Of growing importance: combining greater early vigour and transpiration efficiency for wheat in variable rainfed environments

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Wilson ◽  
G. J. Rebetzke ◽  
A. G. Condon
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Complex Genetics ◽  
Early Vigour ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Efficient Water Use

Increasing climate variability, particularly variability in the timing and amount of soil water, means that breeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties with stable high grain yields is increasingly more challenging. Changing environmental conditions in water-limited rainfed environments will alter genotype ranking to reduce confidence in the identification of consistently higher yielding performers. Greater early vigour (EV) and transpiration efficiency (TE) are two physiological traits that have demonstrated benefits as breeding targets for efficient water-use in Mediterranean in-season water and monsoonal stored water environments, respectively. This Perspective discusses the hypothesis that combining higher TE and greater EV will broaden the adaptation and increase grain yields for wheats grown across most rainfed environments. We examine the physiology underpinning adaptation with greater EV and higher TE, as well as the challenges and potential benefits of deploying these traits in combination. We then discuss how these two traits interact with different environments and, in particular, the different wheat-growing regions of Australia. We conclude that the combination of these two traits is genetically and physiologically feasible, as well theoretically beneficial to average yield in most rainfed environments. Hence, we suggest a strategy for reliably managing the complex genetics underpinning EV and TE when phenotyping and selecting both traits in commercial wheat breeding programs.

scholarly journals Development of new PCR-based markers specific for chromosome arms of rye (Secale cereale L.)

Genome ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Qiu ◽  
Zong-xiang Tang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Shu-lan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
Monosomic Addition Lines ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines

PCR-based rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome-specific markers can contribute to the effective utilization of elite genes of rye in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs. In the present study, 578 new PCR-based rye-specific markers have been developed by using specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technology, and 76 markers displayed different polymorphism among rye Kustro, Imperial, and King II. A total of 427 and 387 markers were, respectively, located on individual chromosomes and chromosome arms of Kustro by using a set of wheat–rye monosomic addition lines and 13 monotelosomic addition lines, which were derived from T. aestivum L. ‘Mianyang11’ × S. cereale L. ‘Kustro’. In addition, two sets of wheat–rye disomic addition lines, which were derived from T. aestivum L. var. Chinese Spring × S. cereale L. var. Imperial and T. aestivum L. ‘Holdfast’ × S. cereale L. var. King II, were used to test the chromosomal specificity of the 427 markers. The chromosomal locations of 281 markers were consistent among the three sets of wheat–rye addition lines. The markers developed in this study can be used to identify a given segment of rye chromosomes in wheat background and accelerate the utilization of elite genes on rye chromosomes in wheat breeding programs.

Inheritance of vernalization response in three populations of spring wheat

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Jedel
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Vrn Genes ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Early Late ◽  
Made In

Vernalization responses are known to differ among spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Three crosses were made to determine the inheritance of vernalization response in the spring wheat cultivars Cajeme 71, Yecora 70, Glenlea, Pitic 62 and Neepawa. Segregation analyses of days to anthesis were made of the F2 generation in a growth room (25/15 °C, 16/8 h). Segregation analysis of the F3 generation was made in a summer greenhouse. Reciprocal crosses between Neepawa and Pitic 62 indicated an early/late/transgressively late ratio of 12:3:1 in the F2 generation. The F3 generation results fitted an early/late/transgressively late/segregating ratio of 4:1:1:10. Based on the segregation of transgressively late types from both crosses, it was concluded that the genes for spring habit in Pitic 62 and Neepawa were different and not maternally inherited. The Glenlea/Pitic 62 cross produced one transgressively late segregant in an F2 population of 97 plants. The data fitted an early/late/transgressively late ratio of 60:3:1, indicating that Glenlea may differ from Pitic at three Vrn loci. Therefore, either Glenlea or Pitic 62 may carry two dominant Vrn alleles. The reciprocal crosses between Yecora 70 and Cajeme 71 did not segregate transgressively late types in the F2 generation. Therefore, those cultivars had a Vrn allele in common. Selection for vernalization response might be useful when introducing exotic germplasm into spring wheat breeding programs and in manipulating maturity responses. Key words: Vernalization, spring wheat, Vrn genes

scholarly journals Increased Predictive Accuracy of Multi-Environment Genomic Prediction Model for Yield and Related Traits in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin Tomar ◽  
Daljit Singh ◽  
Guriqbal Singh Dhillon ◽  
Yong Suk Chung ◽  
Jesse Poland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
The Impact

