine (20 mg/L), L-glycine (210 mg/L), and L-tryptophan (220 mg/L), were applied separately. L-methionine significantly increased the growth performance by 23.60%, whereas growth using L-tryptophan and L-glycine decreased by 98.78% and 27.45%, respectively. Considering the results of the first experiment, a second experiment was established with different concentrations of L-methionine (2200 mg/L, 220 mg/L, 22 mg/L, 2.2 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, and 0.02 mg/L). The plants were allowed to grow for four weeks. Leaf width, plant area, leaf area, chlorophyll contents, etc., were evaluated. The results show that plant growth significantly improved by applying L-methionine at the lowest concentrations of 0.2 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L, which can, therefore, improve hydroponic production of lettuce and, accordingly, human nutrition.

scholarly journals Plant Availability of Magnesium in Typical Tea Plantation Soils 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qunfeng Zhang ◽  
Dandan Tang ◽  
Xiangde Yang ◽  
Saipan Geng ◽  
Ying He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Fertilizer Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tea Quality ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Tea Plants

Abstract Background and aims: Magnesium (Mg) plays important roles in improving the yield and quality of tea. However, Mg deficiency frequently occurs in acidic tea plantation soil. Methods: Tea plants were pot-cultivated in 12 typical tea plantations soils amended with and without Mg fertilizer. Exchangeable Mg (Ex-Mg) concentration in soils were quantitatively extracted using four extraction solutions (Mehlich-3, BaCl2, CaCl2 and NH4OAC). Plant availability of Mg was evaluated by Mg uptake and use efficiency, as well as its association with quality-components in tea plants.Results: Ex-Mg in soils were extracted most efficiently by Mehlich-3, while Mg concentrations in tea plant tissue higher correlated with Ex-Mg extracted by CaCl2 than other extraction solutions. Mg fertilizer use efficiency in tea plant varied from 6.08% to 29.56 %, and Mg fertilization significantly improve green tea quality by decreasing the ratio of total polyphenol to amino acid in tea leaves (24-60%). Moreover, the effect of Mg application on tea quality improvement and the use efficiency of Mg fertilizer both negatively correlated with total Mg concentration (r = -0.94 and -0.63, respectively) and nitrogen (N) level (r = -0.61 and -0.51, respectively) in soils prior to tea plant cultivation.Conclusions: CaCl2 could be recommended for plant-available Mg extraction in tea plantation soil, and Mg fertilizer use efficiency could be affected and predicted by total N and Mg status in soils prior to tea plant cultivation, providing a potential theoretical for guidance of Mg fertilization for tea yield and quality improvement in tea plantation management.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Insights into Potassium-Conferred Drought Stress Tolerance in Cultivated and Tibetan Wild Barley: Differential Osmoregulation, Nutrient Retention, Secondary Metabolism and Antioxidative Defense Capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13100
Author(s):  
Shafaque Sehar ◽  
Muhammad Faheem Adil ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan ◽  
Paul Holford ◽  
Fangbin Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Tibetan Wild Barley ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Activity Enhancement ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Keeping the significance of potassium (K) nutrition in focus, this study explores the genotypic responses of two wild Tibetan barley genotypes (drought tolerant XZ5 and drought sensitive XZ54) and one drought tolerant barley cv. Tadmor, under the exposure of polyethylene glycol-induced drought stress. The results revealed that drought and K deprivation attenuated overall plant growth in all the tested genotypes; however, XZ5 was least affected due to its ability to retain K in its tissues which could be attributed to the smallest reductions of photosynthetic parameters, relative chlorophyll contents and the lowest Na+/K+ ratios in all treatments. Our results also indicate that higher H+/K+-ATPase activity (enhancement of 1.6 and 1.3-fold for shoot; 1.4 and 2.5-fold for root), higher shoot K+ (2 and 2.3-fold) and Ca2+ content (1.5 and 1.7-fold), better maintenance of turgor pressure by osmolyte accumulation and enhanced antioxidative performance to scavenge ROS, ultimately suppress lipid peroxidation (in shoots: 4% and 35%; in roots 4% and 20% less) and bestow higher tolerance to XZ5 against drought stress in comparison with Tadmor and XZ54, respectively. Conclusively, this study adds further evidence to support the concept that Tibetan wild barley genotypes that utilize K efficiently could serve as a valuable genetic resource for the provision of genes for improved K metabolism in addition to those for combating drought stress, thereby enabling the development of elite barley lines better tolerant of abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Amplification of early drought responses caused by volatile cues emitted from neighboring plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieyang Jin ◽  
Mingyue Zhao ◽  
Ting Gao ◽  
Tingting Jing ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Induced Volatiles ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Volatile Cues