Genomic selection (GS) has the potential to improve the selection gain for complex traits in crop breeding programs from resource-poor countries. The GS model performance in multi-environment (ME) trials was assessed for 141 advanced breeding lines under four field environments via cross-predictions. We compared prediction accuracy (PA) of two GS models with or without accounting for the environmental variation on four quantitative traits of significant importance, i.e., grain yield (GRYLD), thousand-grain weight, days to heading, and days to maturity, under North and Central Indian conditions. For each trait, we generated PA using the following two different ME cross-validation (CV) schemes representing actual breeding scenarios: (1) predicting untested lines in tested environments through the ME model (ME_CV1) and (2) predicting tested lines in untested environments through the ME model (ME_CV2). The ME predictions were compared with the baseline single-environment (SE) GS model (SE_CV1) representing a breeding scenario, where relationships and interactions are not leveraged across environments. Our results suggested that the ME models provide a clear advantage over SE models in terms of robust trait predictions. Both ME models provided 2–3 times higher prediction accuracies for all four traits across the four tested environments, highlighting the importance of accounting environmental variance in GS models. While the improvement in PA from SE to ME models was significant, the CV1 and CV2 schemes did not show any clear differences within ME, indicating the ME model was able to predict the untested environments and lines equally well. Overall, our results provide an important insight into the impact of environmental variation on GS in smaller breeding programs where these programs can potentially increase the rate of genetic gain by leveraging the ME wheat breeding trials.

scholarly journals Stability of yield components in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Miodrag Dimitrijevic ◽  
Desimir Knezevic ◽  
Sofija Petrovic ◽  
Veselinka Zecevic ◽  
Jelena Boskovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Variability and stability of yield components for the large number of divergent common wheat genotypes originated in different world breeding institutions were studied. Interaction genotype x environment has been evaluated, in different environmental conditions. The experiment was performed using randomized block design in three replications on the experimental field in different environmental conditions. A total number of 60 plants have been analyzed in the full maturity stage. The analyzed cultivars showed very significant differences in the average values of analyzed traits. The significant influence of cultivars, year and their interaction on expression of traits was found. The effects of each of analyzed traits on phenotypic variability were different. The most stable genotypes have been determined for analyzed yield component. On the base of stability and phenotypic variability the genotypes can be used as parents in wheat breeding programs.

scholarly journals Combination Capacity and Association Among Traits of Grain Yield in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Alexsander Rigatti ◽  
Alan J. de Pelegrin ◽  
Carine Meier ◽  
Andrei Lunkes ◽  
Luís A. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Grain yield is a complex quantitative trait, because its expression is associated to the large number of genes with small effect. In addition, there is interaction among different yield components and environment effect, making difficult the direct selection of genotypes. The most viable alternative for wheat breeding programs, an autogamous plant, is use artificial crosses in order to obtain superior genotypes. Hybridization after use of successive self-fertilizations results in segregating populations, which reveal the genetic variability, especially when the parents are genetically different. Therefore, it is important to know genetic relationships between crosses, which will serve as reference for decision making in the choice of combinations. Therefore, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) are used, which facilitate choice of the best parents to compose crossover block. In addition to these parameters, path analysis can be used to determine importance of primary and secondary traits and to guide indirect selection of promising genotypes by means of interest traits.

LIFE CYCLE AND REPRODUCTION OF RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI (L.) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON WHEAT IN THE LABORATORY1

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Foster ◽  
S. S. Stamenkovic ◽  
J. E. Araya
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Light:Dark Cycle

The life span and reproduction of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), was studied in chambers at 25 ± 0.5°C and a 12:12 hr light:dark cycle on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) cvs. Blueboy, Monon, Seneca, Knox 62, and Arthur 71, and oats (Avena sativa L.) cv. Clintland 64 (C64). The life cycle, wing formation, fecundity, and longevity of R. padi varied significantly among cultivars. Apterae and alatae longevity were similar on the same cultivar. Wingless R. padi lived for 24.9–29.6 days on wheat cultivars and 33.1 days on C64 oats. The alatae lived for 26.6–28.3 days on wheats and 33.2 days on C64 oats. Differences in the longevity of alatae were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) between C64 and the wheats Knox 62 and Seneca, as well as between Blueboy, Arthur 71, and Monon. On wheat, the reproductive period lasted longer in wingless (24.9–29.6 days) than in winged (26.6–28.3 days) aphids. Clintland 64 oats were the most suitable host for R. padi (apterae and alatae mean progeny of 38.7 nymphs per famale). On wheat, progeny production ranged from 6.4 nymphs on Seneca to 24.0 on Blueboy. The least suitable hosts for R. padi were the Seneca and Know 62 cultivars. These cultivars showed a relative antibiosis type of resistance to the bird cherry-oat aphid. Selections from Seneca and Know 62 may be of use in wheat breeding programs for plant resistance against R. padi.

scholarly journals New ND-FISH-Positive Oligo Probes for Identifying Thinopyrum Chromosomes in Wheat Backgrounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xi ◽  
Zongxiang Tang ◽  
Shuyao Tang ◽  
Zujun Yang ◽  
Jie Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Gish And Fish