AbstractPlants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to survive in dynamic environments. Plants can communicate via volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to warn neighboring plants of threats. In most cases, VOCs act as positive regulators of plant defense. However, the communication and role of volatiles in response to drought stress are poorly understood. Here, we showed that tea plants release numerous VOCs. Among them, methyl salicylate (MeSA), benzyl alcohol, and phenethyl alcohol markedly increased under drought stress. Interestingly, further experiments revealed that drought-induced MeSA lowered the abscisic acid (ABA) content in neighboring plants by reducing 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) gene expression, resulting in inhibition of stomatal closure and ultimately decreasing early drought tolerance in neighboring plants. Exogenous application of ABA reduced the wilting of tea plants caused by MeSA exposure. Exposure of Nicotiana benthamiana to MeSA also led to severe wilting, indicating that the ability of drought-induced MeSA to reduce early drought tolerance in neighboring plants may be conserved in other plant species. Taken together, these results provide evidence that drought-induced volatiles can reduce early drought tolerance in neighboring plants and lay a novel theoretical foundation for optimizing plant density and spacing.

scholarly journals Screening of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cultivars for drought stress based on vegetative and physiological characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Younis ◽  
Atif Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Qasim ◽  
Farakh Mansoor ◽  
Faisal Zulfiqar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Tagetes Erecta L ◽  
Water Scarce

<p>Drought tolerance is an important genotypic character to be exploited for the plant cultivar selection under water deficit conditions. In the recent study, we examined the response of two marigold cultivars (Inca and Bonanza) under different regimes of drought stress. The aim was to determine the best performing cultivar under water/drought stress. Three irrigation treatments include; 4 days (T<sub>1</sub>), 6 days (T<sub>2</sub>) and 8 days (T<sub>3</sub>) in comparison to control 1 day (T<sub>0</sub>) interval were imposed. Response characters under study were morphological, physiological and anatomical. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications in two factorial arrangements was followed for experiment layout. The results revealed that increasing water stress adversely affect plant height, in both cultivars. Both cultivars showed a decreasing trend to the number of flowers under water stress. Total chlorophyll contents including a, b were also showed reduction under prolonged drought treatment in both cultivars from (2.7 mg g<sup>-1</sup> FW) to (1 mg g<sup>-1</sup> FW). Overall, the performance of cultivar (cv.) Inca was satisfactory under water stress regimes. These results are helpful for selecting drought tolerant marigold cultivars in water scarce areas.   </p>

scholarly journals Knockdown of a Novel Gene OsTBP2.2 Increases Sensitivity to Drought Stress in Rice

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Limei Zhao ◽  
Hong Xiao ◽  
Jinkiat Chew ◽  
Jinxia Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Peg Treatment ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Protein Kinase Signaling

Drought stress is a major environmental stress, which adversely affects the biological and molecular processes of plants, thereby impairing their growth and development. In the present study, we found that the expression level of OsTBP2.2 which encodes for a nucleus-localized protein member belonging to transcription factor IID (TFIID) family, was significantly induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment. Therefore, knockdown mutants of OsTBP2.2 gene were generated to investigate the role of OsTBP2.2 in rice response to drought stress. Under the condition of drought stress, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, and stomatal conductance were significantly reduced in ostbp2.2 lines compared with wild type, Dongjin (WT-DJ). Furthermore, the RNA-seq results showed that several main pathways involved in “MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway”, “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”, “defense response” and “ADP (adenosine diphosphate) binding” were altered significantly in ostbp2.2. We also found that OsPIP2;6, OsPAO and OsRCCR1 genes were down-regulated in ostbp2.2 compared with WT-DJ, which may be one of the reasons that inhibit photosynthesis. Our findings suggest that OsTBP2.2 may play a key role in rice growth and the regulation of photosynthesis under drought stress and it may possess high potential usefulness in molecular breeding of drought-tolerant rice.

scholarly journals The antioxidative response of two tomato species with different drought tolerances as a result of drought and cadmium stress combinations

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ünyayar ◽  
Y. Keleş ◽  
F.Ö. Çekiç
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Drought Tolerant

The effects of drought, cadmium (Cd) and drought-Cd combinations on antioxidant compounds, antioxidant enzymes and shoot growth were investigated for drought tolerant [Lycopersicon peruvianum (L.) Mill.] and sensitive of (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Lukullus) tomato species. Drought-Cd combinations significantly decreased shoot growth in both species (P &lt; 0.01), drought stress also decreased shoot growth in drought sensitive L. esculentum. Cd&nbsp;was accumulated higher in the roots of drought sensitive L. esculentum than drought tolerant L. peruvianum. The chlorophyll contents decreased in all stress treatments in L. esculentum but did not change in L. peruvianum. Carotenoid contents significantly increased in all stress treatments in both species (P &lt; 0.01). Significant increases in the contents of carotenoids in both species under stress conditions seemed to be associated with a protective role against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ascorbate (ASC) content decreased during drought stress while increased under Cd&nbsp;stress. Catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities significantly increased under drought stress in L. peruvianum while decreased in L. esculentum (P &lt; 0.001). Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity decreased under all stress treatments in both species. Drought and Cd stresses increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both species. The present data did not show a relation between drought tolerance and levels of antioxidative defence system that was induced from Cd. However, there is a clear relationship between Cd uptake and drought tolerance of plants.

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