Thinopyrum has been widely used to improve wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) technology using oligonucleotides (oligo) as probes provides a convenient and efficient way to identify alien chromosomes in wheat backgrounds. However, suitable ND-FISH-positive oligo probes for distinguishing Thinopyrum chromosomes from wheat are lacking. Two oligo probes, Oligo-B11 and Oligo-pThp3.93, were designed according to the published Thinopyrum ponticum (Th. ponticum)-specific repetitive sequences. Both Oligo-B11 and Oligo-pThp3.93 can be used for ND-FISH analysis and can replace conventional GISH and FISH to discriminate some chromosomes of Th. elongatum, Th. intermedium, and Th. ponticum in wheat backgrounds. The two oligo probes provide a convenient way for the utilization of Thinopyrum germplasms in future wheat breeding programs.

scholarly journals EMS Derived Wheat Mutant BIG8-1 (Triticum aestivum L.)—A New Drought Tolerant Mutant Wheat Line

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5314
Author(s):  
Marlon-Schylor L. le Roux ◽  
Nicolas Francois V. Burger ◽  
Maré Vlok ◽  
Karl J. Kunert ◽  
Christopher A. Cullis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Drought response in wheat is considered a highly complex process, since it is a multigenic trait; nevertheless, breeding programs are continuously searching for new wheat varieties with characteristics for drought tolerance. In a previous study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of a mutant known as RYNO3936 that could survive 14 days without water. In this study, we reveal another mutant known as BIG8-1 that can endure severe water deficit stress (21 days without water) with superior drought response characteristics. Phenotypically, the mutant plants had broader leaves, including a densely packed fibrous root architecture that was not visible in the WT parent plants. During mild (day 7) drought stress, the mutant could maintain its relative water content, chlorophyll content, maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and stomatal conductance, with no phenotypic symptoms such as wilting or senescence despite a decrease in soil moisture content. It was only during moderate (day 14) and severe (day 21) water deficit stress that a decline in those variables was evident. Furthermore, the mutant plants also displayed a unique preservation of metabolic activity, which was confirmed by assessing the accumulation of free amino acids and increase of antioxidative enzymes (peroxidases and glutathione S-transferase). Proteome reshuffling was also observed, allowing slow degradation of essential proteins such as RuBisCO during water deficit stress. The LC-MS/MS data revealed a high abundance of proteins involved in energy and photosynthesis under well-watered conditions, particularly Serpin-Z2A and Z2B, SGT1 and Calnexin-like protein. However, after 21 days of water stress, the mutants expressed ABC transporter permeases and xylanase inhibitor protein, which are involved in the transport of amino acids and protecting cells, respectively. This study characterizes a new mutant BIG8-1 with drought-tolerant characteristics suited for breeding programs.

scholarly journals Mapping QTL for spike fertility and related traits in two doubled haploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pretini ◽  
Leonardo S. Vanzetti ◽  
Ignacio I. Terrile ◽  
Guillermo Donaire ◽  
Fernanda G. González
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Physiological Model ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background In breeding programs, the selection of cultivars with the highest yield potential consisted in the selection of the yield per se, which resulted in cultivars with higher grains per spike (GN) and occasionally increased grain weight (GW) (main numerical components of the yield). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GW, GN and spike fertility traits related to GN determination were mapped using two doubled haploid (DH) populations (Baguette Premium 11 × BioINTA 2002 and Baguette 19 × BioINTA 2002). Results In total 305 QTL were identified for 14 traits, out of which 12 QTL were identified in more than three environments and explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation in at least one environment. Eight hotspot regions were detected on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 5A, 5B, 7A and 7B in which at least two major and stable QTL sheared confidence intervals. QTL on two of these regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) have previously been described, but the other six regions are novel. Conclusions Based on the pleiotropic analysis within a robust physiological model we conclude that two hotspot genomic regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) together with the QGW.perg-6B are of high relevance to be used in marker assisted selection in order to improve the spike yield potential. All the QTL identified for the spike related traits are the first step to search for their candidate genes, which will allow their better manipulation in the future.

scholarly journals Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9 and applications for wheat functional genomics and breeding

aBIOTECH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Ligeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Functional Annotation ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
The World ◽  
World Food Security

AbstractCommon wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the three major food crops in the world; thus, wheat breeding programs are important for world food security. Characterizing the genes that control important agronomic traits and finding new ways to alter them are necessary to improve wheat breeding. Functional genomics and breeding in polyploid wheat has been greatly accelerated by the advent of several powerful tools, especially CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology, which allows multiplex genome engineering. Here, we describe the development of CRISPR/Cas9, which has revolutionized the field of genome editing. In addition, we emphasize technological breakthroughs (e.g., base editing and prime editing) based on CRISPR/Cas9. We also summarize recent applications and advances in the functional annotation and breeding of wheat, and we introduce the production of CRISPR-edited DNA-free wheat. Combined with other achievements, CRISPR and CRISPR-based genome editing will speed progress in wheat biology and promote sustainable agriculture.

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